光伏系统PR季节偏差修正及温升损失量化分析

通过短期测试得到的PR,会受到环境温度、太阳辐照度、风速和风向等环境因素的影响而出现不同程度的季节偏差,使其难以体现光伏系统的中、长期运行状况。文章利用PR气象修正方法对实例电站的运行数据进行统计和分析,最终得到PR的最佳短期测试方案,进而实现光伏组件温升损失的量化分析。分析结果表明:在对PR进行季节偏差修正的前提下,当测试时间仅为1~3 d时,应选择在日照条件较佳的时间段进行测试,若日照条件不稳定,则须要延长监测天数至7 d以上,以上方案均能够提升PR的测量精度;光伏系统的温升损失是导致光伏系统发电量损耗的重要因素。

Extended-range prediction of a heat wave event over the Yangtze River Valley:role of intraseasonal signals

The authors previous study reported the important role of extratropical intraseasonal oscillation(ISO)on the occurrence of a typical heatwave event over the Yangtze River Valley.Based on the ECMWF subseasonal reforecast database,this follow-up study evaluates the extended-range prediction skill of the heatwave event and further unravels the close link between the ISO and extended-range prediction of the event.With a two-week lead time,this heatwave event fails to occur in the reforecast because the predicted surface temperature is signi cantly underesti-mated.More detailed analysis demonstrates that the biases for both the intensity and the location of the warming region are primarily attributable to the inaccurate extratropical intrasea-sonal traveling signals.This work strongly indicates that accurately capturing the extratropical intraseasonal signal from the Eurasian continent is indispensable for extended-range prediction of East Asian extreme heatwave events.

寒冷地区人体主观反应季节性评价研究

为探索寒冷地区实际建筑环境下,人体热感觉与热舒适之间存在的季节性分离情况,本文以寒冷地区焦作市某高校32名大学生作为研究对象,分别测试四季室内外环境参数、皮肤温度以及调查受试者主观评价等,共获得854份有效数据。结果表明:受服装热阻、情绪等因素影响,人们四季热感觉为“适中”(TSV=0)时不一定达到“舒适”状态,四季热感觉与热舒适之间均存在分离现象,人们在春秋季节热感觉分别为0.76、0.83时,人们感觉相对更舒适;而在夏冬极端季节,当热感觉分别为-1.13、1.37时才达到相对最“舒适”状态,越是极端季节,热感觉与热舒适分离程度越显著。当平均皮肤温度与室内空气温度差值(T_(dif))为6~12℃范围内,人们四季热感觉、热舒适及对当前热环境满意程度均达到最佳范围且人们情绪相对更稳定。综合考虑季节变化、主观反应等因素影响,提出T_(dif)作为热环境评价指标。研究结果可为寒冷地区人体热反应季节性研究以及未来室内环境智能化控制提供理论依据。