物联网走进中国家庭的技术条件分析

文章通过对2013年中国各省的截面数据进行聚类分析发现,物联网走进江苏、广东、北京、上海、天津、浙江、山东等省市家庭,具有良好的存量信息技术条件;物联网走进河南、湖南、重庆等省市家庭,具有良好的增量信息技术条件;即物联网走进贵州、云南、西藏、陕西、新疆等省区家庭,则缺乏本地信息技术条件,主要靠接受发达省份的技术辐射。

基于时间维度的城市街巷更新规划与设计——以重庆渝中区桂花园路为例

随着从增量建设到存量发展的城市转型,人们日益重视城市生活空间品质的提升。街巷作为城市公共空间的重要组成部分,其品质提升成为城市更新规划的重要内容。重庆市渝中区拥有大量富于山地特征的生活型老街巷亟待整治更新。本文以桂花园路为例,基于时间维度和"资产为本"发展理念,探讨存量条件下城市街巷更新规划与设计策略,同时分析了街巷更新时空一体化设计、从空间规划到制度设计、正规与非正规协同、公众参与的重要性以及规划师角色转型的必要性,最后指出关注街巷生活、探索地方化街巷更新理念和实现途径的重要性。

First and Second Laws Analyses of a Closed Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage System

First and Second Law analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of a closed latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) system employing calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl2·6H2O). The First and the Second Laws of thermodynamics were applied to the system from viewpoint of energy and exergy analyses, respectively. The energy storage tank in the system is neither fully mixed nor fully stratified. It may be considered as semithermal stratified. Experimente that include both charging and discharging periods were performed on sunny winter days in 1996. The energy and exergy variations and the overall energy and exergy efficiencies of the closed LHTES system were calculated for the complete charging and discharging cycle of the selected fifteen clear-sky winter days. Mean energy and exergy efficiencies were found to be 55.20% and 34.83%, respectively.

The Effects of Calcium Chloride and Ascorbic Acid Treatment on Ready-to-use Carrot Shreds

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of calcium and ascorbic acid treatments on the quality of carrot shreds during storage. Towards this aim, carrot shreds were dipped into a 5 L solution of 2 g/L ascorbic acid containing 1%, 3%, or 5% CaCI2 （Ca ＋ AA） for 3 min at room temperature （-20 ℃）. In case of the control group （control, C）, samples were dipped into distilled water for the same time interval. Subsequent to treatment, carrot shreds were stored in a cold room at 5 ± 1 ℃, 85-90% RH for a period of 11 days. Color values （L＊, a＊ b＊）, whiteness index, saturation index, hue angle values, visual quality, firmness scores, bitterness scores, total soluble solids （TSS） and electrolyte leakage measurements were conducted at various sampling dates. The results from this study demonstrated that brightness of carrot shreds was augmented by calcium and ascorbic acid treatments irrespective of the dosage used. Whiteness index values for the 5% Ca ＋ AA treated samples were observed to be low whereas saturation indices of 5% Ca ＋ AA and 3% Ca ＋ AA treated carrot shreds were higher as compared to other treatments. This study concludes that treatment with calcium at high doses improves the color quality of carrot shreds under storage conditions. Visual quality and firmness of carrot shreds was maintained till day 4 of storage, thereafter it declined as compared to the control group, Bitterness of carrot shreds was also observed to increase upon treatment with calcium and ascorbic acid. However, calcium treatment of the test carrot shreds was seen to decrease weight loss and cause an increase in the TSS under storage conditions.

Pre-harvest Treatment of Zn ＆ B Affects the Fruit Quality and Storability of Sweet Orange

Physico-chemical composition of sweet orange （Citrus sinensis L.） cv. blood red was determined in relation to different storage conditions and micronutrients application at department of horticulture, Agricultural University Peshawar, Pakistan during 2006-2007 and 2007-2008. The post-harvest quality of sweet orange was evaluated for 60 days storage with 20 days intervals. Fruit were harvested after the foliar application of zinc and boron in two consecutive seasons. The harvested fruits were stored at an ambient temperature （ATS） of 25 ＋ 2 ℃ and at low temperature storage （LTS） of 15 ± 2 ℃ with 60%-70% relative humidity （RH） for 60 days. Sweet oranges stored at LTS maintained better fruit quality than ATS. The foliar application of zinc and boron significantly enhanced fruit juice content, total soluble solids （TSS）, ascorbic acid （AA） and non-reducing sugar （NRS） of fruit. However, fruit juice content, TSS and AA were observed significantly higher, when the fruit was treated with high zinc （1%） and low boron （0.02%）. The percent of weight loss, disease incidence, TSS and reducing sugar （RS） increased with increasing the storage durations. A reduction was noted in fruit juice, AA and NRS with increasing the storage durations.

Study on the Stability of Volatile Acid in Lycium barbarum Wine

[ Objective] The study aimed to discuss the suitable storage conditions of fermented Lycium barbarum wine. [ Methodl In view of the fact that volatile acid in Lycium barbarum wine is unstable during storage process, we analyzed the stability changes of volatile acid in Lycium barba- rum wine with storage temperature, pH and SO2 content. [Result] When temperature was 5℃ pH was 3.7 or 3. 8, and residuary SO2 content was 60 mg/L, volatile acid in Lycium barbarum wine was relatively stable. [ Conclusion] The research could provide theoretical foundations for controlling the stability of volatile acid in Lycium barbarum wine.

Climatic and Topographical Factors Affecting the Vegetative Carbon Stock of Rangelands in Arid and Semiarid Regions of China

Rangeland systems play an important role in ecological stabilization and the terrestrial carbon cycle in arid and semiarid regions. However, little is known about the vegetative carbon dynamics and climatic and topog- raphical factors that affect vegetative carbon stock in these rangelands. Our goal was to assess vegetative carbon stock by examining meteorological data in conjunction with NDVI （normalized difference vegetation index） time se- ries datasets from 2001-2012. An improved CASA （Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach） model was then applied to simulate the spatiotemporal dynamic variation of vegetative carbon stock, and analyze its response to climatic and topographical factors. We estimated the vegetative carbon stock of rangeland in Gansu province, China to be 4.4×10^14 gC, increasing linearly at an annual rate of 9.8×10^11 gC. The mean vegetative carbon density of the whole rangeland was 136.5 gC m-2. Vegetative carbon density and total carbon varied temporally and spatially and were highly associated with temperature, precipitation and solar radiation. Vegetative carbon density reached the maximal value on elevation at 2500-3500 m, a slope of 〉30°and easterly aspect. The effect of precipitation, tem- perature and solar radiation on the vegetative carbon density of five rangeland types （desert and salinized meadow, steppe, alpine meadow, shrub and tussock, and marginal grassland in the forest） depends on the acquired quantity of water and heat for rangeland plants at all spatial scales. The results of this study provide new evidence for ex- plaining spatiotemporal heterogeneity in vegetative carbon dynamics and responses to global change for rangeland vegetative carbon stock, and offer a theoretical and practical basis for grassland agriculture management in arid and semiarid regions.