空爆载荷作用下带孔加筋板架破坏模式研究

针对带孔加筋板架在爆炸冲击波作用下的破坏模式进行模型试验,分析带孔加筋板架的破坏模式,认为板架结构中由于前驱爆炸破片作用产生的小型穿孔对板架的抗爆能力影响不大,板架构件与板连接处变形不协调引起的弯曲应力及该部位的应力集中是导致板架破坏的主要原因。通过试验和数值计算研究比较不同穿孔尺寸对板架抗毁伤能力的影响,数值计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。

基于响应面法复合材料船舶开孔板架优化设计

复合材料板架作为轻量化船舶的主要构件,其设计是否合理对船舶本身的安全性和经济性具有重要意义。基于响应面法和有限元仿真,从结构重量和稳定性两方面着手对复合材料船舶开孔板架进行多目标优化设计。借助Ansys Workbench计算平台,对复合材料开孔板架进行静力学计算、特征值屈曲分析和响应面优化设计,获得一系列板架设计方案的稳定性参数和重量特征。优化过程中应用DOE试验设计技术和RSO响应面优化模型,确定采样点位置并拟合构造标准三维响应曲面。采用多目标遗传算法生成初始样本点,获得最佳设计方案。结果表明:面板厚度对板架重量和屈曲能力的影响最为敏感;优化设计方案减重效果较好,抗屈曲能力明显提高。该优化设计具有一定的实用价值,能为复合材料船舶改进优化、轻量化应用等提供有益参考。

大跨度造桥机整孔拼架64m简支箱梁

结合株六铁路复线南山河特大桥施工实例 ,介绍了大跨度预应力梁造桥机的构造和功能 ,以及利用该造桥机进行整孔节段拼架 6

分析工程机械臂架孔的加工

针对目前工程机械臂架孔加工作业过程存在的问题,文章从实践角度出发,分析了先进制造技术在工程机械行业的应用现状,并提出了工程机械臂架孔加工质量控制的方法策略,其目的是为相关建设者提供一些理论依据。结果表明,只有在明确先进制造技术在机械行业应用背景的情况下,才可更好地运用于工程机械设备的生产质量控制。

Linear numerical calculation method for obtaining critical point,pore fluid,and framework parameters of gas-bearing media

Up to now, the primary method for studying critical porosity and porous media are experimental measurements and data analysis. There are few references on how to numerically calculate porosity at the critical point, pore fluid-related parameters, or framework-related parameters. So in this article, we provide a method for calculating these elastic parameters and use this method to analyze gas-bearing samples. We first derive three linear equations for numerical calculations. They are the equation of density p versus porosity Ф, density times the square of compressional wave velocity p Vp^2 versus porosity, and density times the square of shear wave velocity pVs^2 versus porosity. Here porosity is viewed as an independent variable and the other parameters are dependent variables. We elaborate on the calculation steps and provide some notes. Then we use our method to analyze gas-bearing sandstone samples. In the calculations, density and P- and S-velocities are input data and we calculate eleven relative parameters for porous fluid, framework, and critical point. In the end, by comparing our results with experiment measurements, we prove the viability of the method.

Analyzing the mid-low porosity sandstone dry frame in central Sichuan based on effective medium theory

Tight gas sandstone reservoirs in Guang＇an are characterized by wide distribution and low abundance. Sandstone samples from this area usually have low porosity and poor connectivity. We analyze the observed velocity data of tight sandstone samples with the Mori- Tanaka model, and give the sandstone framework physical model in this area based on theory and experiment analysis. The matrix modulus was obtained by an empirical relationship and then the experiment data were compared with the values predicted by the Mori-Tanaka model with different pore shapes. The results revealed that the experiment data were close to the model with low pore aspect ratio. Considering the matrix modulus and pore shape variation, we find that, under the condition of small mineral composition change, the effective pore aspect ratio of these samples increased with porosity evidently.

在黑色的海中(外二首)

月亮落下太阳升起不在我感觉之内我是一尾在地层下的黑色海中存在的活活泼泼的鱼凝固的海浪波涛汹涌海的感觉让我的力量永不衰竭

Rock skeleton models and seismic porosity inversion

By substituting rock skeleton modulus expressions into Gassmann approximate fluid equation, we obtain a seismic porosity inversion equation. However, conventional rock skeleton models and their expressions are quite different from each other, resuling in different seismic porosity inversion equations, potentially leading to difficulties in correctly applying them and evaluating their results. In response to this, a uniform relation with two adjusting parameters suitable for all rock skeleton models is established from an analysis and comparison of various conventional rock skeleton models and their expressions including the Eshelby-Walsh, Pride, Geertsma, Nur, Keys-Xu, and Krief models. By giving the two adjusting parameters specific values, different rock skeleton models with specific physical characteristics can be generated. This allows us to select the most appropriate rock skeleton model based on geological and geophysical conditions, and to develop more wise seismic porosity inversion. As an example of using this method for hydrocarbon prediction and fluid identification, we apply this improved porosity inversion, associated with rock physical data and well log data, to the ZJ basin. Research shows that the existence of an abundant hydrocarbon reservoir is dependent on a moderate porosity range, which means we can use the results of seismic porosity inversion to identify oil reservoirs and dry or water-saturated reservoirs. The seismic inversion results are closely correspond to well log porosity curves in the ZJ area, indicating that the uniform relations and inversion methods proposed in this paper are reliable and effective.

BISQ model based on a Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic frame in a partially saturated porous medium

Taking into account three important porous media mechanisms during wave propagation （the Biot-flow, squirt-flow, and solid-skeleton viscoelastic mechanisms）, we introduce water saturation into the dynamic governing equations of wave propagation by analyzing the effective medium theory and then providing a viscoelastic Biot/squirt （BISQ） model which can analyze the wave propagation problems in a partially viscous pore fluid saturated porous media. In this model, the effects of pore fluid distribution patterns on the effective bulk modulus at different frequencies are considered. Then we derive the wave dynamic equations in the time-space domain. The phase velocity and the attenuation coefficient equations of the viscoelatic BISQ model in the frequency-wavenumber domain are deduced through a set of plane harmonic solution assumptions. Finally, by means of numerical simulations, we investigate the effects of water saturation, permeability, and frequency on compressional wave velocity and attenuation. Based on tight sandstone and carbonate experimental observed data, the compressional wave velocities of partially saturated reservoir rocks are calculated. The compressional wave velocity in carbonate reservoirs is more sensitive to gas saturation than in sandstone reservoirs.

大型邮轮开孔高腹板板架结构屈曲特性研究

开孔高腹板板架作为邮轮上层建筑的典型结构,其承载特性与重量控制是结构设计中的关键一环,有必要对这类特殊结构的屈曲特性进行分析。应用非线性有限元法探究板架的屈曲特性,讨论开孔形式与开孔尺寸对屈曲特性的影响。结果表明,邮轮普遍采用的组合孔形式对结构承载能力的削弱程度较低,而结构减重较多;随着开孔尺寸的增大,这种开孔形式会破坏纵桁结构的完整性,导致板架的屈曲顺序发生改变,从而使极限承载能力呈现先陡后平的下降趋势。论文的研究结果可为开孔高腹板板架结构的优化设计与安全性评估提供指导。

碱锰电池用大功率无汞锌粉的雾化装置

设计了自由降落式喷嘴雾化装置,采用六孔喷料架,通过改进喷射孔间距、喷射角,降低雾化能耗,增加锌粉比表面积,提高碱锰电池的大功率性能。在0.8 MPa的气压下,获得粒径小于150μm的锌粉超过80%;不规则形态的锌粉比表面积达0.013 m2/g,体积平均粒径达141μm。用该锌粉制备的LR6电池的1 500 mW6、50 mW脉冲放电次数达130次。

Effect of porosity on mechanical properties of porous tantalum scaffolds produced by electron beam powder bed fusion

The effect of porosity on compressive,bending,and tensile properties of the porous tantalum scaffolds fabricated by electron beam powder bed fusion(EB-PBF)was investigated.The porous tantalum scaffolds with porosity from 69%to 77.8%were obtained by varying the designed porosity and adjusting the processing parameters.It is found that the pores and unfused powder decrease with the increase of deposited energy density.The decrease of porosity leads to an improvement in mechanical properties.The relevancy between compressive/bending/tensile yield strength and relative density can be described appropriately by exponential model,while the relationship between elastic modulus and relative density is in good agreement with the Gibson-Ashby model.All the porous tantalum scaffolds exhibit good ductility in compressive,bending and tensile tests.No fragmentation of struts is observed during the compression process,but cracks are formed on the strut surface after 90°bending,mainly due to the high sensibility to defects caused by the oxide.

Closure of a persistent sphincterotomy-related duodenal perforation by placement of a covered self-expandable metallic biliary stent

Retroperitoneal duodenal perforation as a result of endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy is a rare complication, but it is associated with a relatively high mortality risk, if left untreated. Recently, several endoscopic techniques have been described to close a variety of perforations. In this case report, we describe the closure of a persistent sphincterotomy-related duodenal perforation by using a covered self-expandable metallic biliary (CEMB) stent. A 61-year-old Greek woman underwent an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and sphincterotomy for suspected choledo-cholithiasis, and a retroperitoneal duodenal perforation (sphincterotomy-related) occurred. Despite initial conservative management, the patient underwent a laparotomy and drainage of the retroperitoneal space. After that, a high volume duodenal fistula developed. Six weeks after the initial ERCP, the patient underwent a repeat endoscopy and placement of a CEMB stent with an indwelling nasobiliary drain. The fistula healed completely and the stent was removed two weeks later. We suggest the transient use of CEMB stents for the closure of sphincterotomy-related duodenal perforations. They can be placed either during the initial ERCP or even later if there is radiographic or clinical evidence that the leakage persists.

Computer aided modeling and pore distribution of bionic porous bone structure

Artificial bone with porous structure is crucial for tissue scaffold and clinic implants.Scaffold provides structure support for cells and guides tissues regeneration for final tissue structure.A computational aided process of porous bone modeling was developed which described the design and fabrication of tissue scaffolds by considering intricate architecture,porosity and pore size.To simulate intricate bone structure,different constructive units were presented.In modeling process,bone contour was gotten from computed tomography(CT)images and was divided into two levels.Each level was represented by relatively reconstructive process.Pore size distribution was controlled by using mesh generation.The whole hexahedral mesh was reduced by unit structure,when a 3D mesh with various hexahedral elements was provided.The simulation results show that constructive structure of porous scaffold can meet the needs of clinic implants in accurate and controlled way.

Covalent organic frameworks as heterogeneous catalysts

Covalent organic frameworks （COFs）, established as an emerging class of crystalline porous polymers with high surface area, structural diversity, and esignability, attract much interest and exhibit potential applications in catalysis. In this review, we summarize the use of COFs as a versatile platform to develop heterogeneous catalysts for a variety of chemical reactions. Catalytic COFs are categorized in accordance with the types of active sites, involving single functional active sites, bifunctional active sites, and metal nanoparticles （NPs） embedded in pores. Special emphasis is placed on the deliberate or incidental synthesis strategies, the stability, the heterogeneity, and the shape/size selectivity for COF catalysis. Moreover, a description of the application of COFs as photocatalysts and electrocatalysts is presented. Finally, the prospects of COFs in catalysis and remaining issues in this field are indicated.

Precisely decorating CdS on Zr-MOFs through pore functionalization strategy: A highly efficient photocatalyst for H2 production

Different materials,such as metal sulphides,are often combined with metal‐organic frameworks(MOFs)to develop multi‐functional composites and improve their photocatalytic properties.However,the high interfacial energy barrier limits the formation and nano‐assembly of the heterogeneous junctions between MOFs and metal sulphides.Herein,the heterostructured Zr‐MOF‐S@CdS are successfully constructed through a sequential synthesis method,in which the mesoporous Zr‐MOF are firstly decorated with thioglycolic acid through pore functionalization,and followed by the S^(2-)anion exchange process resulting in the surface close attached growth of CdS onto Zr‐MOF‐S materials.Due to the presence of molecules linkers,the CdS can be precisely decorated onto Zr‐MOF‐S without aggregation,which can provide more active sites.Moreover,the intimate connections and the suitable band structures between two materials can also facilitate the photogenerated electron‐hole pairs separation.Therefore,the resulting Zr‐MOF‐S@CdS with appropriate ratio exhibits high photocatalytic activity for water reduction,in which the H_(2) evolution rate can reach up to 1861.7μmol·g^(‒1)·h^(‒1),4.5 times higher than pure CdS and 2.3 times higher than of Zr‐MOF/CdS,respectively.Considering the promising future of MOF‐based photocatalysts,this work may provide an avenue for the further design and synthesis MOF‐based composite photocatalysts for efficient H_(2) evolution.

Metal-organic frameworks MOF-808-X as highly efficient catalysts for direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from CO_2 and methanol

A series of metal-organic frameworks MOF-808-X(6-connected)were synthesized by regulating the ZrOCl2·8H2O/1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid(BTC)molar ratio(X)and tested for the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate(DMC)from CO2 and CH3OH with 1,1,1-trimethoxymethane(TMM)as a dehydrating agent.The effect of the ZrOCl2·8H2O/BTC molar ratio on the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of MOF-808-X was investigated.Results showed that a proper ZrOCl2·8H2O/BTC molar ratio during MOF-808-X synthesis was fairly important to reduce the redundant BTC or zirconium clusters trapped in the micropores of MOF-808-X.MOF-808-4,with almost no redundant BTC or zirconium clusters trapped in the micropores,exhibited the largest surface area,micropore size,and the number of acidic-basic sites,and consequently showed the best activity among all MOF-808-X,with the highest DMC yield of 21.5% under the optimal reaction conditions.Moreover,benefiting from the larger micropore size,MOF-808-4 outperformed our previously reported UiO-66-24(12-connected),which had even more acidic-basic sites and larger surface area than MOF-808-4,mainly because the larger micropore size of MOF-808-4 provided higher accessibility for the reactant to the active sites located in the micropores.Furthermore,a possible reaction mechanism over MOF-808-4 was proposed based on the in situ FT-IR results.The effects of different reaction parameters on DMC formation and the reusability of MOF-808-X were also studied.

In vitro biodegradability and biocompatibility of porous Mg-Zn scaffolds coated with nano hydroxyapatite via pulse electrodeposition

The biodegradability and biocompatibility of porous Mg-2Zn（mass fraction, %） scaffolds coated with nano hydroxyapatite（HAP） were investigated. The nano HAP coating on Mg-2Zn scaffolds was prepared by the pulse electrodeposition method. The as-deposited scaffolds were then post-treated with alkaline solution to improve the biodegradation behavior and biocompatibility for implant applications. The microstructure and composition of scaffold and nano HAP coating, as well as their degradation and cytotoxicity behavior in simulated body fluid（SBF） were investigated. The post-treated coating is composed of needle-like HAP with the diameter less than 100 nm developed almost perpendicularly to the substrate, which exhibits a similar composition to natural bone. It is found that the products of immersion in SBF are identified to be HAP,（Ca,Mg）3（PO4）2 and Mg（OH）2. The bioactivity, biocompatibility and cell viabilities for the as-coated and post-treated scaffold extracts are higher than those for the uncoated scaffold. MG63 cells are found to adhere and proliferate on the surface of the as-coated and post-treated scaffolds, making it a promising choice for medical application. The results show that the pulse electrodeposition of nano HAP coating and alkaline treatment is a useful approach to improve the biodegradability and bioactivity of porous Mg-Zn scaffolds.

Influence of Functional Groups and Modification Sites of Metal-Organic Frameworks on CO2/CH4 Separation:A Monte Carlo Simulation Study

In order to explore the influence of modification sites of functional groups on landfill gas （CO2/CH4） separation performance of metal-organic frameworks （MOFs）, six types of or- ganic linkers and three types of functional groups （i.e. -F, -NH2, -CH3） were used to construct 36 MOFs of pcu topology based on copper paddlewheel. Grand canonical Monte Carlo sim- ulations were performed in this work to evaluate the separation performance of MOFs at low （vacuum swing adsorption） and high （pressure swing adsorption） pressures, respectively. Simulation results demonstrated that CO2 working capacity of the unfunctionalized MOFs generally exhibits pore-size dependence at 1 bar, which increases with the decrease in pore sizes. It was also found that -NH2 funetionalized MOFs exhibit the highest CO2 uptake due to the enhanced Coulombic interactions between the polar -NH2 groups and the quadrupole moment of CO2 molecules, which is followed by -CH3 and -F functionalized ones. Moreover, positioning the functional groups -NH2 and -CH3 at sites far from the metal node （site b） exhibits more significant enhancement on CO2/CH4 separation performance compared to that adjacent to the metal node （site a）.

爆破放顶技术在坚硬顶板综采面的应用

顶板管理是煤矿安全生产的重要难题,坚硬顶板管理更是难上加难。俄霍布拉克煤矿开采的1#煤顶板就属于坚硬顶板,该矿通过1#煤1110回采面两道实施长孔结合架后浅孔爆破强制放顶技术,实现了工作面安全放顶,简化了回采工艺,提升了矿井本质安全水平。