输尿管肾镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗泌尿系结石体会

目的:探讨输尿管肾镜下气压弹道碎石治疗泌尿系结石的手术方法、技巧和临床疗效。方法:采用输尿管肾镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石62例,膀胱结石8例,尿道结石15例。结果:一次性碎石成功率为89.4％,手术中并发输尿管穿孔1例(1.18％)。结论:该方法安全、损伤小、并发症少、疗效明确,是治疗输尿菅、膀胱、尿道结石的好方法。

输尿管镜下钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石临床观察

输尿管结石是一种发病率较高的的泌尿系统疾病[1]。随着腔内微创技术的不断发展和完善,输尿管镜下钬激光碎石术已成为临床治疗输尿管结石的主要方法之一,具有较佳的效果[2]。为进一步探究该技术对输尿管结石的临床疗效,选取我院2015年3月至2016年6月间收治的患者进行研究,分别采用镜下钬激光碎石术和气压弹道碎石术治疗,现报告如下。

P-SV wave elastic impedance and fluid identification factor in weakly anisotropic media

The P-SV wave reflection coefficients in VTI and HTI media were obtained by approximation of the Jilek（2002a and b）equation in orthotropic anisotropic media.An approximate equation for P-SV wave elastic impedance can be derived from the combination of the new coefficients with S-wave elastic impedance（Duffaut et al.,2000）.On this basis, the fluid identification factor in weakly anisotropic media was constructed and used to identify the Castagna and Smith（1994）lithologic combination and achieved good results. Finally,we specifically analyzed the anisotropic parameter impacts P-SV wave elastic impedance and fluid factor trends.

Measurement method for cluster warhead's dispersion area based on binocular stereo vision technique

Cluster warhead has become the main ammunition of gun,rocket projectile and missile and it has been widely equipped in almost every country.More and more attention is paid to the damage effect of cluster warhead.The size of the dispersion area of cluster warhead is the main standard by which the damage effect of cluster warhead is estimated.The practical method of measuring the dispersion area was developed based on binocular stereo vision measurement theory.The calibration principle of the binocular stereo vision cameras was studied.The matching algorithm that relies on the gradient fields of the neighborhood of a pixel has been used to obtain the spatial information of matched points by acquiring apair of corresponding points in the left and right images of binocular cameras.The 3Dpositions of the flying path of cluster warhead were calculated.The umbrella that is similar to the dispersion track of static explosive cluster warhead was applied in the experiment to get the projection area of the umbrella on the ground.Experiment results verify the feasibility of the proposed method.

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石

输尿管结石是泌尿外科常见病之一,85%的肾绞痛是由肾-输尿管结石和外部的梗阻(如骨盘的、腹膜后的或在肠道的异常)引起的。近年来,微创排石手术诸如体外冲击波碎石术、输尿管镜检查术和经皮肾镜手术技术显然已经很成熟了。

Analysis and Verification on the Chain-like Model with Normal Distribution of Magnetorheological Elastomer

Magnetorheological elastomer （MRE） is a new kind of smart materials, the rheological properties can be controlled rapidly by the external magnetic field. It is mainly composed of rubber and micron-sized ferromagnetic particles, which forms a chain-like structure. Therefore its mechanical, electric, and magnetic properties can be changed by the applied magnetic field, which is called as the magneto-induced effect. But this effect is not remarkable enough currently for the engineering application. So it is important for material preparation to optimize parameters to enhance the magneto-induced effect. In this work, based on chain-like model, some factors influencing the magneto-induced effect of MRE were analyzed theoretically by using dipole method with the normal distribution of chain＇s angle introduced. The factors included the oblique angle of particles chains, magnetic field intensity, and shear strain, etc. Some experiments were also carried out.

Influence of the Pseudogap on the Inelastic Neutron Scattering Spectra of the Underdoped Lanthanum Cuprate

The influence of pseudogap on the inelastic neutron scattering spectra of the underdoped lanthanum cuprate is studied on the basis of the model which incorporates both the superconducting state and pseudogap state. It is found that the striking effects of the influence of the pseudogap on the incommensurability of the spin excitation spectrum are that in the superconducting state the pseudogap makes the intensity of the incommensurate peak increase, in the normal state the pseudogap not only makes the intensity of the incommensurate peak increase, but also sharpens the incommensurate peak and increases incommensurability.

Correlation of Two Coupled Particles in Viscoelastic Medium

Considering the viscoelastic memory effect, we study the correlated motion of two hydrodynamically coupled colloidal particles, each of which confined in a harmonic potential well, in a Kelvin-type and Maxwell-type viscoelastic medium. We find that viscoelastic relaxation plays a significant role in modifying the correlation, particularly the cross correlation. We also find that both the real and imaginary parts of the response function are significantly different from the viscous medium case. In particular there is a phase shift between the vanishing imaginary part and the maximal real part of the response function in a viscoelastic medium. In addition imaginary part of the cross correlation response function exhibits a net energy loss （gain） behavior when the elasticity parameter of the medium is larger （smaller） than the critical value for Kelvin （Maxwell） viscoelastic fluid. Some implication of our results and their connection with previous works are discussed.

Elastic Constants of Superconducting MgB2 from Molecular Dynamics Simulations with Shell Model

The elastic constants of superconducting MgB2 are calculated using a molecular dynamics method (MD)with shell model. The lattice parameters, five independent elastic constants, equations of state (EOS), Debye temperature, and bulk modulus of MgB2 are obtained. Meanwhile, the dependence of the bulk modulus B, the lattice parameters a and c, and the unit cell volume V on the applied pressure are presented. It is demonstrated that the method introduced here can well reproduce the experimental results with a reasonable accuracy.

Higher Order Multipole Potentials and Electrostatic Screening Effects on Cohesive Energy and Bulk Modulus of Metallic Nanoparticles

Higher order rnultipole potentials and electrostatic screening effects are introduced to incorporate the dan gling bonds on the surface of a metallic nanopaticle and to modify the coulornb like potential energy terms, respectively. The total interaction energy function for any rnetallic nanoparticle is represented in terms of two- and three-body potentials. The two-body part is described by dipole-dipole interaction potential, and in the three-body part, triple-dipole （DDD） and dipole-dipole-quadrupole （DDQ） terrns are included. The size-dependent cohesive energy and bulk modulus are observed to decrease with decreasing sizes, a result which is in good agreement with the experimental values of Mo and W nanoparticles.

On the understanding of dielectric elastomer and its application for all-soft artificial heart

Although dielectric elastomer(DE)with substantial actuated strain(AS)has been reported 20 years ago,its scientific understanding remains unclear.The most accepted theory of DE,which is proposed in 2000,holds the view that AS of DE is induced by the Maxwell stress.According to this theory,materials have similar ratios of permittivity and Young’s modulus should have similar AS,while the experimental results are on contrary to this theory,and the experimental AS has no relationship with ideal AS.Here,a new dipole-conformation-actuated strain cross-scale model is proposed,which can be generally applied to explain the AS of DE without pre-strain.According to this model,several characteristics of an ideal DE are listed in this work and a new DE based on polyphosphazene(PPZ)is synthesized.The AS of PPZ can reach 84%without any pre-strain.At last,a PPZ-based all soft artificial heart(ASAH)is built,which works in the similar way with natural myocardium,indicating that this material has great application potential and possibility in the construction of an ASAH for heart failure(HF)patients.

Construction of deep-blue AIE luminogens with TPE and oxadiazole units

In this paper, two AIE-active luminogens (Oxa-pTPE and Oxa-mTPE) constructed from tetraphenylethene and oxadiazole units were successfully synthesized and their thermal, optical and electronic properties were investigated. By linking TPE to the oxadiazole core through meta-or para-position, the intramolecular conjugation is effectively controlled. Thanks to the intelligent molecular design and specific AIE feature, when fabricated as emissive layers in non-doped OLEDs, they exhibit blue or deep-blue emission with CIE coordinates of (0.17, 0.23) and (0.15, 0.12), and good efficiencies with ηC, max and ηP, max up to 1.52 cd A-1 and 0.84 Im W-1 , shedding some light on the construction of deep-blue AIE fluorophores.

Observation of Coulomb blockade and ballistic tunneling in graphene single electron transistor

A square graphene single electron transistor （SET） was defined with two side gates, and its transport was studied at low temperature at T = 2 K. At zero magnetic field, Coulomb blockade oscillations were clearly observed near the Dirac point of this device. At high magnetic field, in the quantum Hall regime, we observed ballistic tunneling of the carders through the graphene SET, contrary to the Coulomb blockades observed while approaching the vicinity of the Dirac point.

Fusion Energy and Stopping Power in a Degenerate DT Pellet Driven by a Laser-Accelerated Proton Beam

In this paper, we have improved the fast ignition scheme in order to have more authority needed for highenergy-gain. Due to the more penetrability and energy deposition of the particle beams in fusion targets, we employ a laser-to-ion converter foil as a scheme for generating energetic ion beams to ignite the fusion fuel. We find the favorable intensity and wavelength of incident laser by evaluating the laser-proton conversion gain. By calculating the source-target distance, proton beam power and energy are estimated. Our analysis is generalized to the plasma degeneracy effects which can increase the fusion gain several orders of magnitude by decreasing the ion-electron collisions in the plasma.It is found that the wavelength of 0.53 μm and the intensity of about 1020W/cm^2, by saving about 10% conversion coefficient, are the suitable measured values for converting a laser into protons. Besides, stopping power and fusion burn calculations have been done in degenerate and non-degenerate plasma mediums. The results indicate that in the presence of degeneracy, the rate of fusion enhances.

A first-principles study of the structural,electronic and elastic properties of solid nitromethane under pressure

The structural,electronic and elastic properties of solid nitromethane are investigated under pressure by performing first-principles density functional theory(DFT)calculations within the generalized gradient approximation(GGA)and the local density approximation(LDA).The obtained ground state structure properties are found to be consistent with existing experimental and theoretical results.The pressure-induced variations of structure parameters(a,b,c and V)indicate that the solid nitromethane has an anisotropic compressibility,and the compression along the c direction is more difficult than along a and b directions.From the vibration curves of intermolecular bond length and bond angle,we find that the C—N bond is the most sensitive among these bonds under pressure,suggesting that the C—N bonds may be broken first under external loading.The influence of pressure on the electronic properties of solid NM has been studied,indicating that solid NM is an insulating compound with a large indirect band gap and tends to be a semiconductor with increasing pressure.Finally,we predict the elastic constants and their pressure dependence for the solid NM with the bulk modulus,Young’s modulus,shear modulus and the Poisson’s ratio derived.

Constructing hydrophobic protection for ionic interactions toward water,acid,and base-resistant self-healing elastomers and electronic devices

Dynamically crosslinked materials generally lose their self-healing ability and mechanical robustness in aqueous,acidic,and basic environments due to disruption of their dynamic interactions and bonds.Herein,a micelle-like structure with a hydrophobic outer layer is used to protect ionic interactions.This structure ensures the self-healing and long-term stability of the ionically crosslinked elastomers in aqueous,acidic,and basic environments.The elastomer possesses a tensile strength of 6.7 MPa and a strain at break of 1400%,which is superior to the existing waterproof selfhealing elastomers.The strain sensors and dielectric actuators based on the elastomer are highly stable and self-healable,even in extremely harsh environments.This design strategy of hydrophobic protection for dynamic interactions is quite general,allowing it to be extended to other self-healing materials.

Localized collocation schemes and their applications

This paper presents a summary of various localized collocation schemes and their engineering applications.The basic concepts of localized collocation methods(LCMs)are first introduced,such as approximation theory,semianalytical collocation methods and localization strategies.Based on these basic concepts,five different formulations of localized collocation methods are introduced,including the localized radial basis function collocation method(LRBFCM)and the generalized finite difference method(GFDM),the localized method of fundamental solutions(LMFS),the localized radial Trefftz collocation method(LRTCM),and the localized collocation Trefftz method(LCTM).Then,several additional schemes,such as the generalized reciprocity method,Laplace and Fourier transformations,and Krylov deferred correction,are introduced to enable the application of the LCM to large-scale engineering and scientific computing for solving inhomogeneous,nonisotropic and time-dependent partial differential equations.Several typical benchmark examples are presented to show the recent developments and applications on the LCM solution of some selected boundary value problems,such as numerical wave flume,potential-based inverse electrocardiography,wave propagation analysis and 2D phononic crystals,elasticity and in-plane crack problems,heat conduction problems in heterogeneous material and nonlinear time-dependent Burgers’equations.Finally,some conclusions and outlooks of the LCMs are summarized.