目的比较中国医学科学院北京协和医学院医学生物学研究所制备的季节性流行性感冒病毒裂解疫苗[Seasonal Influenza Vaccine(Split Virion),Inactivated;sInfV-Sp],与赛诺菲巴斯德生物制品有限公司制备的sInfV-Sp在小鼠中的安全性和免疫...目的比较中国医学科学院北京协和医学院医学生物学研究所制备的季节性流行性感冒病毒裂解疫苗[Seasonal Influenza Vaccine(Split Virion),Inactivated;sInfV-Sp],与赛诺菲巴斯德生物制品有限公司制备的sInfV-Sp在小鼠中的安全性和免疫效果。方法 用sInfV-Sp于腹腔内接种ICR(Institute of Cancer Research)小鼠(美国癌症研究所选育的Swiss小鼠分送各国饲养实验,各国称为ICR),每天称取体重,免疫后21d眼眶采血分离血清,用微量血凝抑制(Hem agglutination Inhibition,HI)试验测定小鼠血清中特异性抗体,计算几何平均滴度(Geometric Mean Titer,GMT)、抗体阳转率、保护率及GMT增长倍数。结果免疫后小鼠体重逐渐增加,组间差异无统计学意义(F=0.015,P=0.985);接种sInfV-Sp的HI抗体阳转率(2=0.00～0.640,P=0.313～1.00)、保护率(2=0.082～0.351,P=0.5540～0.774)及H1N1型、H3N2型和B型HI抗体GMT差异均无统计学意义,GMT增长>4倍。结论两种sInfV-Sp均有良好的安全性和免疫原性。展开更多
On the basis of a comprehensive literature review and data analysis of global influenza surveillance, a transmission theory based numerical model is developed to understand the causative factors of influenza seasonali...On the basis of a comprehensive literature review and data analysis of global influenza surveillance, a transmission theory based numerical model is developed to understand the causative factors of influenza seasonality and the biodynamical mechanisms of seasonal flu. The model is applied to simulate the seasonality and weekly activity of influenza in different areas across all continents and climate zones around the world. Model solution and the good matches between model output and actual influenza indexes affirm that influenza activity is highly auto-correlative and relies on determinants of a broad spectrum. Internal dynamic resonance; variations of meteorological elements (solar radiation, precipitation and dewpoint); socio-behavioral influences and herd immunity to circulating strains prove to be the critical explanatory factors of the seasonality and weekly activity of influenza. In all climate regions, influenza activity is proportional to the exponential of the number of days with precipitation and to the negative exponential of quarter power of sunny hours. Influenza activity is a negative exponential function of dewpoint in temperate and arctic regions and an exponential function of the absolute deviation of dewpoint from its annual mean in the tropics. Epidemics of seasonal influenza could be deemed as the consequence of the dynamic resonance and interactions of determinants. Early interventions (such as opportune vaccination, prompt social distancing, and maintaining incidence well below a baseline) are key to the control and prevention of seasonal influenza. Moderate amount of sunlight exposure or Vitamin D supplementation during rainy and short-day photoperiod seasons, more outdoor activities, and appropriate indoor dewpoint deserve great attention in influenza prevention. To a considerable degree, the study reveals the mechanism of influenza seasonality, demonstrating a potential for influenza activity projection. The concept and algorithm can be explored for further applications.展开更多
有十分之一消化不良的患者会出现一些疾病“报警征象”。尽管有人认为这些“报警征象”提示不良的预后,但是一项3年的前瞻性研究发现,“报警征象”只有较低的阳性预测率,但却有较高的阴性预测率。本研究的作者认为,这说明在一般人群中...有十分之一消化不良的患者会出现一些疾病“报警征象”。尽管有人认为这些“报警征象”提示不良的预后,但是一项3年的前瞻性研究发现,“报警征象”只有较低的阳性预测率,但却有较高的阴性预测率。本研究的作者认为,这说明在一般人群中癌症和溃疡的发病率是比较低的。很令人担忧的是,大部分的癌症或溃疡患者在初诊时并没有出现任何“报警征象”(ScandinavianJournal of Gastroenterology 2002;37:999-1007)。展开更多
文摘目的比较中国医学科学院北京协和医学院医学生物学研究所制备的季节性流行性感冒病毒裂解疫苗[Seasonal Influenza Vaccine(Split Virion),Inactivated;sInfV-Sp],与赛诺菲巴斯德生物制品有限公司制备的sInfV-Sp在小鼠中的安全性和免疫效果。方法 用sInfV-Sp于腹腔内接种ICR(Institute of Cancer Research)小鼠(美国癌症研究所选育的Swiss小鼠分送各国饲养实验,各国称为ICR),每天称取体重,免疫后21d眼眶采血分离血清,用微量血凝抑制(Hem agglutination Inhibition,HI)试验测定小鼠血清中特异性抗体,计算几何平均滴度(Geometric Mean Titer,GMT)、抗体阳转率、保护率及GMT增长倍数。结果免疫后小鼠体重逐渐增加,组间差异无统计学意义(F=0.015,P=0.985);接种sInfV-Sp的HI抗体阳转率(2=0.00～0.640,P=0.313～1.00)、保护率(2=0.082～0.351,P=0.5540～0.774)及H1N1型、H3N2型和B型HI抗体GMT差异均无统计学意义,GMT增长>4倍。结论两种sInfV-Sp均有良好的安全性和免疫原性。
文摘On the basis of a comprehensive literature review and data analysis of global influenza surveillance, a transmission theory based numerical model is developed to understand the causative factors of influenza seasonality and the biodynamical mechanisms of seasonal flu. The model is applied to simulate the seasonality and weekly activity of influenza in different areas across all continents and climate zones around the world. Model solution and the good matches between model output and actual influenza indexes affirm that influenza activity is highly auto-correlative and relies on determinants of a broad spectrum. Internal dynamic resonance; variations of meteorological elements (solar radiation, precipitation and dewpoint); socio-behavioral influences and herd immunity to circulating strains prove to be the critical explanatory factors of the seasonality and weekly activity of influenza. In all climate regions, influenza activity is proportional to the exponential of the number of days with precipitation and to the negative exponential of quarter power of sunny hours. Influenza activity is a negative exponential function of dewpoint in temperate and arctic regions and an exponential function of the absolute deviation of dewpoint from its annual mean in the tropics. Epidemics of seasonal influenza could be deemed as the consequence of the dynamic resonance and interactions of determinants. Early interventions (such as opportune vaccination, prompt social distancing, and maintaining incidence well below a baseline) are key to the control and prevention of seasonal influenza. Moderate amount of sunlight exposure or Vitamin D supplementation during rainy and short-day photoperiod seasons, more outdoor activities, and appropriate indoor dewpoint deserve great attention in influenza prevention. To a considerable degree, the study reveals the mechanism of influenza seasonality, demonstrating a potential for influenza activity projection. The concept and algorithm can be explored for further applications.
文摘有十分之一消化不良的患者会出现一些疾病“报警征象”。尽管有人认为这些“报警征象”提示不良的预后,但是一项3年的前瞻性研究发现,“报警征象”只有较低的阳性预测率,但却有较高的阴性预测率。本研究的作者认为,这说明在一般人群中癌症和溃疡的发病率是比较低的。很令人担忧的是,大部分的癌症或溃疡患者在初诊时并没有出现任何“报警征象”(ScandinavianJournal of Gastroenterology 2002;37:999-1007)。
