几类异质1BL/1RS小麦雄性不育系诱导孤雌生殖性的研究

系统调查了 4种异质 (即偏凸、粘果、易变和二角山羊草细胞质 ) 1 BL/1 RS小麦雄性不育系与其一系列异质同核系、同质异核系、异质异核系杂交、回交世代诱导孤雌生殖性的遗传变异规律、染色体分裂行为和对外表现特点 ,结果表明 :1 .异源细胞质与小麦 1 BL/1 RS核型专一互作 ,有着消弱同源染色体配对 ,提高中期单价体细胞频率的作用 ;2 .特定细胞质背景下 ,专一核型内细胞单价体频率高低与诱导孤雌生殖性的频率直接相关 ;3.1 BL/1 RS易位染色体中易位片段所存在系列差异以及 1 BL/1 RS易位染色体外基因型背景不同 ,诱导孤雌生殖性的频率明显不同 ;4.提高或抑制不同杂交、回交世代间孤雌生殖频率 ,不育系母本或不同基因型父本有着同等重要的作用 ,选择最佳父母本组合杂交可明显提高或降低后代群体中的孤雌生殖性频率。

浙江金华棉花粉蚧种群的产两性孤雌生殖

棉花粉蚧是近年来入侵我国的重要害虫,关于该虫在我国的入侵种群的生殖方式缺乏详细研究。本文在室内条件下对棉花粉蚧浙江金华种群的生殖方式进行了观察。结果显示孤雌生殖的棉花粉蚧可以产下雌性和雄性后代。孤雌生殖的棉花粉蚧的产卵前期为14.8 d,显著长于两性生殖的6.9 d;孤雌生殖的棉花粉蚧所产后代为348.3头,显著少于两性生殖的棉花粉蚧的494.1头;孤雌生殖的棉花粉蚧的雌虫总历期为57.2 d,明显长于两性生殖的32.8 d。但这2种生殖方式产下后代的性比差异并不显著,孤雌生殖的为1.1,而两性生殖的为1.2。该棉花粉蚧种群的生殖方式为兼性产两性孤雌生殖。

Comparative investigation on spindle behavior and MPF activity changes during oocyte maturation between gynogenetic and amphimictic crucian carp

The spindle behavior and MPF activity changes in the progression of oocyte maturation were investigated and compared with cytological observation and kinase assay between gynogenetic silver crucian carp and amphimictic colored crucian carp. MPF activity was measured by using histone H1 as phosphorylation substrate. There were two similar oscillatory MPF kinase activity changes during oocyte maturation in two kinds of fishes with different reproductive modes, but there existed some subtle difference between them. The subtle difference was that the first peak of MPF kinase activity was kept to a longerlasting time in the gynogenetic silver crucian carp than in the amphimictic colored crucian carp. It was suggested that the difference may be related to the spindle behavior changes, such as tripolar spindle formation and spindle rearrangement in the gynogenetic crucian carp.