In this study,the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in winter (DecemberFebruary) and the precipitation over southem China (SCP) in the following spring (March-May) was investigated.Resu...In this study,the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in winter (DecemberFebruary) and the precipitation over southem China (SCP) in the following spring (March-May) was investigated.Results showed an interdecadal change,from strong to weak connection,in their connection.Before the early 1980s,they were highly correlated,with a strong (weak) winter NAO followed by an increased (decreased) spring SCP.However,after the early 1980s,their relationship was weakened significantly.This unstable relationship may be linked to the climatological change of East Asian jet.Before the early 1980s,the wave train along the Asian jet propagated the NAO signal eastward to East Asia and affected local upper-tropospheric atmospheric circulation.A strong NAO in winter led to an anomalous anticyclonic circulation at the south side of 30°N in East Asia in spring,resulting in an increase of SCP.In contrast,after the early 1980s,the wave train pattern along the Asian jet extended eastward due to strengthening of the climatological East Asian jet.Correspondingly,the NAO-related East Asian atmospheric circulations in the upper troposphere shifted eastward,thereby weakening the linkage between the spring SCP and the winter NAO.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to understand the high and efficiency technique in intersubspecific hybrid rice Yongyou No.9.[Method] We conducted the correlation analysis,regression analysis and path analysis of inter...[Objective] The research aimed to understand the high and efficiency technique in intersubspecific hybrid rice Yongyou No.9.[Method] We conducted the correlation analysis,regression analysis and path analysis of intersubspecific hybrid rice Yongyou No.9 based on the data of its ear,grain and weight at different yield levels.[Result]The performance of ear,grain and weight in Yongyou No.9 showed significant difference among different yield levels.The enhancement of effective ears would restrain the number of per ear total grains.It was found that the direct contributions of main economic traits to yield were determined to be per ear total grainseffective earseed setting rate1 000-grain weight.[Conclusion]The high-yield and effective cultivation techniques were suggested as follows:on the basis of certain effective ear number,grain number per ear should be mainly focused with a consideration to 1 000-grain weight.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was focused on the way how to increase the yield of hybrid rice Zhongzheyou No.8. [Method] The relationship among yield-related traits and their contribution to yield were investigated through co...[Objective] The paper was focused on the way how to increase the yield of hybrid rice Zhongzheyou No.8. [Method] The relationship among yield-related traits and their contribution to yield were investigated through correlation analysis, regression analysis and path analysis. [Result] The performance of ear, grain and weight in Zhongzheyou No.8 showed significant difference among yield levels. The enhancement of effective ears would restrain the number of total grains per ear. It was found that the direct contributions of main economic traits to yield were: number of fil ed grains per ear 〉 number of effective ears 〉1 000-grain weight 〉number of total grains per ear. [Conclusion] The promotion of high-yielding techniques was suggested as fol ows: on the basis of certain number of effective ears, number of fil ed grains per ear should be mainly focused with a consideration to grain weight.展开更多
This study evaluates the simulation of summer rainfall changes in the Northern Indian Ocean (NIO) based on the fifth phase of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The historical runs of 20 CMIP5 coupled Gene...This study evaluates the simulation of summer rainfall changes in the Northern Indian Ocean (NIO) based on the fifth phase of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The historical runs of 20 CMIP5 coupled General Circulation Models (GCMs) are analyzed. The Multi-Model ensemble (MME) of the CMIP5 models well reproduces the general feature of NIO summer rainfall. For a short period 1979?2005, 14 out of 20 models show an increased trend in the mean rainfall and a similar spatial distri-bution to the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) observations in MME. The increasing of the convergence in the equatorial IO results in the increase of rainfall significantly. The equatorial rainfall trend patterns seem modulated by the SST warm-ing in the tropical Indian Ocean, which confirm the mechanism of 'warmer-get-wetter' theory. For a long period 1950?2005, the trend of monsoon rainfall over India shows a decrease over the most parts of the India except an increase over the south corn er of the Indian Peninsula, due to a weakened summer monsoon circulation. The pattern is well simulated in half of the CMIP5 models. The rainfall over the north India is different for a short period, in which rainfall increases in 1979?2005, implying possible decadal varia-tion in the NIO summer climate.展开更多
The seasonal signal and long-term trend in the height time series of 10 IGS sites in China are investigated in this paper. The offset detection and outlier removal as well as the removal of common mode error are perfo...The seasonal signal and long-term trend in the height time series of 10 IGS sites in China are investigated in this paper. The offset detection and outlier removal as well as the removal of common mode error are performed on the raw GPS time-series data developed by the Scripps Orbit and Permanent Array Center(SOPAC). The seasonal-trend decomposition procedure based on LOESS(STL) is utilized to extract precise seasonal signals, followed by an estimation of the long-term trend with the application of maximum likelihood estimation(MLE) to the seasonally adjusted time series. The Up-compo- nents of all sites are featured by obvious seasonal variations, with significant phase and amplitude modulation on some sites. After Kendall's tau test, a significant trend(99% confidence interval) for all sites is achieved. Furthermore, the trends at sites TCMS and TNML have significant changes at epochs 2009.5384 and 2009.1493(95% confidence interval), respectively, using the Breaks For Additive Seasonal and Trend test. Finally, the velocities and their uncertainties for all sites are estimated using MLE with the white noise plus flicker noise model. And the results are analyzed and compared with those announced by SOPAC. The results obtained in this paper have a higher precision than the SOPAC results.展开更多
It is proposed that where sexually selected vocal communication is an honest signal, the call production rate is predicted to change throughout the breeding season. Male leopard seals call underwater for many hours ea...It is proposed that where sexually selected vocal communication is an honest signal, the call production rate is predicted to change throughout the breeding season. Male leopard seals call underwater for many hours each day over their three- to four-month breeding season, and it is hypothesized that a decrease in calling rate would be associated with the declining body condition of smaller males. The calling rates of leopard seals were measured (N= 49 recordings) and com- pared between seals of different size classes throughout the breeding season. Male leopard seals produce their calls at more stable rates as they become larger. In this study, larger male leopard seals adopted a strategy of consistent underwater calling throughout the breeding season, whereas there was a breakdown in the calling stereotypy of the smaller males at its height. Toward the end of the breeding season, the smaller seals produced fewer calls in shortened calling bouts, and they took more rest periods. Therefore, underwater calling may represent an honest signal in the leopard seal. For marine mammals that call underwater, the production of repetitive sequences advertises the breath-holding ability of the caller to the listeners, and this ability may be related to male stamina and endurance, thus representing an honest signal that could be widespread in other species.展开更多
基金supported by the Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) (GYHY201306026)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41275078)the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB421407)
文摘In this study,the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in winter (DecemberFebruary) and the precipitation over southem China (SCP) in the following spring (March-May) was investigated.Results showed an interdecadal change,from strong to weak connection,in their connection.Before the early 1980s,they were highly correlated,with a strong (weak) winter NAO followed by an increased (decreased) spring SCP.However,after the early 1980s,their relationship was weakened significantly.This unstable relationship may be linked to the climatological change of East Asian jet.Before the early 1980s,the wave train along the Asian jet propagated the NAO signal eastward to East Asia and affected local upper-tropospheric atmospheric circulation.A strong NAO in winter led to an anomalous anticyclonic circulation at the south side of 30°N in East Asia in spring,resulting in an increase of SCP.In contrast,after the early 1980s,the wave train pattern along the Asian jet extended eastward due to strengthening of the climatological East Asian jet.Correspondingly,the NAO-related East Asian atmospheric circulations in the upper troposphere shifted eastward,thereby weakening the linkage between the spring SCP and the winter NAO.
基金Supported by Science Program Foundation of Taizhou(091KY01)~~
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to understand the high and efficiency technique in intersubspecific hybrid rice Yongyou No.9.[Method] We conducted the correlation analysis,regression analysis and path analysis of intersubspecific hybrid rice Yongyou No.9 based on the data of its ear,grain and weight at different yield levels.[Result]The performance of ear,grain and weight in Yongyou No.9 showed significant difference among different yield levels.The enhancement of effective ears would restrain the number of per ear total grains.It was found that the direct contributions of main economic traits to yield were determined to be per ear total grainseffective earseed setting rate1 000-grain weight.[Conclusion]The high-yield and effective cultivation techniques were suggested as follows:on the basis of certain effective ear number,grain number per ear should be mainly focused with a consideration to 1 000-grain weight.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Taizhou City(121KY15)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper was focused on the way how to increase the yield of hybrid rice Zhongzheyou No.8. [Method] The relationship among yield-related traits and their contribution to yield were investigated through correlation analysis, regression analysis and path analysis. [Result] The performance of ear, grain and weight in Zhongzheyou No.8 showed significant difference among yield levels. The enhancement of effective ears would restrain the number of total grains per ear. It was found that the direct contributions of main economic traits to yield were: number of fil ed grains per ear 〉 number of effective ears 〉1 000-grain weight 〉number of total grains per ear. [Conclusion] The promotion of high-yielding techniques was suggested as fol ows: on the basis of certain number of effective ears, number of fil ed grains per ear should be mainly focused with a consideration to grain weight.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB955603,2010CB-950302)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA 05090404,LTOZZ1202)
文摘This study evaluates the simulation of summer rainfall changes in the Northern Indian Ocean (NIO) based on the fifth phase of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The historical runs of 20 CMIP5 coupled General Circulation Models (GCMs) are analyzed. The Multi-Model ensemble (MME) of the CMIP5 models well reproduces the general feature of NIO summer rainfall. For a short period 1979?2005, 14 out of 20 models show an increased trend in the mean rainfall and a similar spatial distri-bution to the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) observations in MME. The increasing of the convergence in the equatorial IO results in the increase of rainfall significantly. The equatorial rainfall trend patterns seem modulated by the SST warm-ing in the tropical Indian Ocean, which confirm the mechanism of 'warmer-get-wetter' theory. For a long period 1950?2005, the trend of monsoon rainfall over India shows a decrease over the most parts of the India except an increase over the south corn er of the Indian Peninsula, due to a weakened summer monsoon circulation. The pattern is well simulated in half of the CMIP5 models. The rainfall over the north India is different for a short period, in which rainfall increases in 1979?2005, implying possible decadal varia-tion in the NIO summer climate.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2013AA122501-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41374019,41020144004,41474015,41274045,41574010)Funded by State Key Laboratory of Geo-information Engineering(Grant No.SKLGIE2015-Z-1-1)
文摘The seasonal signal and long-term trend in the height time series of 10 IGS sites in China are investigated in this paper. The offset detection and outlier removal as well as the removal of common mode error are performed on the raw GPS time-series data developed by the Scripps Orbit and Permanent Array Center(SOPAC). The seasonal-trend decomposition procedure based on LOESS(STL) is utilized to extract precise seasonal signals, followed by an estimation of the long-term trend with the application of maximum likelihood estimation(MLE) to the seasonally adjusted time series. The Up-compo- nents of all sites are featured by obvious seasonal variations, with significant phase and amplitude modulation on some sites. After Kendall's tau test, a significant trend(99% confidence interval) for all sites is achieved. Furthermore, the trends at sites TCMS and TNML have significant changes at epochs 2009.5384 and 2009.1493(95% confidence interval), respectively, using the Breaks For Additive Seasonal and Trend test. Finally, the velocities and their uncertainties for all sites are estimated using MLE with the white noise plus flicker noise model. And the results are analyzed and compared with those announced by SOPAC. The results obtained in this paper have a higher precision than the SOPAC results.
文摘It is proposed that where sexually selected vocal communication is an honest signal, the call production rate is predicted to change throughout the breeding season. Male leopard seals call underwater for many hours each day over their three- to four-month breeding season, and it is hypothesized that a decrease in calling rate would be associated with the declining body condition of smaller males. The calling rates of leopard seals were measured (N= 49 recordings) and com- pared between seals of different size classes throughout the breeding season. Male leopard seals produce their calls at more stable rates as they become larger. In this study, larger male leopard seals adopted a strategy of consistent underwater calling throughout the breeding season, whereas there was a breakdown in the calling stereotypy of the smaller males at its height. Toward the end of the breeding season, the smaller seals produced fewer calls in shortened calling bouts, and they took more rest periods. Therefore, underwater calling may represent an honest signal in the leopard seal. For marine mammals that call underwater, the production of repetitive sequences advertises the breath-holding ability of the caller to the listeners, and this ability may be related to male stamina and endurance, thus representing an honest signal that could be widespread in other species.