“学业文化资本”的彰显与式微:精英大学农村第一代大学生的求学历程

21世纪以来,中国高等教育的快速扩张帮助更多的农村家庭子女进入大学,这一群体在基础教育阶段的“成功崛起”和在高等教育阶段的“融入困境”成为学术界关注的议题。文章以一位由贫困山区考入精英大学的女生“小蝶”的求学历程为研究对象,考察其在基础教育阶段取得教育“成功”的突围机制和在高等教育阶段面临困境的原因,以及不同教育场域中“成功”与“困境”背后的关联性。研究发现,“读书”是帮助农村女性成功击破“底层社会再生的聚拢力”、实现向上流动的重要途径。这是因为,基础教育阶段以“学业文化资本”为主的选拔标准与评估制度,在一定程度上抑制了家庭背景以及精英型文化对个体教育成就的决定性作用,为具备“亲学校文化”的农村子女提供了通过读书实现阶层突围的制度性保障。与基础教育阶段不同的是,精英大学场域中的主导文化是精英型文化,学生的出身以及出身背后习得的“精英型文化资本”的质量对个体的影响在该阶段开始凸显,先前“学业文化资本”对个体的功能被削弱。此时,文化再生产开始发挥作用,对不具备精英型文化资本的农村子女启动排斥机制,导致像“小蝶”这样的农村学生在精英大学中面临多重困境。文化再生产理论在中国情境中“失效”,是因为对进入精英大学的农村学生而言,文化再生产并非不存在,也没有被他们打败,它只是推迟了对农村学生启动排斥与淘汰机制的时间。实际上,在基础教育与高等教育两个场域中,主导文化资本类型的差异导致了“寒门贵子”不同的生命境遇。

在韩中国留学生学业文化适应性研究

本研究的目的在于为了了解在韩中国留学生的学业文化适应,通过质性研究根据每个学生不同的特点,来了解和发现他们在学业文化适应中的经历。为了达成此目的,本研究对首尔的S大学里的8名在校中国留学本科生通过深度访谈的方法进行资料收集后通过定性个案研究的方法进行分析。分析结果最终分出了“两国间的教育文化差异”、“语言屏障”、“心理因素”、“人际因素”4个大的主题。通过本研究,对了解中韩教育的差异性和留学生文化学业适应的深层原因上提供一个可靠的参考依据,并为今后留学生更加适应韩国的留学生活,以及制定和研发相关的对策方案提供一个很好的参考资料。

高原农牧区中学生理科学习兴趣对学业自我效能感的影响:文化心理的链式中介作用

为探讨高原农牧区中学生理科学习兴趣对学业自我效能感的影响,采用问卷调查法,选取青藏高原地区海拔介于2380 m-3850 m之间的4所高中,共1043名中学生为样本。结果发现:农牧区中学生的理科学习兴趣和学业自我效能感处于中等水平,普遍持有强烈的学业文化心理特征;理科学习兴趣与理科学业能力、行为自我效能感之间均存在显著的正相关;理科学习兴趣与社群义务、学习职责、交往驱动和自信感知等学业文化心理之间均存在显著的正相关;学业文化心理特征可显著正向地预测理科学业自我效能感,且在理科学习兴趣和学业自我效能感之间存在链式中介作用。因此,要把培养学生的理科学习兴趣作为理科教学的重要目标,关注高原农牧区中学生的文化心理作用,培育积极的理科学业效能感。

学业文化差异下的高等教育过程公平问题探析

中国语境下的高等教育具有极强的社会公平意涵,除了目前得到更多关注的高等教育入学机会和培养结果的公平外,培养过程的公平同样值得重视。作为社会化的重要环节,高等教育阶段的培养和塑造对于人的影响深远。在对一所名牌高校的本科毕业生调研中,不同学生在学业文化上存在显著差异,父母受教育程度高的学生更喜欢自由博放的教育,希望教育具有挑战性;而父母受教育程度低的则偏向实用技术,希望课程难度降低。因此,在高等教育改革中更应以人的发展为中心,以促进培养过程的公平。

Using Mixed Methods to Investigate the Relationship Between Student Motivation and Academic Achievement From Socio-Cultural Perspective

Language learning is a complex process for many reasons. First, it is closely related to linguistics. Second, language is social as it occurs within certain social contexts. And finally, it is individual. Personal characteristics such as experience, gender and age, attitude and aptitude, motivation, beliefs, self-confidence, and anxiety greatly influence language learning. Among these variables, motivation is considered to be one of the most important factors affecting the success of second or foreign language learning. However, the relationship between motivation and educational achievement is not quite clear. In the current literature, motivation is regarded as socially constructed, therefore as dynamic rather than static. Little research has been conducted on the motivation of Vietnamese students studying English as a compulsory curriculum component rather than as a major from a socio-cultural perspective. Understanding the relationship between student motivation and academic achievement as well as the socio-cultural factors that affect students＇ motivation will be an important contribution to motivation theory. Therefore, the situation requires longitudinal and in-depth research into student motivation, the factors affecting it during the learning process, and the relationship between student motivation and academic achievement. A mixed method approach has been chosen to meet the needs of the study. It is believed that insights in these areas will help address the issue of motivation at the Police University.

The openness of cultural industries： what can China learn from other countries

This study aims to raise policy suggestions to China＇ s openness in cultural industries by doing cross-country comparison. Due to the dual attributes of cultural industries, the openness of cultural industries has demonstrated special features globally. To promote the development of China＇ s cultural industries, the effort should be paid to transfer culture resources into cultural products, to distinguish the responsibility of government and market, to integrate the value chain, to diversify revenue sources and to foster open environment.

Collegian Cultural Form of the American Entrepreneurial Universities and Its Enlightenment

The cultural form of entrepreneurial university has the academic entrepreneurial characteristics, which agrees with the background of economic era. MIT and Stanford University are the models of American entrepreneurial universities, and the spiritual culture, system culture, material culture and behavior culture elements of academic entrepreneurial characteristics depend on each other, influence each other and have a good cycle of cultural form, which is the internal driving mechanism of MIT and Stanford University towards entrepreneurial university development. In this cultural structure, the contradictory unity of academic and entrepreneurship, tile interaction between science and hummaity, the mutual promotion of innovation and entrepreneurship have the enlightenment significance for the construction of entrepreneurial university.

Science and Sensibility： A Restudy of Snow＇s ＂The Two Cultures＂ in The Masters

Charles Percy Snow declared his influential Rede Lecture, ＂The Two Cultures＂, in 1959. In his famous lecture, he told us that the most powerful revolutionary force in the world today is science, science is essentially progressive, and the scientific culture is also a newer one. So Snow, after excluding scientific culture from the whole culture, calls the rest of the whole culture traditional culture. In his opinion, science is more important than humanities. All these ideas are faithfully reflected in his earlier literary work The Masters （1972b）. Snow＇s favor toward men of sciences in the novel is self-evident. ＂The Masters, therefore, may be considered as a political science novel rather than as a political novel＂. It was the Industrial Revolution which created our sensibility

The Strategy of Integrating Enterprise Culture into College English Teaching Under the New Curriculum Reform

With the overall promotion of the new curriculum reform, teachers’ teaching ideas have greatly changed. Under this background, how to apply the concept of new curriculum reform guide the reform of college English teaching is an important task. Therefore, it is very important to study the teaching strategies of college English teaching. Culture and language are complementary and inseparable, which requires us to carry out cultural teaching during English teaching process. In this paper, we focus on the strategy of integrating enterprise cultures into college English teaching, and discuss several cultural teaching problems in college English class. As a language required course, English not only strengthen the learners’ language skills, but also enhance humanistic quality of students. However, current college English teaching takes the examination as the goal, which cannot meet the needs of the learner’s professional stuff. We propose the strategy of integrating the professional background into English teaching, in order to improve the students’ ability of comprehensive application of English and the professional quality.

Enterprise Soft Power Cultivation on Philosophy View

The perspective of philosophical thinking on lifting enterprise soft power requires us to enhance both hard power and soft power in the enterprise and to grasp more the fundamental contradiction-promoting soft power of corporation-at the same time. Focusing on the environment-relationship economy, emotional economy, cultural economy and moral economy-faced by enterprise, corporation should take relationship building, feeling cultivation, cultm＇e construction and integrity establishment as an origin of force to improve the image, the group cohesion force, the social credibility and the cultural strength of the company.

The Role of EFL/ESL Teachers＇ Idiosyncratic Knowledge Base in Their Professional Development in the Postmethod Premise

The present paper examines an EFL/ESL teacher＇s potential in generating and developing his/her own knowledge base and theories of teaching and learning independent of the knowledge base manufactured by the ＂experts＂ in those fields. It also makes an effort to pave the way for them to go beyond the edge and advance towards an innovation that deviates from simple, certain, controlled and established ways of teaching and conducting researches towards complex, uncertain and less-controlled ones. It scrutinizes how instead of simply testing, ＂idealizing and reifying＂ the traditional, already established literature, an EFL/ESL teacher takes it as a point of departure in order to develop their own framework based on their practical experiences. The readymade professional theories and pedagogies are mostly generalizations--sometimes overgeneralizations---of the patrons of certain ideology to privilege a certain political or cultural group to place it over others. This usually sets barrier to an individual teacher＇s professional development since they are often set back from ＂theorizing what they practice and practice what they theorize＂ denying his/her idiosyncratic knowledge base that is convincingly capable of helping him/her grow professionally. It also leads to denying the teachers＇ and learners＇ socio-politico-cultural faiths that mould up a person as a whole. However, this paper also recognizes the traditional knowledge base as the ground for individual teachers to leap offand advance towards innovation.

Abstract Artist Xu Dongdong

TALKING with Xu Dongdong is a pleasure.His gentle voice with its authentic Beijing burr is easy on the ear.Occasionally laughing out loud,he reveals a frank and free personality.Our topics of discussion ranged from the arts and philosophy to quantum mechanics,from traditional Oriental culture to the industrial revolution in the West,and from his early years in painting studies to the Chinese-style abstract paintings that he now

Study on Current Situation and Countermeasures of English Language Culture Teaching for English Majors in Local Normal Universities

At present, English language teaching for English majors in local normal universities in China has been restricted by many aspects of factors, and the current situation is not optimistic. The main reason for this situation is that the teachers and students of English majors in some local normal universities have some deviation in understanding the English language. The teachers can not have the right attitude towards English language culture teaching,and they make one-sided emphasis on the skill learning of English language majors,but ignore the normal teaching of professional English language culture. To improve this situation and improve the overall level of English majors in normal univerities, it requires us teachers and students to work together, improving the overall level of this course from the two aspects of ＂teaching＂ and ＂learning＂ , in order to help students to truly grasp the English language culture and skillfully use English in daily life and work.

On the Value Cultivation of Chinese University English Majors

Foreign language education should integrate cultural teaching into the training of linguistic skills. Values, as the core of culture and moral education, should be paid enough attention to. During the study process of Chinese university English majors, they inevitably encounter enormous information of Western cultures and values, and their own values may come into conflict with the ones they meet. So the English teachers have the responsibility to help the students construct correct values. Such principles as cultivating critical thinking, offering the course of Chinese culture and using group discussions and activities should be followed during instruction to facilitate the value cultivation among English majors

The Desert Spontaneous Plants Used in Saharan Phytotherapy： Case of Tidikelt Region

The local plant resources adapted to the desert harsh geomorphologicl environment are a landmark that characterizes the Saharan region： erg, dunes, and wadis. This work emphasizes on some results obtained through a study conducted in 2011, based on surveys and field observations in the Tidikelt oases （in Salah, wilaya of Tamenrasset） which is implanted in the south of Algeria. The objective was the study of traditional herbal medicine using the spontaneous medicinal herbs, which constitute one of the socio-cultural aspects of Saharan society in Algeria. Traditional medicine is one reflect of the knowledge and how to live of the local population. Desert people know the various herbs ＇Achebe＇, and its nomenclature. They indicated their site or places of local presence, as well as its own peculiarities and their uses. Our goal is to contribute in enhancing the interest of valorization of these plants in the therapeutic and eventually industrial uses. For that, we need to integrate this perspective into local economic development policies valuing the diversity of plant resources from Tidikelt in the Algerian Sahara.

The Puritan Culture and Entrepreneurial Education Idea in American Universities

The USA is one of the very developed countries with entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities.After more than half a century of development,it has reached a mature stage,and the formation of the concept of entrepreneurial education has advanced.In this paper, through the analysis of entrepreneurship education thought by Jeffrey Timmons as the representative of the America University entrepreneurship education idea, it finds out the Puritan culture factors,in order to better understand the basis and provides the reference of college enterprise education in China.

Apply the visual management in the nursing education to carry forward the spirit of Nightingale

Apply the visual management in the teaching of the nursing education, and strengthen the cultivation of the spirit of Nightingale of the nursing students. According to the characteristics of the method of the visual management, using the visual and iconic teaching methods, construct the scene and the atmosphere of the rich cultural atmosphere, to stimulate the students＇ human emotional experience. Through several approaches, carry forward the spirit of Nightingale education of the nursing students, and make the students establish the lofty values of the nursing occupation, to provide the nursing care of high quality for the patients.

Animation art forms and aesthetic characteristics

In a very shocking symbol, animation art leads us to the continuing social and philosophical problems. With its unique hypothetical language as the human spirit and emotional material carrier, animation art passes various social messages to people. The value of animation art lies in the certain form of expression to convey characteristics of the content and spirit, which is the core issues that Chinese animation industry worthy of attention and research. Animation art as a cultural transmission symbols, bears culture spreading. The combination of cultural heritage and the new animation language means is an important way for animation art to direct towards the life of road. At the same time, let the excellent national culture and art forms combine with modem advanced technology and make innovation and creativity. Only in this way can China＇s animation talent with a new, unique appearance presented to the audience and occupy an important seat in the world animation art.

Positive Psychology in Staff Motivation

Nowadays, China under the background of economic transition, the process of urbanization and industrialization is speeding up, people＇s living and working under increasing pressure. Meanwhile, due to various reasons, our enterprises have not yet fully out of the shadow of the economic crisis, the development of small and medium enterprises are facing various bottlenecks. In this study, incentive theory put forward a more systematic incentive policy from the perspective of positive psychology. On personal level, training employee＇s positive personality, inspiring their self-efficacy, providing multi-faceted training, all this can contribute to positive psychological capital. At the organizational level, by building a positive organizational culture and creating an organizational relationship full of love to contribute to good incentive effect.

Estonia： The Prospects of Nuclear Energy

This paper details the prospects for a civil nuclear power station in Estonia. Due to its climate change commitments, Estonia needs a new source of electricity provision. There is little academic literature on Estonia, and this research builds upon previous work but is more detailed in its analysis with primary data included in the form of interviews with Estonian energy industry experts. All the conditions that have led to nuclear energy being considered as an option are assessed, along with why it represents the most strategic path for Estonia in terms of electricity provision. Through the interview analysis a framework is established and advanced for the successful initiation of a national nuclear power plant project. This research is therefore of high value for small EU countries who intend to consider nuclear energy as an option in their energy mix or have more advanced plans to develop a nuclear program.