The Mg2+/Li+/Cl solutions were filtrated with a commercially available DK nanofiltration membrane to investigate the possibility to enrich the lithium component.The investigation was significant as such an approach mi...The Mg2+/Li+/Cl solutions were filtrated with a commercially available DK nanofiltration membrane to investigate the possibility to enrich the lithium component.The investigation was significant as such an approach might be a competing substitute for the present lithium purification industry and the environmental protection purpose.The Donnan steric pore model(DSPM) was implemented for the prediction.The separation of Mg2+/Li+was mainly affected by the working pressure(or the permeation flux) and a limiting separation factor was found around 0.31.The effective membrane charge density was evaluated and its dependence on the permeation flux as well as the ion pattern was discussed.For predicting an actual separation of electrolytes,the experimental investigation seems necessary for the reliability and efficiency.展开更多
Grain composition of debris flow varies considerably from fluid to deposit, making it uncertain to estimate flow properties （e.g., density, velocity and discharge） using deposit as done in practice. Tracing the vari...Grain composition of debris flow varies considerably from fluid to deposit, making it uncertain to estimate flow properties （e.g., density, velocity and discharge） using deposit as done in practice. Tracing the variation of grain composition is thus more important than estimating some certain properties of flow because every debris flow event consists of a series of surges that are distinct in properties and flow regimes. We find that the materials of debris flows, both the fluid and the source soils, satisfy a universal grain size distribution （GSD） in a form of P （D） = CD-zexp（-D/Dc）, where the parameters C, p and De are determined by fitting the function to the grain size frequency. A small At implies a small porosity and possible high excess pore pressure in flow; and a large D~ means a wide range of grain composition and hence a high sediment concentration. Flow density increases as 11 decreases or Dc increases, in a power law form. A debris flow always achieves a state of certain mobility and density that can be well described by the coupling of p and Dc, which imposes a constraint on the fluctuations of flow surges. The GSD also describes the changes in grain composition in that it is always satisfied during the course of debris flow developing. Numerical simulation using the GSD can well illustrate the variation ofμ and Dc from source soils to deposits.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （20576052） the Joint Innovation Fund of Jiangsu Province （BY2009107）
文摘The Mg2+/Li+/Cl solutions were filtrated with a commercially available DK nanofiltration membrane to investigate the possibility to enrich the lithium component.The investigation was significant as such an approach might be a competing substitute for the present lithium purification industry and the environmental protection purpose.The Donnan steric pore model(DSPM) was implemented for the prediction.The separation of Mg2+/Li+was mainly affected by the working pressure(or the permeation flux) and a limiting separation factor was found around 0.31.The effective membrane charge density was evaluated and its dependence on the permeation flux as well as the ion pattern was discussed.For predicting an actual separation of electrolytes,the experimental investigation seems necessary for the reliability and efficiency.
基金supported by the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.KZZD-EW-05-01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41471011)the Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,China
文摘Grain composition of debris flow varies considerably from fluid to deposit, making it uncertain to estimate flow properties （e.g., density, velocity and discharge） using deposit as done in practice. Tracing the variation of grain composition is thus more important than estimating some certain properties of flow because every debris flow event consists of a series of surges that are distinct in properties and flow regimes. We find that the materials of debris flows, both the fluid and the source soils, satisfy a universal grain size distribution （GSD） in a form of P （D） = CD-zexp（-D/Dc）, where the parameters C, p and De are determined by fitting the function to the grain size frequency. A small At implies a small porosity and possible high excess pore pressure in flow; and a large D~ means a wide range of grain composition and hence a high sediment concentration. Flow density increases as 11 decreases or Dc increases, in a power law form. A debris flow always achieves a state of certain mobility and density that can be well described by the coupling of p and Dc, which imposes a constraint on the fluctuations of flow surges. The GSD also describes the changes in grain composition in that it is always satisfied during the course of debris flow developing. Numerical simulation using the GSD can well illustrate the variation ofμ and Dc from source soils to deposits.
