论现代汉语的存在语义场

现代汉语的存在语义场由专用词“有”、“在”、“是”和通用词“位于”、“坐落”等组成,他们的分布首先取决于处所词和存在物相对于动词的前后顺序,然后取决于处所词和存在物的语义属性,诸如处所的[+周遍性]、[+抽象]、[+容纳],存在物的[+有定]、[+生命性]、[+移动性]等。现代汉语的存在语义场内各成员构成一个分层互补的体系。

“有”字句的历时考察和横向比较

汉语中的"有"字出现在不同的句法环境中,表现出诸如存在、领有、充当不定名词标记、表示完成体以及一些固定用法(如"有意思"、"有主见")等不同的意义和用法。这些意义和用法,有的一直存在,有的是后来出现的。本文通过历时上的梳理以及跨方言和跨语言的检视,考察和论证这些不同意义和用法之间的必然联系,并在统一的模式下进行解释。"有"字最基本、最核心的意义是表示存在和领有,这两种意义之间有着内在的、必然的联系,其他意义都是在基本义的基础上扩展和延伸出来的。这种基于基本意义的扩展模式,以及它们之间相互联系又相对独立的关系,正是其理据性的表现。

汉语普通话中“有”的原型范畴探究

汉语普通话中的"有"具有多达九个义项,此外近几年还出现了一些所谓不合语法规则的"有+VP"这一语言现象。我们认为这九个义项以及"有"在新产生的一些语言现象中所表示的语法意义并非独立存在的,"有"的"存在"义是"有"的这些语法意义中的原型意义,其他的一些意义是"有"这个词的范畴中的好样本、差样本或者边缘成员。这些语法意义之间具有一定的联系及深刻的认知理据。

Global Soultions and Asymptotic Properties for a Class of Partial Differential Equations

This paper is concerned with the generalzed global solution and its asymptotic properties for the initial value problem of the partial differential equationu t+u x 3 =F(u).

A Remark on Global Existence in H^4 for a Nonlinear Thermoviscoelasticity Equations with Non-monotone Pressure

We consider a one-dimensional continuous model of nutron star, described by a compressible thermoviscoelastic system with a non-monotone equation of state, due to the effective Skyrme nuclear interaction between particles. We will prove that, despite a possible destabilizing influence of the pressure, which is non-monotone and not always positive, the presence of viscosity and a sufficient thermal dissipation describe the global existence of solutions in H^4 with a mixed free boundary problem for our model.

Interaction of Units and Research Methods of Control Performances of Distributed Manufacturing Information System

In order to analyze the function demand of the distributed manufacturing information system as well as its control demand, and eliminate information ambiguity among system units to integrate semantics, the abstract Agent model and computational structure of each unit was presented based on flexible coupling automata. The autonomy of each unit was investigated in this foundation. The system unit was described using the Web Ontology Language (OWL) ontology. And the system semantics was also integrated. On these basics the communication among the system units was analyzed with an example of interaction between a machine and a warehouse. The control performances of information system units were investigated using Boolean matrix as a substitute for traditional process in RW theory, which reduced the computational complexity. This work established the foundation for the demand analysis, design and development of the distributed manufacture information system.

In Quest of＂Answers＂ in the Colonial Sands： A Comparative Study of Waliullah and Camus＇ ＂Absurd＂ Protagonists

Syed Waliullah （1922-1971） and Albert Camus （1913-1960） are two distinct writers from two different continents. These writers have interesting commonness, especially in two of their novels—Chander Amabasya （Night of No Moon）, by Walilullah and The Outsider by Camus. The protagonists in both of these novels, ArifAli and Meursault respectively, suffer from existentialist crisis, mainly fueled by the impacts of the tarnished history of colonialism and the aftermaths. Even though the stories of the these protagonists take place almost halfway round the world in entirely different settings, the impacts and facades of the crisis are strikingly similar. This paper is a comparative study of soul-searching Arif Ali and Meursault.

On the existential freedom of The French Lieutenant＇s Woman

There is no doubt that The French Lieutenant＇s Woman, written by John Fowles, should be among the list of the most controversial, outstanding and distinguished postmodern literary works in 1970s. As a writer greatly influenced by Existentialism, Fowles endows the book tremendous vitality, that is, the vigor of philosophy, which differentiates the work from the other common postmodern ones. This quality is reflected on the theme of freedom to a great extent. In the following part, the author mainly discusses about certain principles of existentialism which yield such great impact on Fowles, and the theme of existentialistic freedom is to be analyzed through the approach of the artful characterization and postmodem writing techniques.

Escaping and Transforming Consciousness, Emotions, and Body

＂Emotion is a specific manner of apprehending the world＂ and transforming the world rather than an ＂accidental modification of a subject who is surrounded by an unchanged world,＂ according to Jean-Paul Sartre. Both Sketch for a Theory of the Emotions and Being and Nothingness set out to investigate these relationships in broadly two ways. One, consciousness of the world of others is experienced through our emotions （anger, fear, shame, and pride for instance） as a body that escapes our grasp in being-seen-by-another. Two, we apprehend the world through our emotions in the process of magical transformation （for example, fear, melancholy, and sadness）. This paper examines emotions on two levels： how we experience our ontological state as being-for-itself-in-itself and being-in-the-world-for-others; and how we conceive emotions as ＂magic＂ changing its relationship with the world ＂so that the world should change its qualities.＂ What is of critical interest here is the relationship between consciousness and emotions. Situating this discussion in the context of Satre＇s critique on psychology, it proceeds to advance his existential psychoanalysis, starting with establishing a place for emotions and concluding with its transformative power to escape their situations.

Man＇ s Interaction With Himself in The Old Man and the Sea With the View of Existentialism

The Old Man and the Sea is Hemingway＇s last important work which is regarded by critics as the summary of his life and his philosophic views on life. The paper attempts to approach the story with the view of existentialism, which flourished at the time when Hemingway began to create this novella. In light of the existentialist views on the relations between being-in-itself and being-for-itself, and existence and essence, the author tends to analyze the interactions of the characters of the story with themselves through the choices they made, which is to be of significance for those who strive to understand Hemingway＇s work and who try to comprehend human beings and themselves.

A Brief View of Practice Ontology Aesthetics in the Context of Contemporary China

In recent years, Practice Ontology Aesthetics takes shape in academic discussion and argument. The introduction of Practice Ontology Aesthetics occurred in the course of introspection of Practice Aesthetics in modem China, in which the existence dimension in Marxist concept of practice was of great significance to breaking the theoretical limitation of present Practice Aesthetics. Therefore, in terms of the distinctive context of Chinese contemporary aesthetics, the introduction of Practice Ontology Aesthetics from the theoretical perspective of Marxist existentialism offers a possible way to break the current aesthetics and represents a multiple academic pursuit of Marxist, Chinese and modem aesthetics.

New Existentialism： The Literary inetto as a Reemerging Prototype in Twenty-First Century Cinema

The new prototype of the inetto, a helpless and impassive character, makes his first appearance near the end of the nineteenth century in Italian literature, continues to gain strength and status throughout the twentieth-century artistic climate （through the existentialist philosophy of Sartre and Camus） and reemerges in contemporary cinema. The present study examines whether there is a gradual exacerbation or overcoming of this psychological disorder across the centuries in the novels and films investigated. Specifically, I offer a comparative analysis of Svevo＇s character Emilio Brentani in Senilitd （1898） and Giuseppe Piceioni＇s Guido in Giulia non esce la sera （Giulia Does Not Date at Night） （2009）. This study will also draw unusual parallels between Schopenhauer, Svevo＇s existentialist philosophy and contemporary cinema.

A Comparative Study of Taoist and Heideggerian Concepts of Nature From Perspectives of Technology and Deep Ecology

With the theory of existentialism, hermeneutics and phenomenology, this paper carries out profound exploration in a comparative study of Heidegger and Taoist＇s concept of nature and the significance of understanding it. It not only plays an important role in comparison and analogy of eastern culture and western culture in the aspect of civilization and cultural communication, but also helps to take advantage of their theories to support the environmental-friendly movement. Moreover, the text also investigates some controversy in this field and how to solve the problems as well as the meaning of solutions. Both of the theories are significant for deep ecology for their opposing modern technology＇s generally reductionistic and materialistic view of nature.

Evaluation of Multistrategy Classifiers for Heterogeneous Ontology Matching On the Semantic Web

On the semantic web, data interoperability and ontology heterogeneity are becoming ever more important issues. To resolve these problems, multiple classification methods can be used to learn the matching between ontologies. The paper uses the general statistic classification method to discover category features in data instances and use the first-order learning algorithm FOIL to exploit the semantic relations among data instances. When using multistrategy learning approach, a central problem is the evaluation of multistrategy classifiers. The goal and the conditions of using multistrategy classifiers within ontology matching are different from the ones for general text classification. This paper describes the combination rule of multiple classifiers called the Best Outstanding Champion, which is suitable for heterogeneous ontology mapping. On the prediction results of individual methods, the method can well accumulate the correct matching of alone classifier. The experiments show that the approach achieves high accuracy on real-world domain.

Out of Absurdity On the Ending of Catch-22

As one of the first and most original creations of literary postmodernism, published in the year 1961, Catch-22＇s （1961） position in American literature remains secure. Yet its ending has been held as unconvincing ever since its publication. Taking the overall structure, tone, and the theme of the novel into consideration, this paper aims to prove the credibility of this controversial part. It consists of five sections apart from an introduction and a conclusion. Section One provides general information on the life and works of Joseph Heller. Section Two traces the impact of existentialism and the generation of black humor to clarify the literary position of Catch-22. Section Three brings out the disputative opinions on the ending part. Sections Four and Five, try to prove Yossarian＇s final desertion a natural and convincing ending from different perspectives： Section Four analyses how Yossarian gains an entropic vision of the cosmos; section Five studies his existential vision of physical life and searches for the immediate factors that propel Yossarian＇s desertion. Section five also explains the ending＇s change in tone and structure. The conclusion summarizes the paper and points out the social significance of the novel.

The History Continues： Reflections About the Theory of the End of History From Francis Fukuyama

Fukuyama＇s thesis about ＂the end of history＂ is controversial. History is not an ideology. History cannot be ended, if by history we mean the past, which we remember and interpret for the purpose of orientating ourselves in the present and the future. Fukuyama has a right to declare the victory of liberal democracy, but other political ideologies have not become extinct. If we look at the thesis of the ＂end of history＂ from a scientific point of view, then we can conclude that such a thing is impossible： for after the ＂end of history＂, history continues. Therefore, there is no real end to history. It is continuing a quarter of a century after the Fukyama＇s thesis was published. Even if we can accept the thesis of the end of history as an ideology, we still cannot accept the end of philosophy. Phenomenology, Critical Realism, Existentialist Philosophy Hermeneutics, Structuralism, etc. are just some of the evidence that contemporary philosophy continues to exist and evolve despite the rising and falling of various ideologies in the twentieth century and the early twenty-first century. This can also be said about art, culture, and history as a science

An Examination on Grammar Instruction in JEC

By selecting one unit in Junior English for China （JEC）, a textbook for middle school students in some regions in China, this paper aims at analyzing how the grammar feature： Existential There is instructed in terms of form, meaning and use, while answering some questions raised by Parrott in his Grammar for English Language Teachers. A conclusion is then drawn with regard to its form-based instruction on basis of the analysis and discussions.

Minimum Cross Fuzzy Entropy Problem, The Existence of Its Solution and Generalized Minimum Cross Fuzzy Entropy Problems

In the present study we have formulated a Minimum Cross Fuzzy Entropy Problem （Minx（F）EntP） and proposed sufficient conditions for existence of its solution. Mentioned problem can be formulated as follows. In the set of membership functions satisfying the given moment constraints generated by given moment functions it is required to choose the membership function that is closest to a priori membership function in the sense of cross fuzzy entropy measure. The existence of solution of formulated problem is proved by virtue of concavity property of cross fuzzy entropy measure, the implicit function theorem and Lagrange multipliers method. Moreover, Generalized Cross Fuzzy Entropy Optimization Methods in the form of MinMinx（F）EntM and MaxMinx（F）EntM are suggested on the basis of primary phase of minimizing cross fuzzy entropy measure for fixed moment vector function and on the definition of the special functional with Minx（F）Ent values of cross fuzzy entropy measure. Next phase for obtaining mentioned distributions consists of optimization of defined functional with respect to moment vector functions. Distributions obtained by mentioned methods are defined as （MinMinx（F）Ent）m and （MaxMinx（F）Ent）m distributions.

Analysis on the Economic Ethics Thoughts in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 are one of Marx＇ s early works with great significance. It marked the thought development of Marx to a new stage. Marx in the Manuscripts through the criticism of the national economics, alienation labor theory to the problem of human essence, existing in the capitalist society of economic development and the moral result inverse problem and the communism theory expounds main contents such as the economic reality of capitalist society in profound ethical criticism, reveals the capitalist society economy inhumane between moral and ethical relations, in all of his criticism is always full of profound urges and powerful strength of moral criticism and deep ethical care, contained in the Manuscripts of economic ethics in today still has the significant theory significance and practical guiding value.

THE REGULAR SOLUTIONS OF THE ISENTROPIC EULER EQUATIONS WITH DEGENERATE LINEAR DAMPING

The regular solutions of the isentropic Euler equations with degenerate linear damping for a perfect gas are studied in this paper. And a critical degenerate linear damping coefficient is found, such that if the degenerate linear damping coefficient is larger than it and the gas lies in a compact domain initially, then the regular solution will blow up in finite time; if the degenerate linear damping coefficient is less than it, then under some hvpotheses on the initial data. the regular solution exists globally.