A methodology is presented whereby a neural network is used to learn the inverse kinematic relationships of the position and orientation of a six joint manipulator. The arm solution for the orientation of a manipulato...A methodology is presented whereby a neural network is used to learn the inverse kinematic relationships of the position and orientation of a six joint manipulator. The arm solution for the orientation of a manipulator using a self organizing neural net is studied in this paper. A new training model of the self organizing neural network is proposed by thoroughly studying Martinetz, Ritter and Schulten′s self organizing neural network based on Kohonen′s self organizing mapping algorithm using a Widrow Hoff type error correction rule and closely combining the characters of the inverse kinematic relationship for a robot arm. The computer simulation results for a PUMA 560 robot show that the proposed method has a significant improvement over other methods documented in the references in self organizing capability and precision by training process.展开更多
According to the further exploration into constructivism theory, the author illustrates the application of this theory to China＇s college English teaching, especially in the new perspective of student-determined lear...According to the further exploration into constructivism theory, the author illustrates the application of this theory to China＇s college English teaching, especially in the new perspective of student-determined learning.展开更多
Learner autonomy is a matter of explicit or conscious intention. Learners cannot accept responsibility for their own learning unless they have some ideas of what, why, and how they are trying to learn. This paper argu...Learner autonomy is a matter of explicit or conscious intention. Learners cannot accept responsibility for their own learning unless they have some ideas of what, why, and how they are trying to learn. This paper argues that learner autonomy may be promoted through strategy-based instruction. The intent of strategy-based instruction is to help all students become better language learners. When students begin to understand their own learning processes and can exert some control over these processes, they tend to take more responsibility for their own learning and become more autonomous. Teachers may conduct strategy-based instruction by complementing such activities as preparation, practice, evaluation and expansion.展开更多
The paper reports on collaborative learning approach to a remedial class in Dynamics. It uses the Kolb model and 4MAT learning system to introduce a learning cycle based on collaborative problem solving exercises. The...The paper reports on collaborative learning approach to a remedial class in Dynamics. It uses the Kolb model and 4MAT learning system to introduce a learning cycle based on collaborative problem solving exercises. The teaching approach based on learning cycle is described giving examples of different teaching elements applied in particular quadrants of the learning cycle. The attitude of students and their different approaches to, learning are presented and discussed in detail. The results presented cover different aspects of the course delivery and students＇ perception. The results include students＇ statistics with respect to their registration and previous history related to the course, their motivatiion, assessment and satisfaction with the approach applied. This initial introduction of cooperative activities into the remedial Dynamics class can be assessed as a positive step in increasing student understanding and performance in the course. The students＇ positive reception of the non-traditional teaching method and their overall improved performance seem to confirm the advantages of collaborative leaming. In terms of the final grades, the results of the experiment were not as good as expected. However, the application of 4MAT learning system which exposed students to a variety of diverse learning styles improved the quality of education. The positive aspect of the experiment was the attitude of students and their acceptance of the new mode of course delivery. In conclusion collaborative learning could be extended beyond remedial groups to normal student classes.展开更多
WORI is the Production-Oriented Approach to reading in the TEFL context of China. It is intended to enhance English learners＇ proficiency in writing and reading. By asking questions to draw learners＇ attention to th...WORI is the Production-Oriented Approach to reading in the TEFL context of China. It is intended to enhance English learners＇ proficiency in writing and reading. By asking questions to draw learners＇ attention to the professional writers＇ choices concerning organization, development, style, and diction, teachers explicitly guide learners to observe, analyze, study, apperceive, so as to learn about their writing thinking and strategies. By designing a variety of reading-to-write tasks, teachers endeavour to activate learners＇ writing thinking developed in writing-oriented reading activities to have such writing thinking fixed in mind and internalized. The WORI also fosters English learners＇ autonomy of sustaining development in reading, writing, as well as their English learning.展开更多
Our voluntary project ran in different groups of adults （healthy, depressed, schizophrenic, and clients with anxiety disorders）. The study is based on analysis of personal counseling experience, where literature was...Our voluntary project ran in different groups of adults （healthy, depressed, schizophrenic, and clients with anxiety disorders）. The study is based on analysis of personal counseling experience, where literature was used as a tool to disclose client＇s personal meanings. During our sessions, clients were observed phenomenologically, and their speach was written down. Reflecting on the qualitative data of transformative learning in language arts, we developed techniques for facilitation and disclosure of personal meanings. Grounded theory was used for data generalization： Personal educational insights and its comparison with other researchers＇ theoretical insights were the basis to develop the methodical system for psychological guidance and counseling and to explain it. We revealed that focus on personally important meanings during discussion after literature reading has influence on the mental state of personality and deepens the interactions with the literature art, so we suggest a spiral model to explain the methodical system of our method. Transformative learning in language arts as a method of guidance and counseling can be understood as spiritual motion by spirale. It has three levels： （1） art level （interaction with the literature）; （2） psychology level （counseling）; and （3） art level （interaction with the same peace of literature as in the beginning of the session, poetic summary of the session）. Levels （1） and （3） mean interaction with literature art, but at the third level, this interaction has new quality, because personality has better perception of Self and more ability to connect personal meanings and literature wisdom. At the first level, we have direction from literature to Personality. At the third level, we have direction from the Self （Speaking from Within） to literature. Disclosure of personally important meanings is a key to self-understanding and poetical thinking; our developed methodical system reduces emotional tension and strengthens interconnectedness between inner and outer world and improves poetical understanding. In this paper, the methodical system of transformative learning and guidance is discussed.展开更多
In the colleges and universities, the relationship between the instructors and the students is very close. The counselors carry out the scientific and reasonable management on the life and learning of the students, an...In the colleges and universities, the relationship between the instructors and the students is very close. The counselors carry out the scientific and reasonable management on the life and learning of the students, and the students meet with the problems in their life and learning and exchange and communicate timely with the counselors, which is the process to realize the functions of the counselors. Then the management of the instructors built on the psychological contract is the more perfect, comprehensive, and scientific management mode. This kind of the management mode is not only very conducive to the development of the students, but also conducive to the interaction and communication between the counselors and the students. In a relaxed and harmonious atmosphere, the student＇s development will be more healthy and positive. This paper elaborates and analyzes several aspects in view of the management of the psychological contract of the university counselors.展开更多
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have been receiving considerable attention due to their promising applications in many optoelectronic fields. However, the optical bandgap of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite is stil...Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have been receiving considerable attention due to their promising applications in many optoelectronic fields. However, the optical bandgap of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite is still disputed. In order to comprehend the intrinsic characteristics of these materials, we study the near-band-edge optical responses of the solution-processed CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite crystals by photoconductivity and reflectance spectroscopy at room temperature. All these spectra of the CH3NH3PbI3 polycrystals show only one significant absorption edge at 1.58 eV. However, we observe an extra absorption edge at 1.47 eV in CH3NH3PbI3 single crystal. We establish a simple kinetic model of charge annihilation processes to explain why the low-energy structure of the photoconductivity and diffuse reflectance spectra of CH3NH3PbI3 polyerystals disappear, which provides another possibility for understanding the difference in absorption edge. It is noteworthy that this low-energy absorption edge of CH3NH3PbI3 single crystal has, to the best of our knowledge, seldom been reported on organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites. Therefore, the CH3NH3PbI3 single crystal exhibits a relatively wide absorption which makes it a promising candidate for photoelectric applications.展开更多
文摘A methodology is presented whereby a neural network is used to learn the inverse kinematic relationships of the position and orientation of a six joint manipulator. The arm solution for the orientation of a manipulator using a self organizing neural net is studied in this paper. A new training model of the self organizing neural network is proposed by thoroughly studying Martinetz, Ritter and Schulten′s self organizing neural network based on Kohonen′s self organizing mapping algorithm using a Widrow Hoff type error correction rule and closely combining the characters of the inverse kinematic relationship for a robot arm. The computer simulation results for a PUMA 560 robot show that the proposed method has a significant improvement over other methods documented in the references in self organizing capability and precision by training process.
文摘According to the further exploration into constructivism theory, the author illustrates the application of this theory to China＇s college English teaching, especially in the new perspective of student-determined learning.
文摘Learner autonomy is a matter of explicit or conscious intention. Learners cannot accept responsibility for their own learning unless they have some ideas of what, why, and how they are trying to learn. This paper argues that learner autonomy may be promoted through strategy-based instruction. The intent of strategy-based instruction is to help all students become better language learners. When students begin to understand their own learning processes and can exert some control over these processes, they tend to take more responsibility for their own learning and become more autonomous. Teachers may conduct strategy-based instruction by complementing such activities as preparation, practice, evaluation and expansion.
文摘The paper reports on collaborative learning approach to a remedial class in Dynamics. It uses the Kolb model and 4MAT learning system to introduce a learning cycle based on collaborative problem solving exercises. The teaching approach based on learning cycle is described giving examples of different teaching elements applied in particular quadrants of the learning cycle. The attitude of students and their different approaches to, learning are presented and discussed in detail. The results presented cover different aspects of the course delivery and students＇ perception. The results include students＇ statistics with respect to their registration and previous history related to the course, their motivatiion, assessment and satisfaction with the approach applied. This initial introduction of cooperative activities into the remedial Dynamics class can be assessed as a positive step in increasing student understanding and performance in the course. The students＇ positive reception of the non-traditional teaching method and their overall improved performance seem to confirm the advantages of collaborative leaming. In terms of the final grades, the results of the experiment were not as good as expected. However, the application of 4MAT learning system which exposed students to a variety of diverse learning styles improved the quality of education. The positive aspect of the experiment was the attitude of students and their acceptance of the new mode of course delivery. In conclusion collaborative learning could be extended beyond remedial groups to normal student classes.
文摘WORI is the Production-Oriented Approach to reading in the TEFL context of China. It is intended to enhance English learners＇ proficiency in writing and reading. By asking questions to draw learners＇ attention to the professional writers＇ choices concerning organization, development, style, and diction, teachers explicitly guide learners to observe, analyze, study, apperceive, so as to learn about their writing thinking and strategies. By designing a variety of reading-to-write tasks, teachers endeavour to activate learners＇ writing thinking developed in writing-oriented reading activities to have such writing thinking fixed in mind and internalized. The WORI also fosters English learners＇ autonomy of sustaining development in reading, writing, as well as their English learning.
文摘Our voluntary project ran in different groups of adults （healthy, depressed, schizophrenic, and clients with anxiety disorders）. The study is based on analysis of personal counseling experience, where literature was used as a tool to disclose client＇s personal meanings. During our sessions, clients were observed phenomenologically, and their speach was written down. Reflecting on the qualitative data of transformative learning in language arts, we developed techniques for facilitation and disclosure of personal meanings. Grounded theory was used for data generalization： Personal educational insights and its comparison with other researchers＇ theoretical insights were the basis to develop the methodical system for psychological guidance and counseling and to explain it. We revealed that focus on personally important meanings during discussion after literature reading has influence on the mental state of personality and deepens the interactions with the literature art, so we suggest a spiral model to explain the methodical system of our method. Transformative learning in language arts as a method of guidance and counseling can be understood as spiritual motion by spirale. It has three levels： （1） art level （interaction with the literature）; （2） psychology level （counseling）; and （3） art level （interaction with the same peace of literature as in the beginning of the session, poetic summary of the session）. Levels （1） and （3） mean interaction with literature art, but at the third level, this interaction has new quality, because personality has better perception of Self and more ability to connect personal meanings and literature wisdom. At the first level, we have direction from literature to Personality. At the third level, we have direction from the Self （Speaking from Within） to literature. Disclosure of personally important meanings is a key to self-understanding and poetical thinking; our developed methodical system reduces emotional tension and strengthens interconnectedness between inner and outer world and improves poetical understanding. In this paper, the methodical system of transformative learning and guidance is discussed.
文摘In the colleges and universities, the relationship between the instructors and the students is very close. The counselors carry out the scientific and reasonable management on the life and learning of the students, and the students meet with the problems in their life and learning and exchange and communicate timely with the counselors, which is the process to realize the functions of the counselors. Then the management of the instructors built on the psychological contract is the more perfect, comprehensive, and scientific management mode. This kind of the management mode is not only very conducive to the development of the students, but also conducive to the interaction and communication between the counselors and the students. In a relaxed and harmonious atmosphere, the student＇s development will be more healthy and positive. This paper elaborates and analyzes several aspects in view of the management of the psychological contract of the university counselors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11574302,61474114,61674141,61504134,21503209&11704032)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2015CB921503,2014CB643503&2013CB632805)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program(Grant Nos.2016YFB0402303&2016YFB0400101)Key Research Program of Frontier Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDB-SSW-SLH006)
文摘Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have been receiving considerable attention due to their promising applications in many optoelectronic fields. However, the optical bandgap of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite is still disputed. In order to comprehend the intrinsic characteristics of these materials, we study the near-band-edge optical responses of the solution-processed CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite crystals by photoconductivity and reflectance spectroscopy at room temperature. All these spectra of the CH3NH3PbI3 polycrystals show only one significant absorption edge at 1.58 eV. However, we observe an extra absorption edge at 1.47 eV in CH3NH3PbI3 single crystal. We establish a simple kinetic model of charge annihilation processes to explain why the low-energy structure of the photoconductivity and diffuse reflectance spectra of CH3NH3PbI3 polyerystals disappear, which provides another possibility for understanding the difference in absorption edge. It is noteworthy that this low-energy absorption edge of CH3NH3PbI3 single crystal has, to the best of our knowledge, seldom been reported on organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites. Therefore, the CH3NH3PbI3 single crystal exhibits a relatively wide absorption which makes it a promising candidate for photoelectric applications.
