强台风“黑格比”暴雨洪涝特征及成因分析

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析0814号强台风"黑格比"引发华南西南部严重暴雨洪涝特征及其成因。结果显示:①2008年9月下旬副高强度偏强,位置偏北偏西,台风易受其南侧偏东气流引导而西行;②台风"黑格比"强度强,辐合上升运动强烈,触发强降雨;③南海夏季风增强和季风辐合带北抬,西南暖湿气流强盛,增强了辐合上升运动,并为台风降雨带来了源源不断的水汽,使降雨加强和持续;④除了气象因素外,地形对西行台风降雨量的显著增幅作用,是造成强台风"黑格比"暴雨洪涝的重要原因。

A Review of the Asian-Pacific Monsoon

Research on the Asian-Pacific monsoon has a long history. This paper starts by summarizing field experiments investigating the Asian-Pacific monsoon. Since the 1960s, a number of international and regional monsoon projects and field experiments have been carried out, and substantial progress regarding research on the Asian-Pacific monsoon has been made. Second, the onset and the seasonal march of the Asian summer monsoon and the annual cycle of active and break periods of the monsoon, which are characterized by precipitation maxima and minima, are studied. Since the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ or TCZ) is the dominating weather system and is the major birthplace of typhoons and tropical convective systems, the monsoonal rainfall and ITCZ are analyzed after the onset of the Asian mon- soon. Finally, because the ITCZ has a close relationship with tropical convective systems and rainfall events in monsoon regions, analyses of the developments of deep convection and rainfall events are briefly introduced.

例谈“调动和运用地理知识、基本技能”的能力

根据《普通高中地理考试大纲》的要求,高考主要考查学生获取和解读地理信息、描述和阐释地理事物、地理基本原理与规律以及调动和运用地理知识、基本技能及论证与探讨地理问题这四大能力,其中以调动和运用地理知识、基本技能的能力最为关键。在高考地理复习中,往往通过专题讲解与训练来达到这一要求。专题复习也多是通过搭建知识框架、题型剖析、对比分析等进行思维整合,促进这一能力的提升。下面结合部分实例,略谈"调动和运用地理知识、基本技能"的能力培养的一些设想和探究方法,以供广大教师参考与借鉴。