南京孔山剖面早二叠世冰川旋回期内氧碳同位素演化特征及其环境意义

在南京孔山地区早二叠世的碳酸盐岩沉积序列中系统地采集了样品并进行了氧、碳同位素分析 ,同时作了有关海平面变化的研究。结果表明 ,处于浅水和近岸环境的碳酸盐岩的氧同位素值系“全球冰川效应”和区域的淡水掺混两种作用相互平衡的结果。它的变化特征虽然可以忠实地记录原生沉积环境的变迁 ,但不能简单套用远洋沉积物中所总结出的模式。碳同位素亦非古代海平面变化的简单函数。有机碳埋藏速率及与之相关的氧化 -还原环境应是 δ1 3

基诺族民间音乐概述

基诺族聚居在云南省西双版纳傣族自治州景洪县基诺洛克地区,一万三千余人。 该区由东向西大体由三座山脉构成。东部曼孔山,中部曼打山,西部茨通山。整个山区平均海拔一千五百米,最高峰孔明山海拔二千六百米。

会飞的猫

我跟着队伍划过苍穹——秋风萧瑟,我们必须离开这儿,寻找另一片栖息地。我喜欢风围绕在我的身边。

Matrix porosity calculation in volcanic and dolomite reservoirs and its application

Matrix porosity calculations of fractured and vuggy reservoirs, such as volcanics and weathered dolomite, are one of the problems urgently needed to solve in well-log evaluation. In this paper, we first compare the an empirical formula for porosity calculation from full diameter rhyolite core experiments with the matrix porosity formulas commonly used. We discuss the applicability of the empirical formula in fractured and vuggy reservoirs, such as intermediate-basic volcanics and weathered dolomite. Based on core analysis data, the error distribution of the calculated porosity of our empirical formula and the other porosity formulas in these reservoirs are given. The statistical error analysis indicates that the our empirical formula provides a higher precision than the other porosity formulas. When the porosity is between 1.5% and 15%, the acoustic experiment formula can be used not only for acidic volcanics but also in other fractured and vuggy reservoirs, such as intermediate-basic volcanics and weathered dolomite. Moreover, the formula can reduce the effects of borehole enlargement and rock alteration on porosity computation.

Response of coal reservoir porosity to magma intrusion in the Shandong Qiwu Mine,China

The Qiwu Mine is located in the Ten Xian coal field of Shandong province.It experienced repeated volcanic activity,after the coal beds formed,where magma intrusion was significant The effect of coal reservoir porosity after magma intrusion was studied by analysis of regional and mine structure and magmatic activity.Experimental methods including maceral measurement under the microscope and mercury porosimetry were used for testing the pore structure.The authors believe that magma intrusion into low-rank bituminous coal causes reservoir porosity to gradually increase：the closer to the magmatic rock a sample is,the less the porosity.The pore size distribution also changes.In the natural coal bed the pore size is mainly in the transitive and middle pore range.However,the coal changes to anthracite next to the magmatic rock and larger pores dominate.Regional magma thermal evolution caused coal close to magmatic rock to be roasted,which reduced the volatile matter,developed larger holes,and destroyed plant tissue holes.The primary reason for a porosity decrease in the vicinity of magmatic rock is that Bituminite resulting from the roasting fills the holes that were present initially.

Optimizing and slope determination of final wall for Maiduk Mine with consideration of destabilizer factors

In this research, determination of final slope for Maiduk copper mine of Kerman is investigated according to destabilizing factors of the mine. The development of the Maiduk Mine caused the extension of the mine area and also withdrawal of its wall. So, optimizing possibility of mine slope is essential. Finally,the magnitude of optimized slopes for different walls of the mine in association with executive commands with better factors of safety is provided. The results show that the most important destabilizer factors are the presence of water and pore pressure in the faults and the main joints. With the omission of pore pressure, mine wall for the designed depth is quite stable. This requires a drainage pattern in the lifetime of the mine. In an optimistic point of view, the minimum factor of safety of the wall will be 2.81 even without drainage. This conclusion allows optimizing the slope to its maximum magnitude of 51 degree. With the pessimistic engineering judgment and with the higher SF, the magnitude of the slope is optimized to 47 degree.

Distribution of Borehole Temperature at Four High-altitude Alpine Glaciers in Central Asia

The distribution of borehole temperature at four high-altitude alpine glaciers was investigated. The result shows that the temperature ranges from -13.4℃ to -1.84℃, indicating the glaciers are cold throughout the boreholes. The negative gradient （i.e., the temperature decreasing with the increasing of depth） due to the advection of ice and climate warming, and the negative gradient moving downwards relates to climate warming, are probably responsible for the observed minimum temperature moving to lower depth in boreholes of the Gyabrag glacier and Miaoergou glacier compared to the previously investigated continental ice core borehole temperature in West China. The borehole temperature at 10m depth ranges from -8.0℃ in the Gyabrag glacier in the central Himalayas to -12.9℃ in the Tsabagarav glacier in the Altai range. The borehole temperature at 10 m depth is 3-4 degrees higher than the calculated mean annual air temperature on the surface of the glaciers and the higher 10 m depth temperature is mainly caused by the production of latent heat due to melt-water percolation and refreezing. The basal temperature is far below the melting point, indicating that the glaciers are frozen to bedrock. The very low temperature gradients near the bedrock suggest that the influence of geothermal flux and ice flow on basal temperature is very weak. The low temperature and small velocity of ice flow of glaciers are beneficial for preservation of the chemical and isotopic information in ice cores.

Patterns and security technologies for co-extraction of coal and gas in deep mines without entry pillars

Retaining gob-side entryways and the stability of gas drainage boreholes are two essential techniques in the co-extraction of coal and gas without entry pillars （CECGWEP）. However, retained entryways located in deep coal mines are hard to maintain, especially for constructing boreholes in confined spaces, owing to major deformations. Consequently, it is difficult to drill boreholes and maintain their stability, which therefore cannot guarantee the effectiveness of gas drainage. This paper presents three measures for conducting CECGWEP in deep mines on the basis of effective space in retained entryways for gas drainage, They are combinations of retaining roadways and face-lagging inclined boreholes, retaining roadways and face-advancing inclined boreholes, and retaining roadways and high return airway inclined boreholes. Several essential techniques are suggested to improve the maintenance of retained entryways and the stabilization of boreholes. For the particular cases considered in this study, two field trials have verified the latter two measures from the results obtained from the faces 1111（1） and 11112（1） in the Zhuji Mine. The results indicate that these models can effectively solve the problems in deep mines. The maximum gas drainage flow for a single hole can reach 8.1 m^3/min and the effective drainage distance can be extended up to 150 m or more.

Research on the control technology of medium-length hole blasting fragmentation in underground mine

The scalloped medium-length hole blasting mining method used in Dahongshan Copper Mine accounted for more than 61%of the total amount of mining,but the large boulder yield restricted the intensity of ore supply for mines,and the average boulder yield was as high as 22.7%.In order to develop the mine production efficiency,the circular medium-length hole blasting technology was proposed and field tests were carried out.The test results showed that circular medium-length hole blasting mining can reduce the average boulder yield to 10.3%.Compared with the traditional scalloped medium-length hole blasting mining,the average boulder yield was decreased by 12.4%.The daily yield of ore for the panel on duty was increased by 152.29 t,and the growth rate was 51.1%.The new technology can reduce the time for the handling of boulder and the consumption of explosives and detonators for recrushing,and increase the efficiency of mining while reduce the mining cost,which has received good blasting effects.

故乡

从三亚出发,沿着环岛高铁西行三十分钟就到黄流站了,一出站就到了我的故乡——孔汶村。孔汶村因村前葱茏的孔山和清澈的汶水而得名。也就是这孔山和汶水养育了世世代代的孔汶儿女。

郝敬《五声谱》与现代京山方音

明代郝敬撰写的《五声谱》是一部方言韵书,反映了明代京山方音的某些特点。论文在前贤研究基础之上,梳理历史材料,结合实地方音调查,探讨《五声谱》与现代京山方音的关系。论文提出《五声谱》反映的是明代京山鄢郝一带的方音,与现代京山中片方音一脉相承:存在入声调;梗摄臻摄合口三四等见组、影组、晓组字合流;蟹摄开口三等、合口一等与止摄开口三等部分韵字同音;明母德韵、陌韵、麦韵字同音;遇摄合口一三等与流摄开口一三等齿音字合流;曾摄、梗摄、臻摄、深摄开口三等字合流;臻摄合口一等与曾摄开口一等端组、泥组、精组合流;果摄开口一等与合口一等合流;泥母与来母不分。同时也体现了语音的演进与变化,集中体现在全浊声母的分化、入声韵的归并、蟹摄开口一等二等的分合等方面。

燕川渡

河流开创了水路,水路也阻断了山路和陆路。但凡有水的地方,因为交通的需要,或者遇水架桥,或者一定会有渡口,是为水陆码头。黄河上比如延津、孟津,长江上比如江津,渤海边比如天津。津者,水渡也。这些均是官渡。沁河上渡口也很多,多为民间小渡,河南境内最著名的就是济源市克井镇河口村东的燕川渡。燕川渡地处沁河峡谷,现在位于河口村水库水利风景区。太行山与孔山中间,两边高,形似展翅飞翔的燕子,是为燕;南北皆山,中间是东西狭长的冲击平原。

山东乳山:追本溯源确保“舌尖上的安全”

为确保百姓＂舌尖上的安全＂,山东省乳山市积极构建农产品质量安全追溯体系,对全市农产品标准化基地生产过程中的农事、施肥、用药、农残检测等信息由技术员定期录入农产品质量追溯体系,并生成二维码,以实现农产品质量安全从田间到餐桌的全程追溯。

Application of flow driven pore-network crack model to Zipingpu reservoir and Longmenshan slip

The study has analyzed the relationship between the water-drainage sluice process of reservoir, stress triggers and shadows of earthquake and porosity variability of fault slip zone. First, the pore pressure, pressure gradient, viscous stress and Reynolds stress to reservoir-earthquake fault slip problem are analyzed, and these are un-negligible factors of the extended coulomb failure stress under ultra-high temperature and pressure condition. Second, the porosity tensor and permeability tensor are studied, the relationship between Zipingpu reservoir and Longmenshan slip has been analyzed, and the extended viscous stress and Reynolds stress as function of time and infiltration process are obtained. Last, some primary conclusions about the flow-solid coupled facture mechanism to the Zipingpu reservoir and Longmenshan slip problem are presented, which can help understand the flow-solid coupled facture mechanism of reservoir-coseismic fault slip problem.

Abnormal strain changes observed at Guza before the Wenchuan earthquake

An YRY-4 type borehole strainmeter at Guza station on the southwest end of the Longmenshan fault zone recorded anomalous changes from time to time since about one year before the Wenchuan earthquake.The anomaly is characterized by steps and/or asymmetrical pulses of short-periods(minutes-hours).Among about one hundred stations over the mainland of China,only Guza,the nearest one to the seismic area,observed such changes.A self-check function of the strainmeter helps confirm the credibility of the observation.The anomalous signals do not correspond to seasonal changes.The consistency in the sense of strain among long-term,anomalous interfering and coseismic changes suggests that they all resulted from the background tectonic movement.Results of an Overrun Rate Analysis further illustrate a close temporal relevance of the anomaly to the Wenchuan earthquake:its increase before,and decrease after the biggest changes during the main shock.The abnormal changes are attributed to local small-scale fractures with an evidential clue that the only Ms4.5 foreshock near Guza station on February 27,2008 produced the biggest anomalous change.By means of Wavelet Decomposition,it is revealed that longer period portion of the anomaly took place later before the main shock,consistent with the idea that scales of small fractures increase during earthquake preparation process.The anomalous strain changes are analogous to the stress changes observed before the 1976 Tangshan earthquake.