The effect of Batroxobin expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in left temporal ischemic rats with spatial memory disorder was investigated by means of Morri's water maze and immunohistochemical metho...The effect of Batroxobin expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in left temporal ischemic rats with spatial memory disorder was investigated by means of Morri's water maze and immunohistochemical methods. The results showed that the mean reaction time and distance of temporal ischemic rats for searching a goal were significantly longer than those of sham-operated rats and at the same time NCAM expression of left temporal ischemic region was significantly increased. However, the mean reaction time and distance of Batroxobin-treated rats were shorter and they used normal strategies more often and earlier than those of ischemic rats. The number of NCAM immune reactive cells of Batroxobin-treated rats was more than that of ischemic group. In conclusion, Batroxobin can improve spatial memory disorder of temporal ischemic rats and the regulation of the expression of NCAM is probably related to the neuroprotective mechanism.展开更多
Machine learning has been widely applied to deal with problems in complex environment such as RoboCup, which is assumed as the ideal platform for research on AI and robotic. In RoboCup simulation league, software agen...Machine learning has been widely applied to deal with problems in complex environment such as RoboCup, which is assumed as the ideal platform for research on AI and robotic. In RoboCup simulation league, software agents play soccer games on an official soccer server over the network. When constructing these software agents, issues in area of agents learning techniques arise to satisfy the properties specified by agent theorists. This paper presented an overview of the agents learning used in the simulator teams. Many kinds of agents learning techniques were reported and compared. It also provided open questions for discussing and pointed out some possible answers to verify in near future.展开更多
While the basic model of learning masculinity is fathers, how, exactly, a fatherless boy learned masculity？ How and where did the children growing up without traditional family structure learn to be men？ This study ...While the basic model of learning masculinity is fathers, how, exactly, a fatherless boy learned masculity？ How and where did the children growing up without traditional family structure learn to be men？ This study examines a specific group of children – young apprentices in medeival England – in order to reconstruct how fatherless sons learned the concept of masculinity. To further the question – did the separation of their natal fathers during their youth made boys less masculine？ By examining the indentures, court records and various administrative records, this study demonstrates that, apprentices went through more masculine relationships than the children grew up with their fathers’ prescence, because masters wielded he supreme power which made them de facto “surrogate fathers”. This study also manisfests that apprenticeship was the extension of fatherhood, because it led apprentices to experience absolute subordination to their masters, reducing them to the position of “full-dependence” in their social communities.展开更多
This paper investigates a non-Bayesian social learning model, in which each individual updates her beliefs based on private signals as well as her neighbors＇ beliefs. The private signM is involved in the updating pro...This paper investigates a non-Bayesian social learning model, in which each individual updates her beliefs based on private signals as well as her neighbors＇ beliefs. The private signM is involved in the updating process through Bayes＇ rule, and the neighbors＇ beliefs are embodied in through a weighted average form, where the weights are time-varying. The authors prove that agents eventually have correct forecasts for upcoming signals, and all the beliefs of agents reach a consensus. In addition, if there exists no state that is observationally equivalent to the true state from the point of view of all agents, the authors show that the consensus belief of the whole group eventually reflects the true state.展开更多
文摘The effect of Batroxobin expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in left temporal ischemic rats with spatial memory disorder was investigated by means of Morri's water maze and immunohistochemical methods. The results showed that the mean reaction time and distance of temporal ischemic rats for searching a goal were significantly longer than those of sham-operated rats and at the same time NCAM expression of left temporal ischemic region was significantly increased. However, the mean reaction time and distance of Batroxobin-treated rats were shorter and they used normal strategies more often and earlier than those of ischemic rats. The number of NCAM immune reactive cells of Batroxobin-treated rats was more than that of ischemic group. In conclusion, Batroxobin can improve spatial memory disorder of temporal ischemic rats and the regulation of the expression of NCAM is probably related to the neuroprotective mechanism.
文摘Machine learning has been widely applied to deal with problems in complex environment such as RoboCup, which is assumed as the ideal platform for research on AI and robotic. In RoboCup simulation league, software agents play soccer games on an official soccer server over the network. When constructing these software agents, issues in area of agents learning techniques arise to satisfy the properties specified by agent theorists. This paper presented an overview of the agents learning used in the simulator teams. Many kinds of agents learning techniques were reported and compared. It also provided open questions for discussing and pointed out some possible answers to verify in near future.
文摘While the basic model of learning masculinity is fathers, how, exactly, a fatherless boy learned masculity？ How and where did the children growing up without traditional family structure learn to be men？ This study examines a specific group of children – young apprentices in medeival England – in order to reconstruct how fatherless sons learned the concept of masculinity. To further the question – did the separation of their natal fathers during their youth made boys less masculine？ By examining the indentures, court records and various administrative records, this study demonstrates that, apprentices went through more masculine relationships than the children grew up with their fathers’ prescence, because masters wielded he supreme power which made them de facto “surrogate fathers”. This study also manisfests that apprenticeship was the extension of fatherhood, because it led apprentices to experience absolute subordination to their masters, reducing them to the position of “full-dependence” in their social communities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61074125 and 61104137the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61221003the National Key Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China under Grant No.2010CB731403
文摘This paper investigates a non-Bayesian social learning model, in which each individual updates her beliefs based on private signals as well as her neighbors＇ beliefs. The private signM is involved in the updating process through Bayes＇ rule, and the neighbors＇ beliefs are embodied in through a weighted average form, where the weights are time-varying. The authors prove that agents eventually have correct forecasts for upcoming signals, and all the beliefs of agents reach a consensus. In addition, if there exists no state that is observationally equivalent to the true state from the point of view of all agents, the authors show that the consensus belief of the whole group eventually reflects the true state.
