Subtree analysis and three area satements (TASS) procedure are used to deal with the area relationship in historical biogeography. On the basis of the taxon cladogram, the procedure could identify and eliminate the ...Subtree analysis and three area satements (TASS) procedure are used to deal with the area relationship in historical biogeography. On the basis of the taxon cladogram, the procedure could identify and eliminate the paralogy node and determine the informative subtree. The area relationships are generally illustrated in several subtrees and the consensus tree. The distribution pattern of the genus Caragana comprising about 72 species and occurring in 13 areas, was analyzed by using subtree method and TASS procedure in this study. The results showed seven subtrees representing the area relationships of section and series of the genus, and the consensus tree provided the 13 area relationships. These results are congruent with our former result using component analysis for Caragana.展开更多
This review summarizes the preparation methods of support ionic liquids （SILs） and their applications in rare metals separation The rare metals separation includes the recovery of high value metal ions and the remov...This review summarizes the preparation methods of support ionic liquids （SILs） and their applications in rare metals separation The rare metals separation includes the recovery of high value metal ions and the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater. SILs can be used as a kind of highly efficient multifunctional separation materials. The preparation methods of SILs include chemical immobilization technique in which ILs moieties are supported on solid supports via covalent bonds and physical immobilization techniques in which ILs are immobilized on solid supports via physical method such as simple im- pregnation, sol-gel method. According to the difference of solid supports, this review summarizes the application of polymer supported ionic liquids （P-SILs）, silica based material supported ionic liquids （SM-SILs） and membrane supported ionic liq- uids （M-SILs） in rare metals separation, P-SILs and SM-SILs prepared by chemical method with N-methylimidazolium group can be used as highly efficient anion exchangers with high thermal stability and good chemical stability for adsorption of Cr（Ⅵ）, Re（Ⅶ）, Ce（Ⅳ）. P-SILs prepared via simple impregnation afforded IL functionalized solvent impregnated resins （SIRs） which showed high separation efficiency and selectivity in the separation of rare earths（Ⅲ） （REs（Ⅲ））. SM-SILs prepared via sol-gel method with IL doped in the support as porogens or extractant show high removal efficiencies and excellent stability for the separation of RE（Ⅲ）, Cr（Ⅲ） and Cr（Ⅵ）. M-SILs with IL as plasticizer or carrier show improved stability, high perme- ability coefficient and good selectivity for Cr（VI） transport. Different supports and different supporting methods were suffi- ciently compared. Based on the different practical application, different forms of SILs can be prepared for separation of rare metals with high separation efficiency and selectivity.展开更多
文摘Subtree analysis and three area satements (TASS) procedure are used to deal with the area relationship in historical biogeography. On the basis of the taxon cladogram, the procedure could identify and eliminate the paralogy node and determine the informative subtree. The area relationships are generally illustrated in several subtrees and the consensus tree. The distribution pattern of the genus Caragana comprising about 72 species and occurring in 13 areas, was analyzed by using subtree method and TASS procedure in this study. The results showed seven subtrees representing the area relationships of section and series of the genus, and the consensus tree provided the 13 area relationships. These results are congruent with our former result using component analysis for Caragana.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51174184)National Basic Research Program of China(2012CBA01202)SRF for ROCS, Ministry of Education of China
文摘This review summarizes the preparation methods of support ionic liquids （SILs） and their applications in rare metals separation The rare metals separation includes the recovery of high value metal ions and the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater. SILs can be used as a kind of highly efficient multifunctional separation materials. The preparation methods of SILs include chemical immobilization technique in which ILs moieties are supported on solid supports via covalent bonds and physical immobilization techniques in which ILs are immobilized on solid supports via physical method such as simple im- pregnation, sol-gel method. According to the difference of solid supports, this review summarizes the application of polymer supported ionic liquids （P-SILs）, silica based material supported ionic liquids （SM-SILs） and membrane supported ionic liq- uids （M-SILs） in rare metals separation, P-SILs and SM-SILs prepared by chemical method with N-methylimidazolium group can be used as highly efficient anion exchangers with high thermal stability and good chemical stability for adsorption of Cr（Ⅵ）, Re（Ⅶ）, Ce（Ⅳ）. P-SILs prepared via simple impregnation afforded IL functionalized solvent impregnated resins （SIRs） which showed high separation efficiency and selectivity in the separation of rare earths（Ⅲ） （REs（Ⅲ））. SM-SILs prepared via sol-gel method with IL doped in the support as porogens or extractant show high removal efficiencies and excellent stability for the separation of RE（Ⅲ）, Cr（Ⅲ） and Cr（Ⅵ）. M-SILs with IL as plasticizer or carrier show improved stability, high perme- ability coefficient and good selectivity for Cr（VI） transport. Different supports and different supporting methods were suffi- ciently compared. Based on the different practical application, different forms of SILs can be prepared for separation of rare metals with high separation efficiency and selectivity.
