油缸孔隙式粘滞阻尼器理论与性能试验

首先研究了双出杆油缸孔隙式粘滞阻尼器的构造，讨论了不同类型粘滞流体的特性；然后，在幂律流体本构关系的基础上，建立了相应粘滞阻尼器阻尼力计算模型；设计制作了一个油缸孔隙式粘滞阻尼器，并进行了详细的性能试验，通过试验结果的统计分析。

孔隙式隔振系统非线性阻尼特性

针对舰载设备隔振系统中双出杆液压孔隙式粘滞阻尼器阻尼力的非线性问题,建立了考虑油液压缩性的隔振系统数学模型,提出了基于AMESIM仿真试验确定隔振系统阻尼力的方法,依据仿真得到的系统压力确定了阻尼力流动指数并验证了流动指数取值的合理性.搭建隔振系统的试验装置,利用通过冲击试验获得的隔振系统位移和加速度响应验证隔振系统数学模型的准确性.结果表明,数学模型仿真和冲击试验结果误差在6%以内,为液压阻尼器非牛顿流体阻尼力的计算提供了有效、快捷的途径.

孔隙式黏滞阻尼器的力学特性研究

基于双出杆孔隙式黏滞阻尼器的力-位移曲线偏转现象及时程曲线的相位滞后现象,在考虑二甲基硅油剪切稀化特性和可压缩性的条件下,建立了黏滞阻尼器的速度-负载特性数学模型,通过MATLAB-Simulink模拟了黏滞阻尼器在正弦位移激励信号下的力学特性。研究结果表明,二甲基硅油的剪切稀化特性直接决定了黏滞阻尼器的输出阻尼力,而可压缩性则是导致黏滞阻尼器力-位移曲线发生偏转的主要原因,试验结果证明了该结论的正确性。

孔隙式粘滞阻尼器的滞回曲线偏转特性研究

以双出杆式孔隙式粘滞阻尼器为例,在考虑介质压缩性的基础上,建立阻尼器的阻尼力计算模型。采用MATLAB-Simulink模型模拟了阻尼器在正弦位移激励信号下的运动情况,详细分析了阻尼器运行时的阻尼特性,仿真结果表明阻尼介质的体积弹性模量是影响负载-位移滞回曲线偏转的关键因素。使用阻尼器样机在不同工况下进行试验,试验结果与理论计算结果吻合良好,表明建立的阻尼力理论计算模型可以很好的预测阻尼器的力学性能,介质的可压缩性是影响滞回曲线偏转的关键因素。

早期碳酸盐胶结作用对恩平凹陷珠江组砂岩孔隙演化模式的影响

珠江口盆地恩平凹陷的碎屑岩储层中存在早期碳酸盐胶结,为分析胶结作用对储层孔隙演化的影响,以便为储层预测提供依据,采用普通薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、压汞等分析方法,结合岩石物性研究和测井解释结果,分析了该区古近纪珠江组早期碳酸盐胶结砂岩的孔喉特征,发现基底式胶结的钙质砂岩,表现为"悬浮砂"结构,主要为低孔隙度、低渗透率储层;而孔隙式胶结的钙质砂岩,其渗透率一般超过100mD,平均孔喉半径大于15μm,为高孔隙度、高渗透率储层。在分析珠江组主要成岩作用类型的基础上,探讨了早期碳酸盐胶结作用对储层孔隙演化模式的影响,发现由于碳酸盐含量的不同,其影响具有双重性:①基底式胶结的钙质砂岩一般坚硬致密,难以被溶蚀改造,孔喉不发育;②孔隙式胶结利于原生孔隙保存和次生孔隙形成,其胶结的钙质砂岩在后期酸性流体溶蚀作用下可以产生特大溶孔,形成高孔、高渗储层。结论认为:该区早期碳酸盐胶结的海相砂岩,抗压实能力较强,在酸性流体作用下具备形成优质储层的潜能。

用于四连杆下假肢的孔隙结合式磁流变液阻尼器设计

磁流变液阻尼器具有阻尼可控、能耗低、对外界激励响应快等特点,因此基于磁流变液阻尼器的下假肢成为目前假肢应用领域的研究热点。现有磁流变液阻尼器体积较大且笨重,而且初始阻尼力较大,用于下假肢膝关节时无法对人体步态进行良好地模拟,从而降低了人体运动过程中的步态质量和患者的舒适程度。因此,提出一种应用在下假肢膝关节的孔隙结合式磁流变液阻尼器,孔隙结合式磁流变液阻尼器响应快、模拟出的步态拟人性强、结构轻巧、易更换、使用寿命长且价格低廉,可满足截肢患者对假肢的性能及外观要求。

钢弦式孔隙水压力计计量检定装置研究

钢弦式孔隙水压力计在水运工程领域应用广泛,其测量数值的准确度对水运工程质量有较大的影响。钢弦式孔隙水压力计是孔隙水压力计中社会保有量最大、应用最广泛的一种。新建钢弦式孔隙水压力计计量检定装置,可以有效解决水运工程领域钢弦式孔隙水压力计的量值溯源问题,成为水运工程计量体系的重要组成部分。文章给出了钢弦式孔隙水压力计进行检定/校准时所需计量检定装置的组成、工作过程及其主要计量标准的技术要求和试验。同时阐述了钢弦式孔隙水压力计传感器的方框图、工作原理和性能测试,文章最后对钢弦式孔隙水压力计计检定装置的示值误差、测量结果的不确定度进行评定,可以有效解决水运工程领域钢弦式孔隙水压力计的量值溯源问题。

数值波浪水槽中的斜坡式孔隙结构规则波消波研究

基于Flow3D的有限差分求解程序、RNGκ-ε模型、VOF自由表面跟踪法建立了二维数值波浪水槽模型,模型开边界处采用斜坡式孔隙结构结合Sommerfeld辐射边界条件对波浪进行吸收处理。通过采用入反射波分离方法,得到水槽中的波浪反射系数,定量分析影响孔隙结构消波效果的参数,得到最优参数组合。经验证,数值波浪水槽中具备最优消波参数组合的斜坡孔隙结构结合Sommerfeld条件对于规则波具有较好的消波效果。

新疆库车盆地滴水沟砂岩型铜矿矿化特征研究

库车盆地位于南天山构造带和塔里木盆地之间,在大地构造单元上属于塔里木盆地。盆地内主要发育南北两大构造带,即北部的克拉苏-依其克里克构造(背斜)带和南部的秋里塔格构造(背斜)带。在这些线状背斜构造带第三系含膏盐、红色-杂色碎屑岩发育部位分布有众多砂岩铜矿点,如:滴水沟、阿捷克、乔克马克、巴西克其克、黑孜、库兰康等。本研究主要对滴水沟砂岩型铜矿点及铜矿化现象进行了调查研究,主要对研究区铜矿体分布特征、沉积状态及与围岩穿插关系进行了实地调查。

长大纵坡的沥青路面受力研究

长大纵坡沥青路面常见的典型病害类型是车辙和水损害。为研究我国华南地区长大纵坡沥青路面在高温下的力学性能,以广乐高速为案例,采用有限元方法对广乐高速工可阶段三种典型路面结构进行了压应变和最大剪应力分析,最终得出3层高模量沥青路面结构有利于提高沥青路面的抗车辙和抗剪切能力。同时,针对重载下坡沥青路面,提出采用OGFC作为磨耗层可有效减少坑槽等水损害的发生。

排水性沥青路面设计与施工

结合某重丘区高速公路工程,阐述了排水性沥青路面结构设计、混合料配合比设计,介绍了排水性沥青路面的施工技术;该高速公路通车1年的观测结果表明,该排水性沥青路面各项质量检测指标均满足规定要求。

Model building for Chang-8 low permeability sandstone reservoir in the Yanchang formation of the Xifeng oil field

In order to build a model for the Chang-8 low permeability sandstone reservoir in the Yanchang formation of the Xifeng oil field,we studied sedimentation and diagenesis of sandstone and analyzed major factors controlling this low permeability reservoir.By doing so,we have made clear that the spatial distribution of reservoir attribute parameters is controlled by the spatial distribution of various kinds of sandstone bodies.By taking advantage of many coring wells and high quality logging data,we used regression analysis for a single well with geological conditions as constraints,to build the interpretation model for logging data and to calculate attribute parameters for a single well,which ensured accuracy of the 1-D vertical model.On this basis,we built a litho-facies model to replace the sedimentary facies model.In addition,we also built a porosity model by using a sequential Gaussian simulation with the lithofacies model as the constraint.In the end,we built a permeability model by using Markov-Bayes simula-tion,with the porosity attribute as the covariate.The results show that the permeability model reflects very well the relative differences between low permeability values,which is of great importance for locating high permeability zones and forecasting zones favorable for exploration and exploitation.

Resistivity response to the porosity and permeability of low rank coal

Laojunmiao coal samples from the eastern Junggar basin were studied to understand the relationship between coal resistivity and the physical parameters of coal reservoirs under high temperatures and pressures.Specifically,we analysed the relationship of coal resistivity to porosity and permeability via heating and pressurization experiments.The results indicated that coal resistivity decreases exponentially with increasing pressure.Increasing the temperature decreases the resistivity.The sensitivity of coal resistivity to the confining pressure is worse when the temperature is higher.The resistivity of dry coal samples was linearly related to φ~m.Increasing the temperature decreased the cementation exponent(m).Increasing the confining pressure exponentially decreases the porosity.Decreasing the pressure increases the resistivity and porosity for a constant temperature.Increasing the temperature yields a quadratic relationship between the resistivity and permeability for a constant confining pressure.Based on the Archie formula,we obtained the coupling relationship between coal resistivity and permeability for Laojunmiao coal samples at different temperatures and confining pressures.

Responses of wind-induced internal pressure in a two-compartment building with a dominant opening and background porosity Part 1:Theoretical formulation and experimental verification

The equations governing wind-induced internal pressure responses for a two-compartment building with a dominant opening and background porosity were derived.The unsteady form of the Bernoulli equation,the law of mass conservation,and adiabatic equation were used for the derivation.The precision of the governing equations was verified by a wind tunnel test on a rigid model of a low-rise building.The results show that the governing equations can effectively analyze the wind-induced internal pressure responses.The internal pressure responses in both compartments are suppressed due to the additional damping provided by background porosity.The responses of internal pressure in both compartments,especially in the compartment without an external opening,decrease with increased lumped leakage area.

排水沥青混合料PA-10性能试验研究

大孔隙沥青路面能减少雨水天气路面积水,保障行车安全。文中对PA-10细粒式大孔隙沥青路面展开研究,利用PA-10沥青混合料多孔特点降低路面噪声,同时加快路面积水排放。通过控制关键筛孔通过率调整混合料空隙率,利用析漏、飞散试验确定不同空隙率混合料最佳油石比,对不同空隙率PA-10混合料进行高温稳定性、低温抗开裂、抗水损害、排水及抗滑等路用性能研究。结果表明,空隙率为20%时,混合料高温抗车辙能力最优;空隙率为17%时,混合料抗水损害及低温抗开裂能力最优;空隙率为23%时,混合料排水及抗滑能力最优。

Consolidation analysis of composite foundation with partially penetrated cement fly-ash gravel(CFG) piles under changing permeable boundary conditions

Based on the double-layered foundation theory, the composite ground with partially penetrated cement fly-ash gravel(CFG) piles was regarded as a double-layered foundation including the surface reinforced area and the underlying untreated stratum. Due to the changing permeability property of CFG piles, the whole consolidation process of the composite ground with CFG piles was divided into two stages, i.e., the early stage(permeable CFG pile bodies) and the later stage(impermeable pile bodies). Then, the consolidation equation of the composite foundation with CFG piles was established by using the Terzaghi one-dimensional consolidation theory. Consequently, the unified formula to calculate the excess pore water pressure was derived with the specific solutions for the consolidation degree of composite ground, reinforced area and underlying stratum under instant load obtained respectively. Finally, combined with a numerical example, influencing rules by main factors(including the replacement rate m, the treatment depth h1, the permeability coefficient Ks1, Kv2 and compression modulus Es1, Es2 of reinforced area and underlying stratum) on the consolidation property of composite ground with CFG piles were discussed in detail. The result shows that the consolidation velocity of underlying stratum is slower than that of the reinforced area. However, the consolidation velocity of underlying stratum is slow at first then fast as a result of the transferring of effective stress to the underlying stratum during the dissipating process of excess pore water pressure.

Stress characteristics of surrounding rocks for inner water exosmosis in high-pressure hydraulic tunnels

Seepage and stress redistribution are the main factors affecting the stability of surrounding rock in high-pressure hydraulic tunnels.In this work,the effects of the seepage field were firstly simplified as a seepage factor acting on the stress field,and the equilibrium equation of high pressure inner water exosmosis was established based on physical theory.Then,the plane strain theory was used to solve the problem of elasticity,and the analytic expression of surrounding rock stress was obtained.On the basis of criterion of Norway,the influences of seepage,pore water pressure and buried depth on the characteristics of the stress distribution of surrounding rocks were studied.The analyses show that the first water-filling plays a decisive role in the stability of the surrounding rock; the influence of seepage on the stress field around the tunnel is the greatest,and the change of the seepage factor is approximately consistent with the logarithm divergence.With the effects of the rock pore water pressure,the circumferential stress shows the exchange between large and small,but the radial stress does not.Increasing the buried depth can enhance the arching effect of the surrounding rock,thus improving the stability.

Study on water saturation computation models in complex pore volcanic reservoir

Determination of water saturation is important for reservoir evaluation. When complex pore structures such as fracture and cavity are present in reservoir, Archie equation is no longer suitable. According to different models of pore structure division, the authors studied water saturation conlputation models. The results show that dual porosity system is divided into four models. The first model is based on dual laterolog, the second is Dual Porosity I , the third is Dual Porosity Ⅱ , and the last one is based on the conductive pore. Besides, the triple porosity system is triple porosity model. Compute water saturation was using all the above five models in volcanic reservoir in Songnan gas field. The triple porosity system is the most suitable model for water saturation computation in complex pore structure volcanic reservoir.

Soil Disturbance from Different Mechanised Harvesting in Hill Tropical Forest, Peninsular Malaysia

The impacts of mechanised forest harvesting to soil physical properties are the major concern by forest managers, which have the potential to impact soil sustainability and forest productivity. Malaysia is practicing reduce impact logging （RIL） and applying code of forest harvest practice in forest harvesting and operations for sustainable forest resources management. In 2001, a machinery called Rimbaka Timber Harvester R2020-A was introduced for timber extraction for peat swamp forest and later on the machine was introduced to the hill tropical forest as an alternative to other machines. The study aimed to evaluate soil compaction （soil cone index, soil bulk density, soil moisture content and soil pore space） by Rimbaka Timber Harvester R2020-A and crawler tractor KOMATSU D60-A. A total of five samples were randomly taken using core sampler of 50 mm height and 50 mm diameter at the beneath a lug imprint for passes 1, 4 and 8. Altogether samples were 45. The locations of sample were to the fight and left of each rut centre for both machines. Treatment effects were evaluated using analysis of variance （ANOVA）. Result showed that compaction by Rimbaka machine was increased bulk density from 1.14 to 1.43 g/cc, cone index from 1.94 to 3.45 g/cm3 decreased total pore space by 43% and decreased soil moisture content by 19%. Meanwhile compaction by KOMATSU D60-A was increased bulk density from 1.2 to 1.43 g/co, cone index from 1.24 to 1.94 g/cm3 decreased soil moisture content by 11% and total pore space by 6%, respectively. The value increased rapidly as more passes increase on the track surface. The higher soil disturbance by Rimbaka machine was due to physical design and specification of the machine. This study also observed that there was significant difference in the total passes of machinery used in harvesting operation. Although Rimbaka machine is showing more effected to soil compaction, the machine is a practical alternative to avoid skid trail and reduce road density in forest area.