Interdecadal variability of summer precipitation in the Three River Source Region: Influences of SST and zonal shifts of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet

Summer precipitation in the Three Rivers Source Region(TRSR)of China is vital for the headwaters of the Yellow,Yangtze,and Lancang rivers and exhibits significant interdecadal variability.This study investigates the influence of the East Asian westerly jet(EAWJ)on TRSR rainfall.A strong correlation is found between TRSR summer precipitation and the Jet Zonal Position Index(JZPI)of the EAWJ from 1961 to 2019(R=0.619,p<0.01).During periods when a positive JZPI indicates a westward shift in the EAWJ,enhanced water vapor anomalies,warmer air,and low-level convergence anomalies contribute to increased TRSR summer precipitation.Using empirical orthogonal function and regression analyses,this research identifies the influence of large-scale circulation anomalies associated with the Atlantic–Eurasian teleconnection(AEA)from the North Atlantic(NA).The interdecadal variability between the NA and central tropical Pacific(CTP)significantly affects TRSR precipitation.This influence is mediated through the AEA via a Rossby wave train extending eastward along the EAWJ,and another south of 45°N.Moreover,the NA–CTP Opposite Phase Index(OPI),which quantifies the difference between the summer mean sea surface temperatures of the NA and the CTP,is identified as a critical factor in modulating the strength of this teleconnection and influencing the zonal position of the EAWJ.

南海上层环流观测研究进展

回顾了近 50a来南海环流研究的进展 ,重点介绍了近期有关南海上层总环流的观测研究成果 ,并就南海季风急流、南海暖流、南海南部的次海盆尺度环流 ,以及南海东北部环流的几个问题进行了专门讨论 .

超强台风“威马逊”与“达维”进入北部湾强度变化对比分析

利用常规气象资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,采用天气学诊断分析方法,对超强台风"威马逊"(1409)和"达维"(0518)登陆进入北部湾前后强度变化特征差异进行对比分析,结果表明:(1)500 h Pa副高快速加强,850 h Pa季风急流和越赤道气流汇合卷入到台风环流中,台风移向的下游区域高低空(200—850 h Pa)垂直风切变小,南海北部海温偏高等是"威马逊"和"达维"登陆海南岛前在近海突然加强的有利条件。(2)从琼州海峡进入北部湾,摩擦消耗小,是"威马逊"进入北部湾后,强度下降小,仍维持超强台风级别的主要原因;而从海南岛中部西移进入北部湾,摩擦消耗大,是"达维"进入北部湾后,强度下降大,从超强台风降为台风级别的主要原因。(3)动能收支诊断分析显示,地形摩擦对动能的耗散主要集中在边界层内(800 h Pa以下),"威马逊"在超强台风阶段耗散作用最大,进入北部湾之后摩擦耗散减小,而"达维"则因横穿海南岛进入北部湾动能的摩擦耗散较大。

“5.8”桂东北暖区暴雨成因及漏报难点分析

利用常规天气图和数值预报资料,对2011年5月8发生在广西东北部的一次大范围较强降水过程的成因和预报失误的原因进行了分析,结果表明:高空波动和低空突然增强的南亚季风急流的共同作用,700～500hPa风切变引起的辐合上升以及干线入侵是造成这次强降水过程的主要原因。这次暴雨过程漏报的主要原因是:天气形势配置不是很有利,对中层干侵入的分析不够深入。

对2009年7月3～5日玉林市一次暴雨天气过程的分析

利用实况观测资料、自动站加密观测资料、数值预报产品和非常规观测资料,从环流背景、水汽条件、动力条件等方面,对2009年7月3～5日玉林暴雨天气过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:(1)高空低槽、低层低涡切变线和低空急流是影响此次强降水过程的主要天气系统;(2)低空急流在此次暴雨过程中促进了大气不稳定、加大了水汽输送;(3)有利的热力水汽条件和动力条件是强降水产生和维持的机制。

Improvement of the simulation of the summer East Asian westerly jet from CMIP5 to CMIP6

The East Asian westerly jet(EAJ)plays a crucial role in affecting the East Asian summer rainfall(EASR).Therefore,evaluations of EAJ simulations are vital for improving the understanding and projections of climate change in East Asia.This study evaluates the simulations of the climatology and interannual variability in the present-day summer EAJ in the CMIP6 models and compares the results with those in the CMIP5 models by analyzing the historical climate simulations of 29 CMIP5 models and 21 CMIP6 models during the period from 1986–2005.In general,the CMIP6 models capture the EAJ more realistically than the CMIP5 models.The results show that the CMIP6 models reasonably capture the spatial features of the climatological zonal wind at 200 hPa and simulate a smaller zonal wind bias along the EAJ.The locations of the EAJ’s core are at the observed location in nearly all CMIP6 models but in only approximately two-thirds of the CMIP5 models.The EAJ’s intensity is closer to the observed value and exhibits a smaller intermodel dispersion in the CMIP6 models.The CMIP6 models also show an improved ability to reproduce the interannual variability in the EAJ’s meridional displacement and have a stronger relationship with the EASR.

A tripole winter precipitation change pattern around the Tibetan Plateau in the late 1990s

Classical monsoon dynamics considers the winter/spring snow amount on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)as a major factor driving the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM)for its direct influence on the land-sea thermal contrast.Actually,the TP snow increased and decreased after the late 1970s and 1990s,respectively,accompanying the two major interdecadal changes in the EASM.Although studies have explored the possible mechanisms of the EASM interdecadal variations,and change in TP snow is considered as one of the major drivers,few studies have illustrated the underlying mechanisms of the interdecadal changes in the winter TP snow.This study reveals a tripole pattern of change,with decreased winter precipitation over the TP and an increase to its north and south after the late 1990s.Further analyses through numerical experiments demonstrate that the tropical Pacific SST changes in the late 1990s can robustly affect the winter TP precipitation through regulating the Walker and regional Hadley circulation.The cooling over the tropical central-eastern Pacific can enhance the Walker circulation cell over the Pacific and induce ascending motion anomalies over the Indo-Pacific region.These anomalies further drive descending motion anomalies over the TP and ascending motion anomalies to the north through regulating the regional Hadley circulation.Therefore,the positive-negative-positive winter precipitation anomalies around the TP are formed.This study improves the previously poor understanding of TP climate variation at interdecadal timescales.

The Second Decadal Leading Mode of East Asian Summer Monsoon Rainfall

The first decadal leading mode of East Asian summer rainfall(EASR) is characterized by rainfall anomalies along the East Asian subtropical rain belt. This study focuses on the second decadal leading mode(2DLM), accounting for 17.3% of rainfall decadal variance, as distinct from the other two neighboring modes of EAMR, based on the state-of-the-art in-situ rainfall data.This mode is characterized by a South-China-wet–HuaiheRiver-dry pattern, and is dominated by a quasi-30-yr period. Further analysis reveals the 2DLM corresponds to an enhanced lower-level monsoon jet, an eastward extension of the western North Pacific subtropical high, and a weakened East Asian upper-level westerly jet flow. The Tibetan Plateau surface temperature and Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO) are closely linked with the 2DLM. The regressed SST pattern indicates the PDO-like pattern of sea surface temperature anomalies may have a teleconnection relationship with the 2DLM of EASR.

Possible linkage between winter extreme low temperature events over China and synoptic-scale transient wave activity

Based on NECP/NCAR reanalysis data and daily temperature data of 743 stations in China, possible causes of winter extreme low temperature events are explored from the perspective of the synoptic-scale transient wave (STW) activity. Results suggest that there is a close linkage between STW activity and extreme low temperature events. Firstly, case studies are carried out on the years with the most and least frequent extreme low temperature events. In the winter of 1967, two strong and stable STW trains were maintained over the Eurasian continent, and the strong westerly jet provided a good channel for the propagation of STW. Located in the downstream area of those two STW trains, China was significantly influenced by them and experienced frequent extreme low temperature events. Further analysis suggest that the intensity of the upstream transient wave and the areas where the transient waves reached are completely consistent with the intensity of extreme low temperature and the areas where frequent extreme low temperature event happened, respectively. In contrast, Westerly jet in 2006 was weaker and the path of transient wave propagation was shorter and weaker, resulting in the low frequency of extreme temperature. Secondly, in their long term variations, westerly jet is also consistent with the extreme low temperature frequency. The transient wave path changed before and after the 1980s. Further investigation suggests that transient wave intensities in key areas exhibit in-phase changes with the frequency of extreme low temperature events in the periods of 1959-1979 and 1986-2006. Meanwhile, the main features of transient wave activities in high-frequent years and low-frequent years of extreme low temperature events are similar to those of 1967 and 2006, respectively. Results indicate that winter extreme low temperature events in China have a very close relationship with the transient wave activity, implying the propagation and activity of STW are important factors affecting the winter extreme low temperature events in China. This study can also provide a new clue for better understanding the mechanisms of the extreme temperature events.