The economic growth of China has led to increasing growth disparities between regions. Such disparities are uncontrolled and are severely negative symptoms in the process of economic development. On the basis of syste...The economic growth of China has led to increasing growth disparities between regions. Such disparities are uncontrolled and are severely negative symptoms in the process of economic development. On the basis of system dynamics(SD) modeling and the relationship between industrial relocation and regional economic growth, we construct a model of the interrelationship between the two aforementioned phenomena. The model is an effective and creative exploration for examining effects of industrial relocation on Chinese regional economic growth disparities. The SD model is employed in this study to build an inter-regional labor migration SD model, an inter-regional capital migration SD model, an intra-industry SD model, an intra-regional population SD model, and an intra-regional SD model which are based on realities in labor and capital flow from the view of industrial relocation. VENSIM software is utilized to perform a system simulation based on the data of the eastern, middle, and western regions from 2000 to 2010. Results show that industrial relocation gradually narrows the relative disparity in GDP among the three regions. Moreover, the absolute one is enlarged continuously. The absolute and relative disparities in per capita GDP among eastern, middle, and western regions generally exhibit decreasing trends.展开更多
Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate is an important manufacturing base in Thailand, particularly for the production of steel and for the refining and production of petrochemical products. As Thailand is the leader for petro...Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate is an important manufacturing base in Thailand, particularly for the production of steel and for the refining and production of petrochemical products. As Thailand is the leader for petrochemical and refining businesses within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations （ASEAN）, from upstream to intermediate and downstream manufacturing units, Map Ta Phut also plays a major role in chemical and energy development in the region. Not only has Map Ta Phut become a unique and modem industrial complex, which continues to expand rapidly, but it also exemplifies Thailand＇s effort to develop a comprehensive heavy industrial zone. Although industrial expansion has helped to create employment, income, and prosperity for some local communities in the coastal Rayong province, it has also created concern about inequity between areas with fast developing industries and surrounding communities. These concerns eventually led to widespread protests by locals and non-governmental organizations. Despite the adherence by companies to all environmental regulations, especially the environmental impact assessment, and their proactive participation in many activities to improve the province＇s standard of living and quality of life, public concerns have not decreased, Hence, companies must rethink and reposition their pursuit of technological development. They also need to achieve harmony so that industry can coexist with communities and be friendly to the environment as a whole. Astute large companies recognize that achieving a fine balance among the three aspects of life： economy, social, and ecology can be part of a new industrial development strategy.展开更多
In today＇s world, entrepreneurship is seen as the vital source for economic growth, and education in the creation and development of entrepreneurial attitudes. It is, therefore, natural to consider female students as...In today＇s world, entrepreneurship is seen as the vital source for economic growth, and education in the creation and development of entrepreneurial attitudes. It is, therefore, natural to consider female students as the primary resource of future entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship as a career option is becoming increasingly desirable. Responding to this need, many colleges and universities around the world have significantly increased their offerings of entrepreneurship courses over the past 25 years. Entrepreneurship courses are not only offered by Business Institutes, but other faculties like Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, Engineering, and Information Technology are also offering these courses in their syllabus. The problem under focus was to examine entrepreneurial mindset among female university students, a study of University of Jos. The study also ascertained the rate at which variables like： perception of entrepreneurship, role model and university＇s role to promote entrepreneurship are translated into entrepreneurial mindset of female students of University of Jos. A sample size of about 400 was adopted from the three Faculties of Management Science, Natural Sciences, and Social Sciences which were selected at random. Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed using simple percentage and presented in tables and charts, the hypothesis which states that there is no significant relationship between the teaching of entrepreneurship and university female students＇ entrepreneurial mindset which was tested using z-test analyses of population proportion earlier conducted. This implies a weak relationship between the teaching of entrepreneurship and university female students＇ entrepreneurial mindset. Based on the above inference, the research recommended that, as providers of entrepreneurship trainings, universities must create entrepreneurship supportive environment that could encourage entrepreneurial activity which would in turn help develop an enterprise culture among the female students.展开更多
The small- and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） are crucial to economic growth, especially in post-socialist transitional countries or new emerging market economies. The development of SMEs depends on the ability of ...The small- and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） are crucial to economic growth, especially in post-socialist transitional countries or new emerging market economies. The development of SMEs depends on the ability of those firms to invest and grow. Based upon an SME survey conducted by Riinvest Institute at the end of 2010, this paper seeks to provide answers on determinants of SMEs to invest in Kosovo, based on an econometric model which identifies the key determinants of SMEs＇ investment. The econometric evidence suggests a positive relationship between investment and the size and age of the company. Also, the decision of the firm to invest depends on the future business plans; if entrepreneurs have optimistic views about the future of the business, this encourages them to invest. The manufacturing and trade sectors invest more, so do exporting firms, which may be because of bigger market opportunities. Access to external sources of finance is another significant determinant of investment, suggesting that firms which gained credit invested more than other firms in the sample.展开更多
The changes in labor supply and demand are important factors affecting economic growth.The purpose of this paper is to predict and analyze the trends in China's labor supply and demand during the 13 th Five-Year P...The changes in labor supply and demand are important factors affecting economic growth.The purpose of this paper is to predict and analyze the trends in China's labor supply and demand during the 13 th Five-Year Plan period and the longer period in the future.The scale and structure of the annual new entrants of labor force are predicted by accounting the numbers who are leaving from various stages of education.while trends of labor demand are predicted according to employment elasticity from the experience of industrialization of developed countries. The results show that, during the 13 th FiveYear Plan period.the scale of the new added labor would decrease slightly, with an average annual increment of around 15.68 million. At the same time.labor demand would increase steadily, with annually 15.42 million employment opportunities. Labor supply and demand would be roughly balanced; however,there would be increasing structural contradictions of the labor market.Based on the analysis of labor supply and demand,we provide an estimation of the unemployment scale of the 40's and 50's generations,migrant workers and college graduates,and discuss policy suggestions on promoting employment of college graduates.展开更多
Since 2010, there has been renewed discussion on China＇s economic future. After 30 years of breakneck economic growth, China＇s position in the world economy is more important than ever and people must understand how...Since 2010, there has been renewed discussion on China＇s economic future. After 30 years of breakneck economic growth, China＇s position in the world economy is more important than ever and people must understand how China＇s economic dominance will change the world economy. Some economists who are bearish about China＇s future believe that China＇s growth engine will lose fire in the next two or three years. To address their predictions about China＇s future, the author will address three themes： （11） Why did China manage to grow so rapidly？ （2） How long will China keep growing？ （3） Can China＇s economy keep growing in the future？ By analyzing the theory of inadequate consumer demand in China and by evaluating the general patterns of China＇s basic advantages in education, technology and human capital and industrial upgrading, the author explicitly argue why it is unlikely for China to fall into the ＂middle-income trap. ＂展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41171099)National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2012CB955802)National Social Science Foundation of China(No.10ZD&022)
文摘The economic growth of China has led to increasing growth disparities between regions. Such disparities are uncontrolled and are severely negative symptoms in the process of economic development. On the basis of system dynamics(SD) modeling and the relationship between industrial relocation and regional economic growth, we construct a model of the interrelationship between the two aforementioned phenomena. The model is an effective and creative exploration for examining effects of industrial relocation on Chinese regional economic growth disparities. The SD model is employed in this study to build an inter-regional labor migration SD model, an inter-regional capital migration SD model, an intra-industry SD model, an intra-regional population SD model, and an intra-regional SD model which are based on realities in labor and capital flow from the view of industrial relocation. VENSIM software is utilized to perform a system simulation based on the data of the eastern, middle, and western regions from 2000 to 2010. Results show that industrial relocation gradually narrows the relative disparity in GDP among the three regions. Moreover, the absolute one is enlarged continuously. The absolute and relative disparities in per capita GDP among eastern, middle, and western regions generally exhibit decreasing trends.
文摘Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate is an important manufacturing base in Thailand, particularly for the production of steel and for the refining and production of petrochemical products. As Thailand is the leader for petrochemical and refining businesses within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations （ASEAN）, from upstream to intermediate and downstream manufacturing units, Map Ta Phut also plays a major role in chemical and energy development in the region. Not only has Map Ta Phut become a unique and modem industrial complex, which continues to expand rapidly, but it also exemplifies Thailand＇s effort to develop a comprehensive heavy industrial zone. Although industrial expansion has helped to create employment, income, and prosperity for some local communities in the coastal Rayong province, it has also created concern about inequity between areas with fast developing industries and surrounding communities. These concerns eventually led to widespread protests by locals and non-governmental organizations. Despite the adherence by companies to all environmental regulations, especially the environmental impact assessment, and their proactive participation in many activities to improve the province＇s standard of living and quality of life, public concerns have not decreased, Hence, companies must rethink and reposition their pursuit of technological development. They also need to achieve harmony so that industry can coexist with communities and be friendly to the environment as a whole. Astute large companies recognize that achieving a fine balance among the three aspects of life： economy, social, and ecology can be part of a new industrial development strategy.
文摘In today＇s world, entrepreneurship is seen as the vital source for economic growth, and education in the creation and development of entrepreneurial attitudes. It is, therefore, natural to consider female students as the primary resource of future entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship as a career option is becoming increasingly desirable. Responding to this need, many colleges and universities around the world have significantly increased their offerings of entrepreneurship courses over the past 25 years. Entrepreneurship courses are not only offered by Business Institutes, but other faculties like Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, Engineering, and Information Technology are also offering these courses in their syllabus. The problem under focus was to examine entrepreneurial mindset among female university students, a study of University of Jos. The study also ascertained the rate at which variables like： perception of entrepreneurship, role model and university＇s role to promote entrepreneurship are translated into entrepreneurial mindset of female students of University of Jos. A sample size of about 400 was adopted from the three Faculties of Management Science, Natural Sciences, and Social Sciences which were selected at random. Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed using simple percentage and presented in tables and charts, the hypothesis which states that there is no significant relationship between the teaching of entrepreneurship and university female students＇ entrepreneurial mindset which was tested using z-test analyses of population proportion earlier conducted. This implies a weak relationship between the teaching of entrepreneurship and university female students＇ entrepreneurial mindset. Based on the above inference, the research recommended that, as providers of entrepreneurship trainings, universities must create entrepreneurship supportive environment that could encourage entrepreneurial activity which would in turn help develop an enterprise culture among the female students.
文摘The small- and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） are crucial to economic growth, especially in post-socialist transitional countries or new emerging market economies. The development of SMEs depends on the ability of those firms to invest and grow. Based upon an SME survey conducted by Riinvest Institute at the end of 2010, this paper seeks to provide answers on determinants of SMEs to invest in Kosovo, based on an econometric model which identifies the key determinants of SMEs＇ investment. The econometric evidence suggests a positive relationship between investment and the size and age of the company. Also, the decision of the firm to invest depends on the future business plans; if entrepreneurs have optimistic views about the future of the business, this encourages them to invest. The manufacturing and trade sectors invest more, so do exporting firms, which may be because of bigger market opportunities. Access to external sources of finance is another significant determinant of investment, suggesting that firms which gained credit invested more than other firms in the sample.
文摘The changes in labor supply and demand are important factors affecting economic growth.The purpose of this paper is to predict and analyze the trends in China's labor supply and demand during the 13 th Five-Year Plan period and the longer period in the future.The scale and structure of the annual new entrants of labor force are predicted by accounting the numbers who are leaving from various stages of education.while trends of labor demand are predicted according to employment elasticity from the experience of industrialization of developed countries. The results show that, during the 13 th FiveYear Plan period.the scale of the new added labor would decrease slightly, with an average annual increment of around 15.68 million. At the same time.labor demand would increase steadily, with annually 15.42 million employment opportunities. Labor supply and demand would be roughly balanced; however,there would be increasing structural contradictions of the labor market.Based on the analysis of labor supply and demand,we provide an estimation of the unemployment scale of the 40's and 50's generations,migrant workers and college graduates,and discuss policy suggestions on promoting employment of college graduates.
文摘Since 2010, there has been renewed discussion on China＇s economic future. After 30 years of breakneck economic growth, China＇s position in the world economy is more important than ever and people must understand how China＇s economic dominance will change the world economy. Some economists who are bearish about China＇s future believe that China＇s growth engine will lose fire in the next two or three years. To address their predictions about China＇s future, the author will address three themes： （11） Why did China manage to grow so rapidly？ （2） How long will China keep growing？ （3） Can China＇s economy keep growing in the future？ By analyzing the theory of inadequate consumer demand in China and by evaluating the general patterns of China＇s basic advantages in education, technology and human capital and industrial upgrading, the author explicitly argue why it is unlikely for China to fall into the ＂middle-income trap. ＂
