黄土高原粮草复合生态系统蒸散发变化动态及其与干旱的关系

蒸散发是生态系统水循环的重要环节,直接或间接影响土壤水分、植物生长和生态系统碳循环等过程。蒸散发也极易受极端气候的影响,了解气候变化情景下生态系统蒸散发变化动态及其调控机制,对于区域水资源管理和生态恢复至关重要。本研究以黄土高原典型粮草复合生态系统为研究对象,采用涡度相关连续监测法,分析了粮草复合生态系统蒸散发季节变化动态及其与夏季干旱的响应关系,结果表明:1)蒸散发和环境因子呈现明显的季节变化动态,在整个生长季呈现单峰曲线,约88.5%的蒸散发量主要集中在生长季(4月-10月)。2)日最大蒸散发量为6.3 mm,年累积蒸散发量为471.5 mm,累积降水量远大于累积蒸散发量,蒸散发量和降水之间的差值为226.3 mm。3)夏季干旱通过诱导气孔闭合引起蒸散发出现一定程度的下降趋势,但对年蒸散发影响较小。4)空气温度、净辐射、土壤含水量和饱和水气压差均对粮草复合生态系统蒸散发季节变异存在一定的调控作用,但主要受净辐射和饱和水汽压差的调控。研究结果将为黄土高原粮草复合生态系统管理和气候变化下水分高效利用提供理论依据。

Seasonal Effect of Geomorphological Chronosequence Features on Soil Biota Dynamics

Numerous studies have been devoted to the physical-chemical weathering processes leading to the creation of unique soil formations having their own history that induce soil-biotic diversity.However,the extent to which unique geomorphic formations influence soil biotic seasonal variation is not clear.Our aim was to define seasonal variations of soil biota in soils of different-aged terraces of the Makhtesh Ramon anticline erosional cirque in southern Israel.The strong effect of Makhtesh Ramon (Ramon crater) erosional fluvial terrace age initiated by climatic changes during the Late Pleistocene- Early Holocene period on seasonal variations in both soil properties and the abundance and composition of soil biota were demonstrated.However,age dependence was not constant and values for observed soil properties and microbial activity were negligible between younger and older terraces for certain seasons,while free-living nematodes along with bacterial-feeding group were strongly dependent on the geomorphic features of the ages throughout the study period.