额济纳绿洲位于我国极端干旱区,该地额济纳剖面(41°46.36'N,101°09.26'E)的地层含1层现代流动沙丘、8层古流动沙丘、18层古半固定沙丘、14层古固定沙丘、2层沙质弱成土和2层沙黄土-亚沙土。根据对该剖面11个14C年代...额济纳绿洲位于我国极端干旱区,该地额济纳剖面(41°46.36'N,101°09.26'E)的地层含1层现代流动沙丘、8层古流动沙丘、18层古半固定沙丘、14层古固定沙丘、2层沙质弱成土和2层沙黄土-亚沙土。根据对该剖面11个14C年代样品测试和263个粒度样品的分析结果,本文确定了这套以沙丘沙沉积为主的沉积序列主要是2.5 ka BP以来气候一风沙地貌过程的产物,并详细讨论了自那时以来不同沉积类型的粒度及其Mz、σ和SC/D等分布规律和成因问题。这一研究结果表明:①额济纳剖面古流动沙丘沙、古半固定沙丘沙和古固定沙丘沙无论在粒度组成还是在Mz、σ分布上,都分别与现代流动沙丘沙、半固定沙丘沙和固定沙丘沙颇为相似,这为该剖面沙丘类型的划分提供了重要依据;相对这三类沙丘沙而言,沙黄土-亚沙土和沙质弱成土的沙物质含量显著降低,而粉沙和粘土含量明显增高,显示出沙丘嗣后的较强的成土作用和一定的土壤化过程。②该剖面古流动沙丘沙或古半固定沙丘沙与上覆的古固定沙丘或沙黄土-亚沙土或者是沙质弱成土可以构成11.5个沉积旋回,其每一个旋回又表现为颗粒由粗变细,Mz(Φ)、SC/D由小到大和σ显示的由分选好到变差的粒度旋回变化,代表了一个“沙漠化”时期被嗣后的“绿洲化”时期替代的正逆交替变化过程。③2.5 ka BP以来额济纳绿洲经历了11.5个旋回的“沙漠化”与“绿洲化”的生态环境变迁,在时间上具有若干百年时间尺度的环境变化,其驱动因子主要与自那时以来东亚冬夏季风交替演变有关。展开更多
The Okinawa Trough is a natural laboratory for the study of air-sea interaction and paleoenvironmental change. It has been demonstrated that present offshore export of particles in the bottom nepheloid layer occur pri...The Okinawa Trough is a natural laboratory for the study of air-sea interaction and paleoenvironmental change. It has been demonstrated that present offshore export of particles in the bottom nepheloid layer occur primarily with downwelling from the northeast winter monsoon, which is inhibited by a transverse circulation pattern in summer. This current system was very different during the Last Glacial Maximum owing to low sea level （-120 m） and exposure of a large shelf area. We collected sediment core Oki01 from the middle Okinawa Trough during 2012 using R/V Kexue No. 1 to elucidate the timing and cause of the current system transition in the East China Sea. Clay mineral, dry density, and elemental （Ti, Ca） composition of core Oki01 was analyzed. The results indicate that clay minerals derived mainly from the Huanghe （Yellow） and the Changjiang （Yangtze） Rivers during 16.0-11.6 ka, and the modem current system in the East China Sea formed beginning in the early Holocene. Therefore, mixing of East China Sea continental shelf, Changjiang River and partially Taiwan Island sediment are the major contributors. The decrease of log（Ti/Ca） and alternating provenance since the early Holocene indicate less sediment from the East China in summer because of resistance of the modern current system, i.e., a ＂water barrier＂ and upwelling. Conversely, sediment delivery persists in winter and log（Ti/Ca） indicates the winter monsoon signal since the early Holocene. Our evidence also suggests that sediment from Taiwan Island could be transported by the Kuroshio Current to the middle Okinawa Trough, where it mingles with winter monsoon- induced export of sediment from the Changjiang River and East China Sea continental shelf. Although the present research advances understanding of the evolutionary history of paleoenvironmental change in the Okinawa Trough, more sediment cores should be retrieved over wide areas to construct a larger scenario.展开更多
The Xiashu loess is a typical Quaternary eolian deposit in southem China and represents an important terrestrial paleoclimate archive in this low-latitude monsoon region. However, the chronological framework of Xiashu...The Xiashu loess is a typical Quaternary eolian deposit in southem China and represents an important terrestrial paleoclimate archive in this low-latitude monsoon region. However, the chronological framework of Xiashu loess deposition has yet to be established. Determining the timing of the onset of Xiashu loess deposition will allow researchers to better understand late Quaternary aridification across the Asian continent, the evolution of the East Asian monsoon and regional environmental changes in subtropical regions. Therefore, in this study, a systematic chronological study of the Xiashu loess is conducted to answer this question. For the first time, magnetostratigraphic classification reveals that the Matuyama/Bnmhes （M/B） reversal is present in the Xiashu loess at two sites in Jiangsu Province, the Qingshan profile at Yizheng and the Dagang core in Zhenjiang. Based on the results of magnetostratigraphy and optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） dating, the age of the lower boundary of the Xiashu loess is estimated to be approximately 0.9 Ma. Consequently, this Xiashu loess deposit is the oldest reported to date and is comparable in age to the red soil deposit in Xuancheng, Anhui Province. The onset of Xiashu loess deposition by 0.9 Ma represents the further expansion of arid range in Asia in the late Quaternary in response to significant aridification and winter monsoon strengthening in this subtropical region. We suggest that these climate changes were primarily driven by global cooling and an increase in high-latitude ice volume in the Northern Hemisphere and that the initiation of Xiashu loess accumulation was a regional response of southern China to the 0.9 Ma global cooling event.展开更多
Based on a δ180 chronology, rare earth elements （REE） and other typical elements in sediments from core MD06-3047 in the western Philippine Sea were analyzed to constrain the provenances of the sediments and invest...Based on a δ180 chronology, rare earth elements （REE） and other typical elements in sediments from core MD06-3047 in the western Philippine Sea were analyzed to constrain the provenances of the sediments and investigate quantitative changes in the Asian eolian input to the study area over the last 700 ka. Among the competing processes that might affect REE compositions, sediment provenance is the most important one. Provenance analysis suggests that the study sediments have two provenance end-members; local volcanic sources are dominant, and eolian dust from the Asian continent has a smaller contribution. During glacial periods, eolian input to the western Philippine Sea was enhanced. In contrast, material supply from local volcanics in- creased during interglacial periods. Changes in eolian input to the study area were probably related to the strength of the East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM） as well as aridity in the Asian continent on an orbital time scale, and were partly influenced by local control factors on shorter time scales. Therefore, we propose that the present study expands the application of the REE-based method for quantitatively estimating the eolian component from the mid-latitude northern Pacific to the low-latitude western Pacific. Additionally, the study preliminarily confirms the influence of EAWM-transported eolian materi- al on sedimentation in the western Philippine Sea since 700 ka.展开更多
文摘额济纳绿洲位于我国极端干旱区,该地额济纳剖面(41°46.36'N,101°09.26'E)的地层含1层现代流动沙丘、8层古流动沙丘、18层古半固定沙丘、14层古固定沙丘、2层沙质弱成土和2层沙黄土-亚沙土。根据对该剖面11个14C年代样品测试和263个粒度样品的分析结果,本文确定了这套以沙丘沙沉积为主的沉积序列主要是2.5 ka BP以来气候一风沙地貌过程的产物,并详细讨论了自那时以来不同沉积类型的粒度及其Mz、σ和SC/D等分布规律和成因问题。这一研究结果表明:①额济纳剖面古流动沙丘沙、古半固定沙丘沙和古固定沙丘沙无论在粒度组成还是在Mz、σ分布上,都分别与现代流动沙丘沙、半固定沙丘沙和固定沙丘沙颇为相似,这为该剖面沙丘类型的划分提供了重要依据;相对这三类沙丘沙而言,沙黄土-亚沙土和沙质弱成土的沙物质含量显著降低,而粉沙和粘土含量明显增高,显示出沙丘嗣后的较强的成土作用和一定的土壤化过程。②该剖面古流动沙丘沙或古半固定沙丘沙与上覆的古固定沙丘或沙黄土-亚沙土或者是沙质弱成土可以构成11.5个沉积旋回,其每一个旋回又表现为颗粒由粗变细,Mz(Φ)、SC/D由小到大和σ显示的由分选好到变差的粒度旋回变化,代表了一个“沙漠化”时期被嗣后的“绿洲化”时期替代的正逆交替变化过程。③2.5 ka BP以来额济纳绿洲经历了11.5个旋回的“沙漠化”与“绿洲化”的生态环境变迁,在时间上具有若干百年时间尺度的环境变化,其驱动因子主要与自那时以来东亚冬夏季风交替演变有关。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41430965,41376057)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA11030302)
文摘The Okinawa Trough is a natural laboratory for the study of air-sea interaction and paleoenvironmental change. It has been demonstrated that present offshore export of particles in the bottom nepheloid layer occur primarily with downwelling from the northeast winter monsoon, which is inhibited by a transverse circulation pattern in summer. This current system was very different during the Last Glacial Maximum owing to low sea level （-120 m） and exposure of a large shelf area. We collected sediment core Oki01 from the middle Okinawa Trough during 2012 using R/V Kexue No. 1 to elucidate the timing and cause of the current system transition in the East China Sea. Clay mineral, dry density, and elemental （Ti, Ca） composition of core Oki01 was analyzed. The results indicate that clay minerals derived mainly from the Huanghe （Yellow） and the Changjiang （Yangtze） Rivers during 16.0-11.6 ka, and the modem current system in the East China Sea formed beginning in the early Holocene. Therefore, mixing of East China Sea continental shelf, Changjiang River and partially Taiwan Island sediment are the major contributors. The decrease of log（Ti/Ca） and alternating provenance since the early Holocene indicate less sediment from the East China in summer because of resistance of the modern current system, i.e., a ＂water barrier＂ and upwelling. Conversely, sediment delivery persists in winter and log（Ti/Ca） indicates the winter monsoon signal since the early Holocene. Our evidence also suggests that sediment from Taiwan Island could be transported by the Kuroshio Current to the middle Okinawa Trough, where it mingles with winter monsoon- induced export of sediment from the Changjiang River and East China Sea continental shelf. Although the present research advances understanding of the evolutionary history of paleoenvironmental change in the Okinawa Trough, more sediment cores should be retrieved over wide areas to construct a larger scenario.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41571188,41671191,41690111&40971004)
文摘The Xiashu loess is a typical Quaternary eolian deposit in southem China and represents an important terrestrial paleoclimate archive in this low-latitude monsoon region. However, the chronological framework of Xiashu loess deposition has yet to be established. Determining the timing of the onset of Xiashu loess deposition will allow researchers to better understand late Quaternary aridification across the Asian continent, the evolution of the East Asian monsoon and regional environmental changes in subtropical regions. Therefore, in this study, a systematic chronological study of the Xiashu loess is conducted to answer this question. For the first time, magnetostratigraphic classification reveals that the Matuyama/Bnmhes （M/B） reversal is present in the Xiashu loess at two sites in Jiangsu Province, the Qingshan profile at Yizheng and the Dagang core in Zhenjiang. Based on the results of magnetostratigraphy and optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） dating, the age of the lower boundary of the Xiashu loess is estimated to be approximately 0.9 Ma. Consequently, this Xiashu loess deposit is the oldest reported to date and is comparable in age to the red soil deposit in Xuancheng, Anhui Province. The onset of Xiashu loess deposition by 0.9 Ma represents the further expansion of arid range in Asia in the late Quaternary in response to significant aridification and winter monsoon strengthening in this subtropical region. We suggest that these climate changes were primarily driven by global cooling and an increase in high-latitude ice volume in the Northern Hemisphere and that the initiation of Xiashu loess accumulation was a regional response of southern China to the 0.9 Ma global cooling event.
基金supported by the Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of the OceanState Oceanic Administration of the People’s Republic of China(Grant No.201005003)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41376064,41230959,41106043,and 41076033)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2007CB815903)
文摘Based on a δ180 chronology, rare earth elements （REE） and other typical elements in sediments from core MD06-3047 in the western Philippine Sea were analyzed to constrain the provenances of the sediments and investigate quantitative changes in the Asian eolian input to the study area over the last 700 ka. Among the competing processes that might affect REE compositions, sediment provenance is the most important one. Provenance analysis suggests that the study sediments have two provenance end-members; local volcanic sources are dominant, and eolian dust from the Asian continent has a smaller contribution. During glacial periods, eolian input to the western Philippine Sea was enhanced. In contrast, material supply from local volcanics in- creased during interglacial periods. Changes in eolian input to the study area were probably related to the strength of the East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM） as well as aridity in the Asian continent on an orbital time scale, and were partly influenced by local control factors on shorter time scales. Therefore, we propose that the present study expands the application of the REE-based method for quantitatively estimating the eolian component from the mid-latitude northern Pacific to the low-latitude western Pacific. Additionally, the study preliminarily confirms the influence of EAWM-transported eolian materi- al on sedimentation in the western Philippine Sea since 700 ka.
