自动兼容的电子式电流互感器子终端设计

为了实现对电子式电流互感器子终端的优化设计,提出基于集成DSP信息处理控制的电子式电流互感器子终端设计方法。在集成环境下进行电子式电流互感器子终端的控制系统设计,通过嵌入式的DSP控制技术,建立系统的人机交互模型,通过时钟电路设计,建立电子式电流互感器的时钟转换电路和集成控制模块电路,通过AD芯片控制电子式电流互感器子终端的时钟传感器。运用输出振荡控制,进行电子式电流互感器子终端的嵌入式控制和多功能模块分析,运用区间耦合支路解耦控制的方法,进行电子式电流互感器子终端的控制算法设计,从而实现对电子式电流互感器子终端的优化设计。系统测试结果表明,设计的电子式电流互感器子终端输出稳定性较好,人机交互能力较强,提高了电子式电流互感器子终端的输出稳定性和自适应性。

基于快速终端滑模的模糊逼近系统及其应用

为改善模糊系统逼近的收敛速率,提出了一种基于快速终端滑模的反向传播(BP)学习算法。将快速终端滑模引入模糊逻系统的学习算法,综合终端吸引子有限时间收敛和线性系统指数收敛的性质,提高了对非线性连续函数的逼近能力。仿真结果表明:该算法能以较快速率逼近未知函数,且逼近过程稳定,较普通学习算法更为精确和有效。

基于改进型跟踪微分器的HOT-FSMO无感控制

针对传统一阶磁链滑模观测器存在较大滑模抖振和相位延迟问题,文中提出了一种基于改进型跟踪微分器的高阶终端磁链滑模观测器(High-Order Terminal Flux Sliding Mode Observer,HOT-FSMO)。通过设计一种高阶滑模控制律实现磁链估计的抖振抑制,并结合了一种含终端吸引子的低抖振新型跟踪微分器取代传统低通滤波器以便精确跟踪磁链和转子位置,从而实现滤波功能。实验结果表明,在不同转速和负载条件下,相比于传统线性磁链滑模观测器,基于新型跟踪微分器的高阶终端磁链滑模观测器能够有效降低滑模抖振,减小位置估计误差,并加快系统的响应速度,提高系统的动态性能。

基于新型趋近律的永磁同步电机非奇异终端滑模控制

针对永磁同步电机调速系统存在抖振和响应速度慢的问题,采用滑模变结构控制方法设计速度环控制器。将传统线性滑模面改进为非奇异终端滑模面,以提高系统在滑模面上的趋近速度。提出一种新型趋近律,在双幂次趋近律的基础上引入切换函数,使用终端吸引子,并且增加指数项来提高趋近速度,更好地减少系统抖振并改善了系统收敛特性。将此控制算法与双幂次趋近律对比,仿真结果表明:该方法可以更有效地抑制系统抖振和提高系统的收敛速度,也能更快速、准确地跟踪给定的速度信号。

基于新型滑模控制和STSM-MRAS观测器的SPMSM转速估计研究

针对永磁同步电机中滑模速度控制器的系统抖振问题以及传统MRAS观测器的鲁棒性和动态性能差的问题,提出了一种基于新型滑模控制器和超螺旋滑模MRAS观测器相结合的SPMSM转速估计策略。首先,在传统滑模速度控制中结合快速终端吸引子,构建新的滑模面,使设计的控制器不含切换项,有效削弱抖振。其次,在传统MRAS观测器的结构上引入超螺旋滑模算法替代PI自适应律,构建超螺旋滑模MRAS观测器,提高观测器的动态性能和鲁棒性。通过Matlab/Simulink平台搭建的模型进行仿真,验证所提估计策略具有良好的动态性能和鲁棒性。

基于新型滑模趋近律的风机类负载永磁同步电机控制研究

基于永磁同步电机(PMSM)风机类负载控制系统,为满足工业炉对于风机风量和风速要求,提出了一种新型滑模趋近律控制算法。针对传统PI控制算法和滑模控制算法存在着超调大、稳定性较差和抖振大等问题,在传统指数趋近律的基础上构建了一种新型的趋近律,并引入了终端吸引子、系统状态变量和抗积分饱和器来改善系统的控制性能。为验证所提算法的有效性和可行性,基于Matlab/Simulink仿真平台搭建仿真模型,通过仿真分析得出,新型趋近律能够减小系统的超调、提高系统的响应速度、减小转速的抖振且使波形更加平稳。

永磁同步电机的分数阶新型复合积分滑模控制

为了改善负载的扰动性和系统参数变化对永磁同步电机性能的影响问题,提出了一种新型的非线性的复合积分滑模面,设计了基于分数阶的复合积分滑模控制系统,引入了终端吸引子这一概念,外环加入了扩张观测器用来对外界的扰动进行在线估测,设计了分数阶的复合积分滑模速度控制器。仿真结果表明,该控制器具有快速的收敛性和对负载扰动有较强的鲁棒性。

智能配电网实训室规划建设方案探讨

文章介绍了我院智能配电网实训室建设方案,重点对智能系统、培训系统进行规划,提出了采用交互式课件和实际操作相结合的有效培训方式。

基于神经网络的全局寻优自适应BP学习算法

根据梯度算法中网络权值的演化规律,并基于终端吸引子,提出一种能全局寻优自适应的快速BP算法,该算法的基本思想是最小二乘算法,采用梯度搜索技术,以期使网络的实际输出值与期望值的误差的均方值为最小.同时,进行BP学习算法的稳定性和快速收敛问题分析研究.并进一步给出改善BP算法学习率修正、假饱和现象消除等训练结果的措施.

Phonon Transport and Thermal Conductivity in a Four-Terminal Structure

With the help of scattering-matrix method, the acoustic phonon ballistic transmission and the thermal conductivity are studied detailedly in a four-terminal structure. We find that the transmission coefficients and the reduced thermal conductance for each region sensitively depend on geometric parameters, and are of quantum character, but the reduced total thermal conductance for all regions seems independent of structure parameters when the temperature is not very low. Our results show that one can control the thermal conductivity for each region to match practical requirements in devices by adjusting the geometric parameters.

Spin-Dependent Electron Properties of a Triple-Terminal Quantum Dot Structure

Electron transport properties of a triple-terminal Aharonov-Bohm interferometer are theoretically studied.By applying a Rashba spin-orbit coupling to a quantum dot locally, we find that remarkable spin polarization comesabout in the electron transport process with tuning the structure parameters, i.e., the magnetic flux or quantum dotlevels. When the quantum dot levels are aligned with the Fermi level, there only appear spin polarization in thisstructure by the presence of an appropriate magnetic flux. However, in absence of magnetic flux spin polarization andspin separation can be simultaneously realized with the adjustment of quantum dot levels, namely, an incident electronfrom one terminal can select a specific terminal to depart from the quantum dots according to its spin state.

Inverse Spin Hall Effect in Two-Terminal Device with Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling

We report a theoretic study on the inverse spin-Hall effect （ISHE） in a two-terminal nano-device that consists of a two-dimensional electron gas （2DEG） with Rashba spin-orbit coupling （RSOC） and two ideal leads. Based on a two-site toy model and Keldysh Green＇s function method, we derive an analytic result of ISHE, which shows clearly that a nonzero transverse charge current stems from the combined effect of the RSOC, the spin bias, and its spin polarization direction in spin space. Our further numerical calculations in a larger system other than two-site lattice model demonstrate that the transverse charge current, dependent on the strength of the RSOC, the Fermi energy of the system, as well as the system size, can exhibit oscillating behavior and even reverse its sign due to Rashba spin precession. These properties may be helpful for eficient detection of the spin current （spin bias） by measuring the transverse charge current in a spin-orbital coupling system.

Factors Determining the Development of Non-cash Payments in Rural Areas in Poland

This article aims at characterization and assessment of the financial behaviors of rural dwellers on non-cash payment markets and identification of factors determining the intensity of using individual methods of payment by the inhabitants of rural areas. The main source of data used for analysis and inference was information originating from the authors＇ own investigations conducted in 2013 on a group of 500 rural households and on a group of 150 trade and service points operating in non-urbanized areas. This work made use of statistical summary measures and Z2 independence test. According to the results of the conducted studies, forms of payment used by rural dwellers depend on many variables, of demographic, economic, and psychological character. Cash payments are more frequently used by persons possessing vocational or secondary education, elderly people, old-age pensioners, annuitants, or households with lower incomes. Also, persons who do not trust financial institutions or do not perceive benefits resulting from the use of non-cash instruments prefer cash. It is a group of households which require urgent educational activities in the area of non-cash payment instruments. A significant barrier to using non-cash payment instruments by rural dwellers was a limited access to non-cash channels. It is connected in the first place with a poorer development of financial infrastructure in rural areas （banks or cash points）, insufficient Internet access conditioning a possibility to use electronic banking points, and also a worse development of credit card acceptance network. As has been demonstrated by the results of conducted studies, the main reason for a lack of point of sale （POS） terminals in retail and service-providing points operating in rural areas, in the opinion of their owners, is the very high interchange fee （50% indications）, which under Polish conditions is one of the highest in the European Union （EU）.

TRACKING DEFORMABLE AND OCCLUDED OBJECTS USING PARTICLE FILTERING AND GVF-SNAKE

An adaptive object tracking algorithm based on particle filtering and a modified Gradient Vector Flow (GVF) Snake is proposed for tracking moving and deforming objects. The original contours of objects are obtained by using the background differencing method,and the true contours of objects can be converged by means of the powerful searching ability of a modified GVF-Snake. Finally,an Energetic Particle Filtering (EPF) algorithm is obtained by combining particle filtering and a modified GVF-Snake,and by using K-means and the EPF algorithm,multiple objects can be tracked. The proposed tracking tactic for partially occluded objects can effectively improve its anti-occlusion ability. Experiments show that this algorithm can obtain better tracking effect even though the tracked object is occluded.

新型快速Terminal滑模及其在近空间飞行器上的应用

为加快Terminal滑模收敛速度,并避免控制器奇异,首先分析了Terminal滑模产生奇异的原因,基于李代数给出Terminal滑模控制器非奇异判据。然后,设计了两种新型非奇异快速Terminal滑模,其收敛速度在任意点均快于现有标准快速Terminal滑模;给出了收敛时间公式。将新型快速Terminal滑模与动态滑模相结合,避免了控制器抖振,设计了近空间飞行器快、慢回路控制器。采用改进的非线性干扰观测器逼近近空间飞行器复合干扰,进一步提高控制精度。基于Lyapunov理论,严格证明了系统的稳定性。最后,进行了仿真验证。

Scandium terminal imido complex induced intramolecular C-N bond cleavage and transformation

The scandium terminal imido complex supported by a monoanionic tetradentate NNNN ligand, [LSc=N(DIPP)](L = [MeC(N(DIPP))CHC(Me)(NCH2CH2N(Me)CH2CH2NMe2]-, DIPP = 2,6-(iPr)2C6H3)(1), undergoes a C–N bond cleavage at elevated temperature to give a mononuclear scandium anilido intermediate 2a, which subsequently aggregates into a binuclear scandium anilido complex 2. The mononuclear intermediate 2a reacts with alkyne or imine to provide two scandium anilido complexes 3 and 4, which contain a dianionic tetradentate NNNC ligand or a dianionic tetradentate NNNN ligand. DFT calculations on the reaction mechanism of C–N bond cleavage in 1 were also performed.

Investigation of Terminal Group Effect on Electron Transport Through Open Molecular Structures

The effect of terminal groups on the electron transport through metal-molecule-metal system has been investigated using nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism combined with extended Huckel theory (EHT). Au-molecule-Au junctions are constructed with borazine and BCN unit structure as core molecule and sulphur (S), oxygen (O), selenium (Se) and cyano-group (CN) as terminal groups. The electron transport characteristics of the borazine and BCN molecular systems are analyzed through the transmission spectra and the current-voltage curve. The results demonstrate that the terminal groups modifying the transport behaviors of these systems in a controlled way. Our result shows that, selenium is the best linker to couple borazine to Au electrode and oxygen is the best one to couple BCN to Au electrode. Furthermore, the results of borazine systems are compared with that of BCN molecular systems and are discussed. Simulation results show that the conductance through BCN molecular systems is four times larger than the borazine molecular systems. Negative differential resistance behavior is observed with borazine-CN system and the saturation feature appears in BCN systems.

Unmodified and positively charged gold nanoparticles for sensitive colorimetric detection of folate receptor via terminal protection of small molecule-linked ss DNA

The detection of protein/small molecule interactions plays important roles in drug discovery and protein/metabolite interactions in biology. In this work, by coupling the terminal protection of small molecule-linked ss DNA strategy with the unmodified and positively charged gold nanoparticle((+)Au NP) nanoprobes, we have developed a sensitive and simple colorimetric sensor for the detection of folate receptor, a highly expressed protein in many kinds of malignant tumors. The target folate receptor binds the folate moieties of the folate-linked ss DNA through high affinity interactions and protects the protein-bound ss DNA from digestion by exonuclease I. The protected ss DNA thus adsorbs the((+)Au NP) through electrostatic interactions, leading to a red-to-blue color change of the sensing solution for sensitive colorimetric detection of folate receptor at the sub-nanomolar level. Besides, this colorimetric sensor shows high selectivity toward folate receptor against other control proteins. The developed sensor avoids the modification/conjugation of the Au NP nanoprobes and the involvement of any expensive instruments for signal transduction in protein detection. Featured with these obvious advantages, the colorimetric sensor strategy demonstrated herein can be easily expanded for sensitive and convenient detection of various protein/small molecule interactions.

Quadruple bonding of carbon in terminal carbides

Despite its four valence electrons,carbon can at most form triple bond in ordinary organic complexes.Quadruple bonds for carbon had been considered as impossible for a long time.Recently we showed that quadruple bonding is viable in a triatomic uranium carbide oxide molecule CUO,where the terminal C is quadruply bonded with U via its nearly unhybridized 2s-and2p-orbitals.Here we extend this new concept to a series of diatomic molecules consisting of tetravalent p-,d-,and f-elements and terminal carbide.Investigation has been focused on a series of CM-type molecules with possible quadruply-bonded carbon(QBC),CB?,CTi,CZr,CHf,CV+,CNb+,CTa+,and isoelectronic species of CUO.We have performed natural bond orbital(NBO),natural resonance theory(NRT),and atom-in-molecule(AIM)analyses at both density functional theory(DFT)and ab initio CASSCF levels to provide evidence for the feasibility of carbon quadruple bond in these systems.Our calculation results show that the C?M bond orders in these QBC species are comparable to that in CUO,indicating terminal carbides can have novel quadruple bonding when appropriate orbitals are available in the adjacent atoms.