基于孔隙分形特征的水泥基毛细吸力预测模型

为深入理解水泥基毛细吸力与含水量的关系,采用分形几何学方法和毛细管理论提出了考虑孔隙分形特征的水泥基毛细吸力预测模型。该模型通过建立分形模型参数与试样配合比的拟合关系,实现了不同配合比水泥基毛细吸力的快速预测。基于相对湿度法开展了水泥基孔径分布测量验证试验,结果表明:不同配合比(水、灰、砂)水泥基试样孔隙均具有明显分形特性,可用Menger海绵体分形模型较好描述;毛细吸力模型预测结果与验证试验测试结果的偏差主要集中在±20%以内,模型可以较为准确地预测水泥基毛细吸力与含水量的关系。

混凝土孔隙分形特征与氯离子渗透理论研究

混凝土内部孔隙的空间分布特征及形貌直接影响氯离子渗透性的大小,在已有混凝土的孔隙分形特征与氯离子渗透理论的研究基础上,通过构建混凝土分形毛细管束与大孔模型,并结合Katz-Thompson渗透理论方程和Byung hwan oha有效氯离子渗透系数方程,提出了考虑混凝土孔隙分形特征的氯离子渗透性方程。

超硫酸盐渍土固化强度及冻融特性试验研究

地基强度不足和盐–冻胀破坏是导致盐渍土地区渠道衬砌结构发生破坏的主要原因。为解决盐渍土强度不足的问题,降低盐渍土对环境温度的敏感性,首先,开展联合固化剂对超硫酸盐渍土强度的影响研究,并结合微观测试结果分析,构建联合固化剂掺量与强度之间的关系,对固化效果作出评价;其次,借助压汞试验对微观孔结构进行分析;最后,通过冻融循环试验揭示盐–冻胀力及盐–冻胀量的变化规律。结果表明:固化盐渍土强度增长效果显著,水化产物增强了盐渍土颗粒间的胶结作用。当联合固化剂掺量从0增加至30%时,固化盐渍土的孔隙率逐渐降低,孔径从超大孔向中小微孔演变;模型计算得到的分形维数逐渐增大,其中,Menger海绵模型与Neimark模型表现为多尺度分形,在中孔隙(0.1μm≤孔径<1.0μm)范围分形特征不明显,由热力学模型计算得到的分形维数DT在合理区间2.824~2.849变化,很好地表征了孔隙表面的分形特征。冻融循环10次后,相较未固化盐渍土,固化盐渍土盐–冻胀量削减了117%;盐渍土盐–冻胀力波动范围随冻融次数的增加而逐渐增加,固化盐渍土盐–冻胀力转变为周期性衰减,掺入的联合固化剂有效弱化了盐渍土盐–冻胀力。结合工程实际,建议渠道地基加固中水泥∶粉煤灰∶硅灰∶脱硫石膏质量比为1.00∶1.67∶0.83∶1.00,联合固化剂掺量为30%。

基于核磁共振技术分析骨料粒径对水泥砂浆微观结构的影响

为研究骨料粒径对水泥砂浆微观结构的影响,采用核磁共振(NMR)设备和BRS-Ⅱ型脉冲孔渗测定仪测试了骨料分别为标准砂和机制砂(粒径分别为1.25~2.50 mm、2.50~5.00 mm、5.00~10.00 mm)的标准柱状水泥砂浆试件的T_(2)谱、核磁共振成像硬脉冲一维频率编码技术(GR序列)和渗透率,探究了骨料粒径对水泥砂浆试件孔径分布、渗透率、孔隙度、迂曲度、孔隙结构分形特征以及孔隙空间分布均匀程度的影响。研究结果表明:标准砂试件的等效平均孔隙半径及孔隙度最小,等效平均孔隙半径随骨料粒径的增大先减小后增大,而骨料粒径与迂曲度呈负相关关系,与渗透率、孔隙度以及毛细孔分形维数呈正相关关系。另外,随着骨料粒径增加,试件孔隙空间分布不均匀程度显著增大,骨料粒径对水泥砂浆孔隙空间分布影响明显。

Fractal desulfurization kinetics of high-sulfur coal

The pore structure characteristics of high-sulfur coal from Wansheng in Chongqing have been studied by a nitrogen adsorption method （BET）. The effects of grinding and pre-treating with nitric acid on the inorganic sulfur content of coal have been investigated. Organic sulfur in coal pretreated with nitric acid was desulfurized by using propylene-glycol-KOH （PG-KOH）. Fractal kinetic properties of these two desulfurization procedures were investigated by using fractal geometric theory. The results show that both the specific surface area and pore volume increased with the decrease in particle diameter. The microspore surface of coal had fractal characteristics; the fractal dimension was 2.48. The sulfur content decreased with the decrease in particle diameter by grinding. After pretreatment with nitric acid, the desulfurization ratio （DFR） of inorganic sulfur increased to over 99% and the DFR of total sulfur to over 70%. The desulfurization procedure of inorganic sulfur had fractal kinetic characteristics; its reactive frac- tal dimension was 2.94. The organic sulfur desulfurization procedure by PG-KOH was also tallied with fractal kinetic properties; the reactive fracta! dimension was 2.57. The effect of temperature on the desul- furization ratio of organic sulfur can be described with an Arrhenius empirical equation. The rate constant, pre-exponential factor and the activation energy of the reaction increased with the decrease in particle diameter.