澳大利亚小学水教育评价——以昆士兰州《学习生命之水》教育项目为例

《学习生命之水》是澳大利亚昆士兰州开发的一个水教育项目,主要面向从学前班到七年级的学生。该教育项目目前提供的教学材料包括基本教学资源、澳大利亚国家教学大纲相关资源、教师需要掌握的背景知识、支撑材料和教师资料库五个部分,内容包括水循环、水源、水储存、水资源保护和水的有效使用等。它的很多成功做法可为我国当前正在大力开展的水文化教育提供借鉴。

澳大利亚学前儿童水教育述评——以昆士兰州“学习生命之水”教育项目为例

昆士兰州"学习生命之水"教育项目1课程设计系统全面,在澳大利亚学前儿童2水教育课程建设中颇具代表性。其学前阶段的课程设计在教学主题选择和学习领域拓展方面能够适应学前儿童心理发育的特点和认知发展的需要;在教育情景的创造方面较好体现了昆士兰教育研究会推出的《学龄前儿童教学指导》提出的要求。它的很多成功做法对国内同等层次水教育的开展具有很大借鉴意义。

深刻学习 强抓基础 全面做好矿井防治水工作——对《煤矿防治水规定》解读

通过深刻学习领会《煤矿防治水规定》,认识到只有从强化水文地质基础管理工作入手,加强防治水技术管理,完善各项水害防治制度和岗位责任制,加大水害隐患排查治理力度,全面做好矿井防治水工作,才能实现矿井安全生产。

咖啡因对慢性刺激过程中小鼠行为和学习记忆的影响

目的探讨咖啡因对慢性刺激小鼠行为和学习记忆的影响。方法选取28只C57BL/6J小鼠,随机分为正常组(n=10):空白+0.15ml生理盐水;刺激组(n=8):慢性刺激+0.15ml生理盐水;药物组(n=10):慢性刺激+15mg/kg咖啡因。刺激组和药物组分别孤养,并接受持续10周的慢性不可预知温和刺激。结合旷场实验和Morris水迷宫方法,评价小鼠的行为和学习记忆能力。结果 10周后刺激组和药物组的水平穿越格子数[(118.50±12.20)次,(80.10±16.02)次)]都明显高于正常组(49.00±10.05)次(P<0.01);水迷宫测试中,药物组定位航行训练第1天的潜伏期明显短于正常组和刺激组[(13.12±2.27)s,(27.34±5.00)s,(30.62±4.54)s](P<0.05);药物组和正常组体重增加量[(3.40±0.37)g,(5.40±0.69)g]有明显差异(P<0.05),10周后药物组和正常组体重[(24.60±0.43)g,(26.60±0.62)g]有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论长期慢性低剂量咖啡因注射可以减缓慢性刺激下小鼠体重增加,同时还能加强刺激状态下小鼠的空间学习记忆能力;长期慢性刺激也能加强小鼠的探索行为。

肝脏部分切除术对不同月龄小鼠皮质酮分泌和学习记忆功能的影响

目的观察肝脏部分切除术对不同月龄小鼠皮质酮分泌和学习记忆功能的影响。方法分别将4月龄和16月龄C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为3个亚组,即对照组、麻醉组、手术组。经相应处理后12 h每组随机抽取10～15只小鼠测定血清皮质酮浓度,其余各组小鼠于第31天进行Morris水迷宫测试。结果(1)血清皮质酮浓度:在同月龄小鼠的3个亚组中,手术组明显高于对照组和麻醉组(P<0.05或P<0.01),但麻醉组与对照组之间比较差异无统计学意义。在不同月龄小鼠间,16月龄小鼠的对照组和麻醉组均明显高于4月龄小鼠的相应各组(P<0.05或P<0.01);(2)水迷宫测试潜伏期:4月龄组小鼠在各时间点3个亚组间均无明显差异。而16月龄组小鼠的手术组在第1、2、4、5天时均明显短于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);(3)水迷宫测试总路程:4月龄小鼠手术组在第1天时明显长于对照组和麻醉组(P均<0.05)。16月龄小鼠手术组在第2、4、5天时明显短于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);麻醉组在第2天时明显短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论肝脏部分切除术对两种月龄小鼠均造成了明显的应激反应。该反应对4月龄小鼠术后远期学习记忆功能无明显影响,但改善了16月龄小鼠术后远期的学习记忆功能。

小学语文“视域融合”教学范式的教学策略

"视域融合"教学范式的策略,主要以语文教学中的师生为共同主体,以师生互动交流为指向,为了增进学生的学习和发展,且突出强调学生的"学"的策略。这一策略的制订和应用,主要是为了完成学生、教师、教材编者与学习内容四者之间的"视域融合",进而达到提高学生学习能力整体水平的目的。因此,"视域融合"教学策略在行动规范及方式的选择上,就必须要遵循课堂教学,尤其是小学语文课堂教学的基本规律了。一、动力调节策略实施动力调节策略,主要是为了拓展学生的期待视野。

Geant4 Comparative Study of Affecting Different Parameters on Optical Photons Related to the Plastic Scintillation Detector

In this research, different parameters of plastic scintillator detector were investigated by Geant4 simulation toolkit. These parameters consisted of radius, length and position of PMT as well as surface reflective type and finish options. Furthermore, response time distributions of two organic plastic materials were studied. The results indicated that collecting optical photons has a linear relationship with PMT radius head. Also, the vertical location of PMT has a non-linear relationship with the optical photons collection. However, the collection decreased by increasing PMT length or moving PMT head horizontal position. The response functions of two plastic scintillator materials were in good agreement with experimental published results. Also, Geant4 radiation transport code can simulate incident radiation photon and predict subsequent events to the PMT head very well. The results indicated that BC-404 has faster scintillation properties versus BC-400 organic scintillator materials. Comparison between Geant4 outputs illustrates that the best reflector material and surface finish type for optical photons is ground TiO2.

Dealumination kinetics of composite ZSM-5/mordenite zeolite during steam treatment: An in-situ DRIFTS study

To get a better understanding of structural deactivation of ZSM-5/MOR during the catalytic cracking of n-heptane in the steam atmosphere, a comprehensive mechanism of hydrothermal dealumination was proposed through in-situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(DRIFTS) in this work. The mechanism can be divided into two steps: firstly, the hydrolysis of four Al\\O bonds, and secondly, the self-healing of Si\\OH bonds accompanied with partial condensation of the extra-framework Al species. Accordingly, the kinetics of dealumination process has also been fully discussed. In the IR spectra, the range of 3450–3850 cm^(-1) could be deconvolved to distinguish the hydroxyl groups on the different position and calculate the consumption of each hydroxyl group during the reaction. Based on results from the in-situ DRIFTS, the kinetics of dealumination was hence developed and also in well agreement with the kinetics of deactivation of ZSM/MOR catalysts during the reaction in the presence of little coke deposits.

Evaluating geological and geotechnical data for the study of land subsidence phenomena at the perimeter of the Amyntaio coalmine,Greece

Land subsidence phenomena caused by the overexploitation of the aquifers require the holistic knowledge of the geological, tectonic, hydrogeological and especially the geotechnical conditions of the affected sites in order to be mitigated. The current paper focuses on the study of the phenomena taking place at the Amyntaio sub-basin, northern Greece, hosting the homonymous open pit coal mine,operating there the last two decades. The mining as well as the rising agriculture activities have led to a significant drawdown of the ground water level triggering extensive ground subsidence phenomena,causing damages at the nearby villages, infrastructure and farmlands. The production and evaluation of engineering geological–geotechnical maps as well as of thematic tectonic and hydrogeological maps proved that the knowledge of this data is crucial for the interpretation of the land subsidence mechanism and the spatial distribution of its effects.

Deep learning-based intelligent management for sewage treatment plants

It is generally believed that intelligent management for sewage treatment plants(STPs) is essential to the sustainable engineering of future smart cities.The core of management lies in the precise prediction of daily volumes of sewage.The generation of sewage is the result of multiple factors from the whole social system.Characterized by strong process abstraction ability,data mining techniques have been viewed as promising prediction methods to realize intelligent STP management.However,existing data mining-based methods for this purpose just focus on a single factor such as an economical or meteorological factor and ignore their collaborative effects.To address this challenge,a deep learning-based intelligent management mechanism for STPs is proposed,to predict business volume.Specifically,the grey relation algorithm(GRA) and gated recursive unit network(GRU) are combined into a prediction model(GRAGRU).The GRA is utilized to select the factors that have a significant impact on the sewage business volume,and the GRU is set up to output the prediction results.We conducted a large number of experiments to verify the efficiency of the proposed GRA-GRU model.

Genre Effect on L2 Syntactic Complexity and Holistic Rating for Writing Quality of Intermediate EFL Learners

This exploratory study examines whether genre has an impact on syntactic complexity and holistic rating in EFL writing. Over 300 sample texts produced by intermediate learners were collected from a test and some regular after-class assignments for English writing courses. Each participant completed two writing tasks, one argumentative and the other narrative. Results show that genre type has a significant impact on L2 syntactic complexity. Genre effect is found stronger with timed writing tasks. L2 holistic ratings show correlation with syntactic complexity on the different measure(s) depending on genre type and planning conditions. Regression analyses reveal that for timed writing tasks, clausal density(clauses per sentence) is a reliable predictor for holistic assessment on intermediate EFL learners’ writing quality. It is found to account for 6% of the score variance for timed writing and 10% for timed argumentative writing. Genre is evidenced to be related to EFL writing holistic ratings. Closer examination indicates that while syntactic complexity is predictive of holistic writing scores for argumentative writing, it does not correlate with holistic scores for narrative writing. Other linguistic features rather than syntactic complexity may be accountable. Overall, the study lends support to genre effect in the relationship between syntactic complexity and L2 writing quality holistic rating.

Internal Loads and Bioavailability of Phosphorus and Nitrogen in Dianchi Lake,China

Sediments have a significant influence on the cycling of nutrient elements in lake environments. In order to assess the distribution characteristics and estimate the bioavailability of phosphorus and nitrogen in Dianchi Lake, organic and inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen forms were analysed. The 210 Pb radiometric dating method was employed to study temporal changes in the phosphorus and nitrogen pools in Dianchi Lake. The result show that the total phosphorus(TP) and total nitrogen(TN) were both at high concentrations, ranging from 697.5–3210.0 mg/kg and 1263.7–7155.2 mg/kg, respectively. Inorganic phosphorus(IP) and total organic nitrogen(TON) were the main constituents, at percentages of 59%–78% and 74%–95%, respectively, in the sediments. Spatially, there was a decreasing trend in phosphorus and nitrogen contents from the south and north to the lake centre, which is related to the distribution pattern of local economic production. The burial rates of the various phosphorus and nitrogen forms increased in same spatially and over time. Particularly in the past two decades, the burial rates doubled, with that TN reached to 1.287 mg/(cm^2·yr) in 2014. As the most reactive forms, nitrate nitrogen(NO_3-N) and ammonia nitrogen(NH_4-N) were buried more rapidly in the south region, implying that the potential for releasing sedimentary nitrogen increased from north to south. Based on their concentrations and burial rates, the internal loads of phosphorus and nitrogen were analysed for the last century. A TP pool of 71597.6 t and a TN pool of 81191.7 t were estimated for Dianchi Lake. Bioavailable phosphorus and nitrogen pools were also estimated at 44468.0 t and 5429.7 t, respectively, for the last century.

Complex Use of the Water Spring Istog

While living in the century of crisis （of energy and water）, more focus should be given on renewable energy. Since Kosovo is more limited in hydro-energy resources than the neighboring countries, it is essential to study them and put to use more efficiently. Subject of this study is Istog spring as it is the most important spring of Mokra Gora together with Vrella and White Drino. The spring is analyzed as a complex resource on water economy providing： fish （trout）, potable water, water for irrigation and hydro-energy （currently not in function）. The focus of the study remains the hydro-energetic component, not just a revitalization process but as an upgrade of the existing facility to increase the capacity by 2-3 times. This study is based on information selection and processing regarding detailed technical and economic analysis providing a method for other springs that will be studied in the future. Two technical solutions to the problem are provided as the best economical and technical solution. Solution I has one level and a calculated flow of 7.5 m^3/s and consists generally of renovation works on existing facilities; Solution 2 plans the construction of another level 3 m lower than the existing one, increasing so both the hydro-power capacity and implementation cost for the project Both solutions provide little to no impact on the spring main attributes. The valley ecology will not be influenced because the water after HPP （Hydro Power Plant） will be flowing in its own bed. After this study, Istog spring will be more attractive to donors and will contribute in improvement of energetic structure in Kosovo that for the time being is poor in hydro component.

Study on the performance of the micropile-mechanically stabilized earth wall

The Micropile-Mechanically Stabilized Earth(MSE) wall, specially designed for mountain roads, is proposed to improve the MSE wall local stability, global stability and impact resistance of roadside barriers. Model tests and the corresponding numerical modeling were conducted to validate the serviceability of the Micropile-MSE wall and the reliability of the numerical method. Then, a parametric study of the stress and deformation of Micropile-MSE wall based on the backfill strength and interfacial friction angle between backfill and backslope is conducted to evaluate its performance.The test results indicate that the surcharge-induced horizontal earth pressure, base pressure and lateral displacement of the wall panel of Micropile-MSE wall decrease. The corresponding numerical results are nearly equal to the measured values. The basic failure mode of MSE wall in steep terrain is the sliding of backfill along the backslope, while A-frame style micropiles are capable of preventing the sliding trend.The maximum resultant displacement can be decreased by 6.25% to 46.9% based on different interfacial friction angles, and the displacement canbe reduced by 6% ~ 56.1% based on different backfill strengths. Furthermore, the reduction increases when the interfacial friction angle and internal friction angle of backfill decrease. In addition, the lateral displacement of wall panel, the deformation of backfill decrease and the tension strain of geogrid obviously, which guarantees the MSE wall functions and provides good conditions for mountain roads.

Study on Hydraulic System Efficiency of Heaving-Buoy Wave Energy Converter

The hydraulic system is the key component in the widely used wave energy converters(WEC).In this paper,we theoretically analyze and describe our investigation of the efficiency of the hydraulic system by simulation and model testing of the combined heaving-buoy WEC.We derive a new governing equation that includes nonlinear hydraulic resistance in the power take-off(PTO).We conducted a physical model experiment based on a 100-kW prototype and applied a hydraulic system with an energy accumulator.The model test results reveal an important parameter related to efficiency with respect to nonlinear hydraulic resistance.We also studied the relationship between the efficiency and the initial conditions.Finally,based on our numerical simulation results,we discuss the effect on efficiency of the gas content of the hydraulic fluid and ways to reduce its impact.

Study of non-revenue water status and enforcement measures to reduce water loss:case study in villages of Kermanshah Province of Iran

In this study, the volume and the cash value of water loss, and reduction of water loss as a result of enforcement action during 2011-2013 in the drinking water network of villages in Kermanshah Province, tran, have been investigated. Date collected by referring to the different parts of rural water and waste water company of Kermanshah Province and checklist were completed. The study showed the volume of produced water and sold water has increased and the water loss percentage has decreased. High cost of water production compared to revenue of sold water and water loss resulted in significant detriments in terms of the water production costs. Water loss level decreased from 33% to 30% as result of measures taken to reduce water loss but, it is still 15% higher than the world average level. Also the reduction in number of water resources and increase in the number and volume of reservoirs indicates a lack of water and a growing need. As result of high water loss, waste of costs in the contrast of water production cost and also because physical water loss accounts for most of the water loss of villages, necessary measures can be effective in reducing loss and have economic justification.

The Influence of Chinese Proficiency and Cultural Background on CFL Learners’Comprehension of Chinese Logogriphs

This study investigates how Chinese logogriphs are comprehended by learners of Chinese as a foreign language(CFL)with different Chinese proficiencies and cultural backgrounds.Eighty-eight CFL learners from four cultures(South Koreans,Southeast Asians,Western Caucasians and Arabs)were divided into two Chinese proficiency groups according to their HSK scores,and 15 L1 Chinese speakers also took part in the experiment as a control group.The participants were asked to write down how they interpreted Chinese logogriphs in questionnaires.An ANOVA analysis was conducted to examine the effects of Chinese proficiency and cultural background on logogriph comprehension.The results indicate that the accuracy of logogriph comprehension and the frequency of adopting logogriph-solving strategies positively correlated with the learners’Chinese proficiency,and that those with higher proficiency used more linguistic and cultural knowledge of the target language.As for cultural influence,Western Caucasians tended to think more visually than the other three cultural groups,and South Koreans and Southeast Asians were better at activating Chinese semantic knowledge.The closer the CFL learners’culture is to Chinese culture,the more similar strategies they adopted to those of L1 Chinese participants.Moreover,the participants’Chinese proficiency and cultural background show an interactive effect on their logogriph comprehension,with the former factor having a greater influence than the latter in this process.

How to Improve Old People＇s Music-Learning Level in the Aging Society —— An analysis of old people＇s psychology in the learning of music

The world has paid more and more attention to the old people＇s life, physiology and mental health, which became a popular and hot issue that attracted the expert＇s sight. Questions of how to teach them, how to create a harmonious teaching environment, how to communicate with them about the key point and how to teach them in a more scientific way need to be considered and discussed further,

Students＇ Attitude and Their Level of the ICT Use as Learning English Media

This study aims to reveal the students＇ attitude towards the use of Information and Communication Technology （ICT） as learning English Media, to describe the level of their ability to use ICT, and to portray their difficulties to apply Internet at universities. This study used quantitative and qualitative （mixed） method which consisted of two data collection techniques： questionnaire and interview. Respondents total 153 students who responded to the questionnaire and participants interviewed were four students from two private universities in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The findings show that students have positive attitude towards ICT use as media for learning English. The data analysis strengthens the results which indicate that Intemet as part oflCT functions helps students to elicit useful information. Of the 99.4% participants respond to the questionnaire which stated strongly agree or agree, its mean score is M = 4.69, and its standard deviation is SD = 0.50. The level of students＇ ability to apply ICT is good. Moreover, interview data indicates that students face two difficulties to apply ICT such as Intemet connection problems and ICT illiteracy. The former is regarding the Intemet facility given by the university. The latter deals with the students＇ incompetence in applying ICT because they have no Intemet use experience.

A Polish College Students＇ Use of Dictionaries in Text Production

The study, conducted in the academic year 2008, explores the potential differences in the use of a dictionary in support of a standard writing task by two student groups at two different proficiency levels. Fifty seven students working on a real classroom assignment were observed; in order to make sure that the subjects behaved as they normally would, they had not been informed that their dictionary behavior was to be observed. The study which shows that the need for a dictionary is smaller in the case of more advanced students may be of interest to those foreign language teachers who fear that giving a student an unlimited access to a dictionary may hamper the development of his expressive abilities. In turn, a marked preference on the part of more advanced students for an L I-L2, paralleled by a sustained interest in information categories typically placed in foreign learner＇s dictionaries suggests that advanced language learners writing in English would probably opt for a lexicographic product combining the best of both dictionary types： an LI-L2 and an MLD.