Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) is a new access method to achieve high performance gains in terms of capacity and throughput, so it is currently under consideration as one of the candidates for fifth generation(5...Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) is a new access method to achieve high performance gains in terms of capacity and throughput, so it is currently under consideration as one of the candidates for fifth generation(5 G) technologies. NOMA utilizes power domain in order to superimpose signals of multiple users in a single transmitted signal. This creates a lot of interference at the receive side. Although the use of successive interference cancellation(SIC) technique reduces the interference, but to further improve the receiver performance, in this paper, we have proposed a joint Walsh-Hadamard transform(WHT) and NOMA approach for achieving better performance gains than the conventional NOMA. WHT is a well-known code used in communication systems and is used as an orthogonal variable spreading factor(OVSF) in communication systems. Application of WHT to NOMA results in low bit error rate(BER) and high throughput performance for both low and high channel gain users. Further, it also reduces peak to average power ratio(PAPR) of the user signal. The results are discussed in terms of comparison between the conventionalNOMA and the proposed technique, which shows that it offers high performance gains in terms of low BER at different SNR levels, reduced PAPR, high user throughput performance and better spectral efficiency.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to explore the degradation law and trend of artificial grassland. [Method] Taking the ryegrass (Lolium perenne) - white clover ( Trifolium repens) artificial grassland in Maiping Townsh...[Objective] The study aimed to explore the degradation law and trend of artificial grassland. [Method] Taking the ryegrass (Lolium perenne) - white clover ( Trifolium repens) artificial grassland in Maiping Township, Guizhou Province as the research object, the grassland vegetation of 40 quadrate from different areas (area around the sheep shed, hilltop, hillside, flatland at the foot of the hill) were analyzed by comparing the dominance and richness index. [ Result] Degradation of different degrees appeared in various areas of this artificial grassland. To be specific, the degradation of grassland around the sheep shed was not serious for less consumption by the sheep; however, the areas on the hilltop and hillside degenerated to the grassland types of dallis grass ( Paspalum dilatatum Poir. ) -Indian lovegrass ( Eragrostis pilosa) and dallis grass - cogongrass [ Imperata cylindrica ( Linn. ) Beauv. ], respectively, and the area at the foot of the hill degenerated to the grassland type dominated by garland chrysanthetnum ( Chrysanthemum coronarium L. ) and knotgrass ( Paspalum distichum L. ). [ Conclusion ] This study provided a basis for grassland improvement as well as the efficient and sustainable utilization of grazing-type artificial grassland in South China.展开更多
A Hyperbolic Tangent multi-valued Bi-directional Associative Memory (HTBAM) model is proposed in this letter. Two general energy functions are defined to prove the stability of one class of multi-valued Bi-directional...A Hyperbolic Tangent multi-valued Bi-directional Associative Memory (HTBAM) model is proposed in this letter. Two general energy functions are defined to prove the stability of one class of multi-valued Bi-directional Associative Mernorys(BAMs), with HTBAM being the special case. Simulation results show that HTBAM has a competitive storage capacity and much more error-correcting capability than other multi-valued BAMs.展开更多
In this paper, different electrical measurement and operation methods of resistive random access memory (RRAM) have been summarized, including voltage sweeping mode (VSM), current sweeping mode (CSM), co lstant ...In this paper, different electrical measurement and operation methods of resistive random access memory (RRAM) have been summarized, including voltage sweeping mode (VSM), current sweeping mode (CSM), co lstant current stress (CCS), constant voltage stress (CVS), rectangular pulse mode (RPM), and triangle pulse mode (TPM). Meanwhile, the effects of these meas- urement methods on the forming, set, reset and read operation as well as endurance performance have been compared. Finally, their respective controllability of various resistive switching parameters have been summar zeal and analyzed.展开更多
This paper is a complement and extension of the theory of generalized tautology which was first proposed by Wang Guojun in revised Kleene system, Some interesting results are obtained: (i) accessibleα +-tautology and...This paper is a complement and extension of the theory of generalized tautology which was first proposed by Wang Guojun in revised Kleene system, Some interesting results are obtained: (i) accessibleα +-tautology and generalized contradiction which are dual theory to generalized tautology have been introduced; (ii) congruence partition about—has been given in logic system $\bar W$ ,W k ; (iii) in logic systemW k , tautologies can be obtained by employing the upgrade algorithm at most $\left[ {\frac{{k + 1}}{2}} \right]$ times to an arbitrary formula; (iv) in logic system $\bar W(W)$ , tautologies cannot be obtained by employing upgrade algorithm to non-tautologies within finitely many times; (v) the deduction rule $\left( {\left[ {\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)^ + } \right] - MP} \right)$ holds in logic system $\bar W(W)$ .展开更多
基金supported by Priority Research Centers Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2018R1A6A1A03024003)
文摘Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) is a new access method to achieve high performance gains in terms of capacity and throughput, so it is currently under consideration as one of the candidates for fifth generation(5 G) technologies. NOMA utilizes power domain in order to superimpose signals of multiple users in a single transmitted signal. This creates a lot of interference at the receive side. Although the use of successive interference cancellation(SIC) technique reduces the interference, but to further improve the receiver performance, in this paper, we have proposed a joint Walsh-Hadamard transform(WHT) and NOMA approach for achieving better performance gains than the conventional NOMA. WHT is a well-known code used in communication systems and is used as an orthogonal variable spreading factor(OVSF) in communication systems. Application of WHT to NOMA results in low bit error rate(BER) and high throughput performance for both low and high channel gain users. Further, it also reduces peak to average power ratio(PAPR) of the user signal. The results are discussed in terms of comparison between the conventionalNOMA and the proposed technique, which shows that it offers high performance gains in terms of low BER at different SNR levels, reduced PAPR, high user throughput performance and better spectral efficiency.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R & D Program(2006BAD16B07) Fund of Science and Technology in Guizhou Province ([2008]2074)~~
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to explore the degradation law and trend of artificial grassland. [Method] Taking the ryegrass (Lolium perenne) - white clover ( Trifolium repens) artificial grassland in Maiping Township, Guizhou Province as the research object, the grassland vegetation of 40 quadrate from different areas (area around the sheep shed, hilltop, hillside, flatland at the foot of the hill) were analyzed by comparing the dominance and richness index. [ Result] Degradation of different degrees appeared in various areas of this artificial grassland. To be specific, the degradation of grassland around the sheep shed was not serious for less consumption by the sheep; however, the areas on the hilltop and hillside degenerated to the grassland types of dallis grass ( Paspalum dilatatum Poir. ) -Indian lovegrass ( Eragrostis pilosa) and dallis grass - cogongrass [ Imperata cylindrica ( Linn. ) Beauv. ], respectively, and the area at the foot of the hill degenerated to the grassland type dominated by garland chrysanthetnum ( Chrysanthemum coronarium L. ) and knotgrass ( Paspalum distichum L. ). [ Conclusion ] This study provided a basis for grassland improvement as well as the efficient and sustainable utilization of grazing-type artificial grassland in South China.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60271017)
文摘A Hyperbolic Tangent multi-valued Bi-directional Associative Memory (HTBAM) model is proposed in this letter. Two general energy functions are defined to prove the stability of one class of multi-valued Bi-directional Associative Mernorys(BAMs), with HTBAM being the special case. Simulation results show that HTBAM has a competitive storage capacity and much more error-correcting capability than other multi-valued BAMs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61322408,61221004,61422407,61334007,61474136,61274091,61376112,61306117,61106119,and 61106082)National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CBA00602)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2014AA032900,2013AA030801,2011AA010401 and 2011AA-010402)
文摘In this paper, different electrical measurement and operation methods of resistive random access memory (RRAM) have been summarized, including voltage sweeping mode (VSM), current sweeping mode (CSM), co lstant current stress (CCS), constant voltage stress (CVS), rectangular pulse mode (RPM), and triangle pulse mode (TPM). Meanwhile, the effects of these meas- urement methods on the forming, set, reset and read operation as well as endurance performance have been compared. Finally, their respective controllability of various resistive switching parameters have been summar zeal and analyzed.
文摘This paper is a complement and extension of the theory of generalized tautology which was first proposed by Wang Guojun in revised Kleene system, Some interesting results are obtained: (i) accessibleα +-tautology and generalized contradiction which are dual theory to generalized tautology have been introduced; (ii) congruence partition about—has been given in logic system $\bar W$ ,W k ; (iii) in logic systemW k , tautologies can be obtained by employing the upgrade algorithm at most $\left[ {\frac{{k + 1}}{2}} \right]$ times to an arbitrary formula; (iv) in logic system $\bar W(W)$ , tautologies cannot be obtained by employing upgrade algorithm to non-tautologies within finitely many times; (v) the deduction rule $\left( {\left[ {\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)^ + } \right] - MP} \right)$ holds in logic system $\bar W(W)$ .