A framework is proposed to characterize and forecast the displacement trends of slow-moving landslides, defined as the reactivation stage of phenomena in rocks or fine-grained soils, with movements localized along one...A framework is proposed to characterize and forecast the displacement trends of slow-moving landslides, defined as the reactivation stage of phenomena in rocks or fine-grained soils, with movements localized along one or several existing shear surfaces. The framework is developed based on a thorough analysis of the scientific literature and with reference to significant reported case studies for which a consistent dataset of continuous displacement measurements is available. Three distinct trends of movement are defined to characterize the kinematic behavior of the active stages of slow-moving landslides in a velocity-time plot: a linear trend-type I, which is appropriate for stationary phenomena; a convex shaped trend-type II, which is associated with rapid increases in pore water pressure due to rainfall, followed by a slow decrease in the groundwater level with time; and a concave shaped trend-type III, which denotes a non-stationary process related to the presence of new boundary conditions such as those associated with the development of a newly formed local slip surface that connects with the main existing slip surface. Within the proposed framework, a model is developed to forecast future displacements for active stages of trend-type II based on displacement measurements at the beginning of the stage. The proposed model is validated by application to two case studies.展开更多
An online dynamic method based on electrical conductivity probe, tensiometer and datataker was presented to measure saturation-capillary pressure （S-p） relation in water-light nonaqueous phase liquid （LNAPL） two-p...An online dynamic method based on electrical conductivity probe, tensiometer and datataker was presented to measure saturation-capillary pressure （S-p） relation in water-light nonaqueous phase liquid （LNAPL） two-phase sandy medium under water level fluctuation. Three-electrode electrical conductivity probe （ECP） was used to measure water saturation. Hydrophobic tensiometer was obtained by spraying waterproof material to the ceramic cup of commercially available hydrophilic tensiometer. A couple of hydrophilic tensiometer and hydrophobic tensiometer were used to measure pore water pressure and pore LNAPL pressure of the sandy medium, respectively. All the signals from ECP and tensiometer were collected by a data taker connected with a computer. The results show that this method can finish the measurement of S-R relation of a complete drainage or imbibition process in less than 60 min. It is much more timesaving compared with 10-40 d of traditional methods. Two cycles of water level fluctuation were produced, and four saturation-capillary pressure relations including two stable residual LNAPL saturations of the sandy medium were obtained during in 350 h. The results show that this method has a good durable performance and feasibility in the porous medium with complicated multiphase flow. Although further studies are needed on the signal stability and accuracy drift of the ECP, this online dynamic method can be used successfully in the rapid characterization of a LNAPL migration in porous media.展开更多
This paper investigates the effect of the location of testing area in residual stress measurement by Moiréinterferometry combined with hole-drilling method.The selection of the location of the testing area is ana...This paper investigates the effect of the location of testing area in residual stress measurement by Moiréinterferometry combined with hole-drilling method.The selection of the location of the testing area is analyzed from theory and experiment.In the theoretical study,the factors which affect the surface released radial strainεr were analyzed on the basis of the formulae of the hole-drilling method,and the relations between those factors andεr were established.By combining Moiréinterferometry with the hole-drilling method,the residual stress of interference-fit specimen was measured to verify the theoretical analysis.According to the analysis results,the testing area for minimizing the error of strain measurement is determined.Moreover,if the orientation of the maximum principal stress is known,the value of strain will be measured with higher precision by the Moiréinterferometry method.展开更多
基金partially supported by the University of Salerno (Italy) through the Civil and Environmental Engineering Ph.D. programme and FARB research funding
文摘A framework is proposed to characterize and forecast the displacement trends of slow-moving landslides, defined as the reactivation stage of phenomena in rocks or fine-grained soils, with movements localized along one or several existing shear surfaces. The framework is developed based on a thorough analysis of the scientific literature and with reference to significant reported case studies for which a consistent dataset of continuous displacement measurements is available. Three distinct trends of movement are defined to characterize the kinematic behavior of the active stages of slow-moving landslides in a velocity-time plot: a linear trend-type I, which is appropriate for stationary phenomena; a convex shaped trend-type II, which is associated with rapid increases in pore water pressure due to rainfall, followed by a slow decrease in the groundwater level with time; and a concave shaped trend-type III, which denotes a non-stationary process related to the presence of new boundary conditions such as those associated with the development of a newly formed local slip surface that connects with the main existing slip surface. Within the proposed framework, a model is developed to forecast future displacements for active stages of trend-type II based on displacement measurements at the beginning of the stage. The proposed model is validated by application to two case studies.
基金Project(8151027501000008) supported by Guangdong Natural Science Foundation, ChinaProject(2007490511) supported by the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, ChinaProject (2006K0006) supported by the Open Foundation of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, China
文摘An online dynamic method based on electrical conductivity probe, tensiometer and datataker was presented to measure saturation-capillary pressure （S-p） relation in water-light nonaqueous phase liquid （LNAPL） two-phase sandy medium under water level fluctuation. Three-electrode electrical conductivity probe （ECP） was used to measure water saturation. Hydrophobic tensiometer was obtained by spraying waterproof material to the ceramic cup of commercially available hydrophilic tensiometer. A couple of hydrophilic tensiometer and hydrophobic tensiometer were used to measure pore water pressure and pore LNAPL pressure of the sandy medium, respectively. All the signals from ECP and tensiometer were collected by a data taker connected with a computer. The results show that this method can finish the measurement of S-R relation of a complete drainage or imbibition process in less than 60 min. It is much more timesaving compared with 10-40 d of traditional methods. Two cycles of water level fluctuation were produced, and four saturation-capillary pressure relations including two stable residual LNAPL saturations of the sandy medium were obtained during in 350 h. The results show that this method has a good durable performance and feasibility in the porous medium with complicated multiphase flow. Although further studies are needed on the signal stability and accuracy drift of the ECP, this online dynamic method can be used successfully in the rapid characterization of a LNAPL migration in porous media.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2010CB631005 and 2011CB606105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11232008,91216301,11227801 and 11172151)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program
文摘This paper investigates the effect of the location of testing area in residual stress measurement by Moiréinterferometry combined with hole-drilling method.The selection of the location of the testing area is analyzed from theory and experiment.In the theoretical study,the factors which affect the surface released radial strainεr were analyzed on the basis of the formulae of the hole-drilling method,and the relations between those factors andεr were established.By combining Moiréinterferometry with the hole-drilling method,the residual stress of interference-fit specimen was measured to verify the theoretical analysis.According to the analysis results,the testing area for minimizing the error of strain measurement is determined.Moreover,if the orientation of the maximum principal stress is known,the value of strain will be measured with higher precision by the Moiréinterferometry method.
