Air Max2015的鞋需采用了极简主义的设计理念，鞋面采用了无缝织物设计，让鞋面更加贴合双脚，带来柔软舒适的穿着感。Air Max 2015的无缝织物鞋面还加入了Flywire技术，辅以独特的鞋带孔构造将Flywire的作用最大化，使之形成一个外置...Air Max2015的鞋需采用了极简主义的设计理念，鞋面采用了无缝织物设计，让鞋面更加贴合双脚，带来柔软舒适的穿着感。Air Max 2015的无缝织物鞋面还加入了Flywire技术，辅以独特的鞋带孔构造将Flywire的作用最大化，使之形成一个外置束缚系统，能够让鞋面更加包裹双脚，带来前所未有的舒适体验。展开更多
Based on SEM observance,the methods of low-temperature nitrogen and isothermal adsorption were used to test and analyze the coal samples of Hancheng,and pore structure characteristics of tectonic coals were discussed....Based on SEM observance,the methods of low-temperature nitrogen and isothermal adsorption were used to test and analyze the coal samples of Hancheng,and pore structure characteristics of tectonic coals were discussed.The results indicate that in the same coal rank,stratification and crack are well developed in cataclastic coal,which is mostly filled by mineral substance in the geohydrologic element abundance,results in pore connectivity variation.Granulated and mylonitic coal being of these characteristics,as develop microstructures and exogenous fractures as well as large quantity of pores resulted from gas generation and strong impermeability,stimulate the recovery of seepage coal,improve coal connectivity and enhance reservoir permeability.Absorption pore(micro-pore) is dominant in coal pore for different coal body structure,the percentage of which pore aperture is from 1 to 100 nm is 71.44% to 88.15%,including large of micro-pore with the 74.56%-94.70%;with the deformation becoming more intense in the same coal rank,mesopore enlarge further,open-end pores become thin-neck-bottle-shaped pores step by step,specific surface area of micro-pore for cataclastic coal is 0.0027 m 2 /g,while mylonitic coal increases to 7.479 m 2 /g,micro-pore gradually play a dominant role in effecting pore structural parameters.展开更多
To evaluate the effect of tectonic deformation on coal reservoir properties, we provide an analysis of the types of tectonically deformed coal, macroand microscopic deformation and discuss pore structural characterist...To evaluate the effect of tectonic deformation on coal reservoir properties, we provide an analysis of the types of tectonically deformed coal, macroand microscopic deformation and discuss pore structural characteristics and connectivity based on samples from the Puhe and Shanchahe coal mines. Our research shows that the tectonically deformed coal mostly includes cataclastic structural coal, mortar structural coal and schistose structural coal of a brittle deformation series. The major pore structures of different types of tectonically deformed coal are transitional pores and micropores. The pore volumes of macropores and visible fracture pores produced by structural deformations vary over a large range and increase with the intensity of tectonic deformation. Mesopores as connecting passages develop well in schistose structural coal. According to the shapes of intrusive mercury curves, tectonically deformed coal can be divided into parallel, open and occluded types. The parallel type has poor connectivity and is relatively closed; the open type reflects uniformly developed open pores with good connectivity while the occluded type is good for coalbed methane enrichment, but has poor connectivity between pores.展开更多
The distribution and genesis of secondary pores in Paleogene clastic reservoirs of Beidagang structural belt in the Huanghua depression have been systematically studied. We investigated sedimentary facies and carried ...The distribution and genesis of secondary pores in Paleogene clastic reservoirs of Beidagang structural belt in the Huanghua depression have been systematically studied. We investigated sedimentary facies and carried out a comprehensive analy-sis of the vast amount of data from casting thin sections, scanning electron microscope and physical data. Then we analyzed the pore types, pore evolution, distribution and genesis of secondary pores in our study area and discussed the factors controlling the distribution of secondary pores. The results show that pores in the study area are largely composed of intergranular dissolution pores and constituent dissolved pores. Three secondary pore zones were developed in the study area at depths of 2800~3400 m, 3600~4200 m and 4500~4800 m. Secondary pores have been formed mainly because carbonate cement, feldspar, clastic debris and other plastic substances were dissolved by organic acid, released during the evolution of organic matter and acid water formed by CO2. The development and distribution of secondary pores are vertically controlled by the maturity time of source rocks and hori-zontally by the distribution of acid water. As well, this distribution was affected by the sedimentary facies belt and the development of fault zones.展开更多
In order to analyze the mechanism of deep hole high pressure hydraulic fracturing, nonlinear dynamic theory, damage mechanics, elastic-plastic mechanics are used, and the law of crack propagation and stress transfer u...In order to analyze the mechanism of deep hole high pressure hydraulic fracturing, nonlinear dynamic theory, damage mechanics, elastic-plastic mechanics are used, and the law of crack propagation and stress transfer under two deep hole hydraulic fracturing in tectonic stress areas is studied using seepage-stress coupling models with RFPA simulation software. In addition, the effects of rock burst control are tested using multiple methods, either in the stress field or in the energy field. The research findings show that with two deep holes hydraulic fracturing in tectonic stress areas, the direction of the main crack propagation under shear-tensile stress is parallel to the greatest principal stress direction. High-pressure hydraulic fracturing water seepage can result in the destruction of the coal structure, while also weakening the physical and mechanical properties of coal and rock. Therefore the impact of high stress concentration in hazardous areas will level off, which has an effect on rock burst prevention and control in the region.展开更多
Delamination in composite structures can be a serious threat to the safety of the structure. Delamination leads to loss of stiffness and strength of laminates under some conditions. This is particularly so in the case...Delamination in composite structures can be a serious threat to the safety of the structure. Delamination leads to loss of stiffness and strength of laminates under some conditions. This is particularly so in the case of compressively loaded structures as the loss of stiffness may lead to separation of layers, the consequences of which can be catastrophic. Causes of delamination are many. In aerospace applications, this includes manufacturing defects, as well as operationally induced defects such as bird strikes, hits due to runway debris and tool drops. In this work one of the main causes of delamination that is dealt with, is the one that redistribution of the stress state due to some defects all mostly like here is broken single fiber （cutout fiber） in composite system already initiated by one of the above causes. When a laminate is subjected to in-plane tension, the effects of delamination on the stiffness and strength may be characterized by analytical results concerning the onset of delamination growth and its subsequent development. Many of the analytical treatments deal with just free-edge delamination. In mean time the redistribution and the gradient of the stress state in composite system is playing an important role for causing delamination. The main task of this work is to analyze single fiber with and without cutout embedded in matrix. Different FE models were generated, from the results, the redistribution of the stress state around the defected fiber were presented and discussed. Finally concluded remarks were indicated.展开更多
Two new compounds with microporous Co3[MnMo9O32].15H2O(1) and Cu3[MnMo9O32].15H2O(2) have been synthesized,and characterized by IR,element analysis,TG and single-crystal X-ray analysis.The structure analyses reveal th...Two new compounds with microporous Co3[MnMo9O32].15H2O(1) and Cu3[MnMo9O32].15H2O(2) have been synthesized,and characterized by IR,element analysis,TG and single-crystal X-ray analysis.The structure analyses reveal that compounds 1 and 2 are isostructural.In crystal,the Waugh-type polyoxoanions [MnMo9O32]6-are connected by Co2+ or Cu2+ cations to a 3D open-framework,which possesses channels along the [1 2 2] direction of approximately 8.27 × 11.97 .The photocatalytic performances of compounds 1 and 2 for photodegradation of RhB with UV irradiation have been studied,which show a good photocatalytic activity for photodegradation of RhB.展开更多
This paper proposes a novel method of magnetically guided assembly to construct multi- layer porous scaffold for three-dimensional cell culture by apply magnetic microfibers. Microfibers are composed of biocompatible ...This paper proposes a novel method of magnetically guided assembly to construct multi- layer porous scaffold for three-dimensional cell culture by apply magnetic microfibers. Microfibers are composed of biocompatible and biodegradable alginate solution with homogeneous magnetic nanopar- ticles, which are continuously spun from a microfluidic device by precise pressure control of the syringe pump. Magnetic nanoparticles enable the control of magnetic field on microfibers. Meanwhile, mag- netized device combining with a round permanent magnet are utilized to guide the distribution of spouted microfibers. The device is composed by pure iron wire arrays and wax, which stimulates pow- erful magnetic flux density and magnetic field gradients for the capture and assembly of microfibers. Thus, magnetic microfibers are spun on desired places of the magnetized device by motion control of the micromanipulation robot, and precise locations are adjusted by magnetic force couple with the assist of glass micropipette. Afterwards, microfibers are spatially organized by periodic magnetic force and crossed layer-by-layer to form micro-pore structure with both length and width of 650μm. Finally, the authors construct a multilayer microfiber-based scaffold with high porosity to provide a satisfactory environment for long-term cell culture. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
A new structural parameter of shelterbelts, above-ground density of biomass volume, was putforward in this paper. Its practicality in managements of the shelterbelts and its physical meaning of windreduction were expo...A new structural parameter of shelterbelts, above-ground density of biomass volume, was putforward in this paper. Its practicality in managements of the shelterbelts and its physical meaning of windreduction were expounded. Analytical relations between the new parameter and often-used parameters(permeability and porosity) were deduced. An example was given to show the application of the newparameter in the management of shelterbelts.展开更多
文摘Air Max2015的鞋需采用了极简主义的设计理念，鞋面采用了无缝织物设计，让鞋面更加贴合双脚，带来柔软舒适的穿着感。Air Max 2015的无缝织物鞋面还加入了Flywire技术，辅以独特的鞋带孔构造将Flywire的作用最大化，使之形成一个外置束缚系统，能够让鞋面更加包裹双脚，带来前所未有的舒适体验。
基金funded by the National Major Research Program for Science and Technology of China (Nos. 2009ZX05062and 2011ZX05062-009)
文摘Based on SEM observance,the methods of low-temperature nitrogen and isothermal adsorption were used to test and analyze the coal samples of Hancheng,and pore structure characteristics of tectonic coals were discussed.The results indicate that in the same coal rank,stratification and crack are well developed in cataclastic coal,which is mostly filled by mineral substance in the geohydrologic element abundance,results in pore connectivity variation.Granulated and mylonitic coal being of these characteristics,as develop microstructures and exogenous fractures as well as large quantity of pores resulted from gas generation and strong impermeability,stimulate the recovery of seepage coal,improve coal connectivity and enhance reservoir permeability.Absorption pore(micro-pore) is dominant in coal pore for different coal body structure,the percentage of which pore aperture is from 1 to 100 nm is 71.44% to 88.15%,including large of micro-pore with the 74.56%-94.70%;with the deformation becoming more intense in the same coal rank,mesopore enlarge further,open-end pores become thin-neck-bottle-shaped pores step by step,specific surface area of micro-pore for cataclastic coal is 0.0027 m 2 /g,while mylonitic coal increases to 7.479 m 2 /g,micro-pore gradually play a dominant role in effecting pore structural parameters.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40672101)the Key National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40730422)+1 种基金the National Science and Technology Key Special Project from the Ministry of Technology of China (No. 2008ZX05034)the China Scholarship Council (CSC)
文摘To evaluate the effect of tectonic deformation on coal reservoir properties, we provide an analysis of the types of tectonically deformed coal, macroand microscopic deformation and discuss pore structural characteristics and connectivity based on samples from the Puhe and Shanchahe coal mines. Our research shows that the tectonically deformed coal mostly includes cataclastic structural coal, mortar structural coal and schistose structural coal of a brittle deformation series. The major pore structures of different types of tectonically deformed coal are transitional pores and micropores. The pore volumes of macropores and visible fracture pores produced by structural deformations vary over a large range and increase with the intensity of tectonic deformation. Mesopores as connecting passages develop well in schistose structural coal. According to the shapes of intrusive mercury curves, tectonically deformed coal can be divided into parallel, open and occluded types. The parallel type has poor connectivity and is relatively closed; the open type reflects uniformly developed open pores with good connectivity while the occluded type is good for coalbed methane enrichment, but has poor connectivity between pores.
基金Financial support for this study by the National Basic Research Program of China (973) (No.2006CB 202300) is gratefully acknowledged
文摘The distribution and genesis of secondary pores in Paleogene clastic reservoirs of Beidagang structural belt in the Huanghua depression have been systematically studied. We investigated sedimentary facies and carried out a comprehensive analy-sis of the vast amount of data from casting thin sections, scanning electron microscope and physical data. Then we analyzed the pore types, pore evolution, distribution and genesis of secondary pores in our study area and discussed the factors controlling the distribution of secondary pores. The results show that pores in the study area are largely composed of intergranular dissolution pores and constituent dissolved pores. Three secondary pore zones were developed in the study area at depths of 2800~3400 m, 3600~4200 m and 4500~4800 m. Secondary pores have been formed mainly because carbonate cement, feldspar, clastic debris and other plastic substances were dissolved by organic acid, released during the evolution of organic matter and acid water formed by CO2. The development and distribution of secondary pores are vertically controlled by the maturity time of source rocks and hori-zontally by the distribution of acid water. As well, this distribution was affected by the sedimentary facies belt and the development of fault zones.
基金Supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China （2010CB22686） the National Natural Science Foundation of China （51174112, 51174272）
文摘In order to analyze the mechanism of deep hole high pressure hydraulic fracturing, nonlinear dynamic theory, damage mechanics, elastic-plastic mechanics are used, and the law of crack propagation and stress transfer under two deep hole hydraulic fracturing in tectonic stress areas is studied using seepage-stress coupling models with RFPA simulation software. In addition, the effects of rock burst control are tested using multiple methods, either in the stress field or in the energy field. The research findings show that with two deep holes hydraulic fracturing in tectonic stress areas, the direction of the main crack propagation under shear-tensile stress is parallel to the greatest principal stress direction. High-pressure hydraulic fracturing water seepage can result in the destruction of the coal structure, while also weakening the physical and mechanical properties of coal and rock. Therefore the impact of high stress concentration in hazardous areas will level off, which has an effect on rock burst prevention and control in the region.
文摘Delamination in composite structures can be a serious threat to the safety of the structure. Delamination leads to loss of stiffness and strength of laminates under some conditions. This is particularly so in the case of compressively loaded structures as the loss of stiffness may lead to separation of layers, the consequences of which can be catastrophic. Causes of delamination are many. In aerospace applications, this includes manufacturing defects, as well as operationally induced defects such as bird strikes, hits due to runway debris and tool drops. In this work one of the main causes of delamination that is dealt with, is the one that redistribution of the stress state due to some defects all mostly like here is broken single fiber （cutout fiber） in composite system already initiated by one of the above causes. When a laminate is subjected to in-plane tension, the effects of delamination on the stiffness and strength may be characterized by analytical results concerning the onset of delamination growth and its subsequent development. Many of the analytical treatments deal with just free-edge delamination. In mean time the redistribution and the gradient of the stress state in composite system is playing an important role for causing delamination. The main task of this work is to analyze single fiber with and without cutout embedded in matrix. Different FE models were generated, from the results, the redistribution of the stress state around the defected fiber were presented and discussed. Finally concluded remarks were indicated.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20701005 & 20701006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitues,Postdoctoral Station Foundation of Ministry of Education(20060200002)+1 种基金the Testing Foundation of Northeast Normal University(NENU),Science and Technology Creation Foundation of NENU(NENU-STC07009)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University
文摘Two new compounds with microporous Co3[MnMo9O32].15H2O(1) and Cu3[MnMo9O32].15H2O(2) have been synthesized,and characterized by IR,element analysis,TG and single-crystal X-ray analysis.The structure analyses reveal that compounds 1 and 2 are isostructural.In crystal,the Waugh-type polyoxoanions [MnMo9O32]6-are connected by Co2+ or Cu2+ cations to a 3D open-framework,which possesses channels along the [1 2 2] direction of approximately 8.27 × 11.97 .The photocatalytic performances of compounds 1 and 2 for photodegradation of RhB with UV irradiation have been studied,which show a good photocatalytic activity for photodegradation of RhB.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.4164099the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61375108,61520106011,and 61603044
文摘This paper proposes a novel method of magnetically guided assembly to construct multi- layer porous scaffold for three-dimensional cell culture by apply magnetic microfibers. Microfibers are composed of biocompatible and biodegradable alginate solution with homogeneous magnetic nanopar- ticles, which are continuously spun from a microfluidic device by precise pressure control of the syringe pump. Magnetic nanoparticles enable the control of magnetic field on microfibers. Meanwhile, mag- netized device combining with a round permanent magnet are utilized to guide the distribution of spouted microfibers. The device is composed by pure iron wire arrays and wax, which stimulates pow- erful magnetic flux density and magnetic field gradients for the capture and assembly of microfibers. Thus, magnetic microfibers are spun on desired places of the magnetized device by motion control of the micromanipulation robot, and precise locations are adjusted by magnetic force couple with the assist of glass micropipette. Afterwards, microfibers are spatially organized by periodic magnetic force and crossed layer-by-layer to form micro-pore structure with both length and width of 650μm. Finally, the authors construct a multilayer microfiber-based scaffold with high porosity to provide a satisfactory environment for long-term cell culture. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金Supported by the Doctorial Foundation of Liaoning province and the Project of Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy ofSciences.
文摘A new structural parameter of shelterbelts, above-ground density of biomass volume, was putforward in this paper. Its practicality in managements of the shelterbelts and its physical meaning of windreduction were expounded. Analytical relations between the new parameter and often-used parameters(permeability and porosity) were deduced. An example was given to show the application of the newparameter in the management of shelterbelts.
