亚热带季风阔叶林不同林地几种植物光合作用的比较研究

比较了亚热带季风阔叶林不同林地几种植物的叶特性、叶含氮量、叶绿素含量、光合速率和气孔对CO_2的传导率,表明疏林的桃金娘(Rhodomyrtus tomentoso)和荷树(Schima superba)的叶厚和栅栏组织厚度较九节(Psychotria rubra)小,但单位面积干重较九节大,叶含氮量(N mg/g干重)较密林的罗伞(Ardisia quinquegona)低,疏林的桃金娘和荷树的光合作用饱和光强为600和550 μmol 光量子m^(-2),S^(-1),光补偿点分别为12和20 μmol,光量子m^(-2),s^(-1),两种植物的平均最大光合速率分别为11.9±0.4和7.5±1.8 μol CO_2,m^(-2),S^(-1),光合量子产率分别为0.056和0.048,而密林的罗伞光合速率变化对光强变化反应敏感,暗呼吸速率较低。光补偿点为5μmol,光量子m^(-2),S^(-1),显著低于疏林植物,疏林植物有着较高的Ci/Ca值和水分利用效率。亚热带季风阔叶林的不同林地的植物有着不同的光合作用特性,这可能与植物生境的光状况有关。

长期氮添加对亚热带森林土壤微生物碳源代谢多样性的影响

土壤微生物功能多样性对维持生态系统功能和稳定性具有非常重要的意义。人类活动造成全球氮沉降量激增,会引起土壤微生物群落结构和功能的改变,但是目前有关亚热带森林生态系统土壤微生物碳源利用多样性对模拟N沉降的响应还不是很清楚。依托位于鼎湖山的长达15年的长期野外模拟氮沉降试验样地平台,借助Biolog-Eco微平板技术,分析探讨了不同N添加量对季风常绿阔叶林中土壤微生物群落碳代谢功能多样性的影响差异及机制。研究结果表明:(1)与对照相比,长期低N、中N和高N量添加使土壤微生物碳源代谢活性(AWCD)分别显著降低了15.3%、32.9%和38.0%;并且显著降低了微生物碳源利用Shannon多样性指数和丰富度指数;(2)微生物对糖类、羧酸、氨基酸、胺类和酚酸类的利用随着施N水平的提高而显著降低;其中胺类最为敏感,长期高N添加下其利用强度与对照相比显著降低了80.2%;(3)主成分分析表明,不同N添加水平显著影响了土壤微生物碳源利用(P=0.001);(4)分类变异分析表明,土壤和植物因素可解释不同N水平下碳源利用差异的90.7%;(5)典型对应分析发现,土壤pH(P=0.009)是解释不同N水平添加处理间土壤微生物碳源代谢多样性差异的主要环境因子;而植被丰富度和凋落物量没有显著影响。综上所述,长期不同N添加显著影响了亚热带森林土壤微生物碳源代谢多样性,并且结果表明土壤pH是影响碳源利用多样性的主要影响因素。研究结果对于揭示全球变化影响下热带森林生态系统地下生物多样性维持机制提供了重要理论依据。

鼎湖山地带性植被及其不同演替阶段水文学过程长期对比研究

分析鼎湖山 3种植被类型生态系统水文的长期连续观测资料 ,采用时空互代的方法 ,得到如下一些结果 :1)鼎湖山自然保护区东沟集水区产水量达到降水量的 6 6 .5 % ,日径流量高峰的出现相对降水的发生滞后 1d左右。 2 )地下水位平均稳定在 2 .2 2m ,最低为 2 .84m ,最高为 1.14m。 1999、2 0 0 0、2 0 0 1、2 0 0 2和 2 0 0 3年地下水位平均值分别为 2 .38,2 .2 7,2 .0 8,2 .13和 2 .11m。鼎湖山东沟集水区每日地下水位与前 16d每一天的降水量相关。3)随着时间推移 3种不同的植物群落中土壤含水量都有减少的趋势。季风林 (p <0 .0 1)和混交林 (p <0 .0 5 )的土壤含水量减少趋势具有统计上的显著性 ,松林除外。 4 )鼎湖山 3个处于不同演替阶段的植物群落其穿透水量与大气降水皆呈线性相关 ,它们的R2 值随演替的进展而减小。穿透水占大气降水的比例也随演替进展而减少 ,松林、混交林和季风林分别为 83.4 %、6 8.3%和 5 9.9%。松林、混交林和季风林的树干茎流占大气降水的比例分别为1.9%、6 .5 %和 8.3%。树干茎流和胸径的关系受控于整个群落整体的影响而不仅仅是某个单一物种 ,并且群落的郁闭程度和结构是影响降水在林内再次分配的关键因素。季风林 2月大气降水 2 8.7mm林冠截流率为 83.3% ,而在大气降水为

Effect of Simulated N Deposition on Soil Exchangeable Cations in Three Forest Types of Subtropical China

The effects of simulated nitrogen(N)deposition on soil exchangeable cations were studied in three forest types of subtropical China.Four N treatments with three replications were designed for the monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest (mature forest):control(0 kg N ha-1 year-1),low N(50 kg N ha-1 year-1),medium N(100 kg N ha-1 year-1)and high N(150 kg N ha-1 year-1),and only three treatments(i.e.,control,low N,medium N)were established for the pine and mixed forests.Nitrogen had been applied continuously for 26 months before the measurement.The mature forest responded more rapidly and intensively to N additions than the pine and mixed forests,and exhibited some significant negative symptoms,e.g.,soil acidification,Al mobilization and leaching of base cations from soil.The pine and mixed forests responded slowly to N additions and exhibited no significant response of soil cations.Response of soil exchangeable cations to N deposition varied in the forests of subtropical China,depending on soil N status and land-use history.

Development and evaluation of a regional ocean-atmosphere coupled model with focus on the western North Pacific summer monsoon simulation:Impacts of different atmospheric components

A regional ocean atmosphere coupled model (ROAM) is developed through coupler OASIS3,and is composed of regional climate model RegCM3 and CREM (Climate version of Regional Eta Model) as its atmospheric component and of a revised Princeton ocean model (POM2000) as its oceanic component.The performance of the ROAM over the western North Pacific summer monsoon region is assessed by the case simulation of warm season in 1998.Impacts of different atmospheric model components on the performance of ROAM are investigated.Compared with stand-alone simulation,CREM (RegCM3) produces more (or less) rainfall over ocean area with inclusion of the air-sea coupling.Different biases of rainfall are caused by the different biases of SST derived from the coupled simulation.Warm (or cold) SST bias simulated by CREM_CPL (RegCM3_CPL) increases (or decreases) the evaporation at sea surface,then increases (or decreases) the rainfall over ocean.The analyses suggest that the biases of vertical profile of temperature and specific humidity in stand-alone simulations may be responsible for the SST biases in regional coupled simulations.Compared with reanalysis data,the warmer (or colder) and moister (or dryer) lower troposphere simulated in CREM (RegCM3) produces less (or more) sea surface latent heat flux.Meanwhile,the more unstable (or stable) lower troposphere produces less (or more) cloudiness at low-level,which increases (or decreases) the solar radiation reaching on the sea surface.CREM (RegCM3) forced by observed SST overestimates (or underestimates) the sea surface net heat flux,implying a potential warm (or cold) heat source.After coupling with POM2000,the warm (or cold) heat source would further increase (or decrease) the SST.The biases of vertical profile of temperature and specific humidity may be ascribed to the different representation of cumulus convection in atmospheric models.