梳理与阐释：书法学习的理路

学习书法仅靠感性的热情不能解决长期学好的问题。书法学习有其自身的、内在的规律和路径。楷书学习以魏晋小楷、中唐大楷和南北朝时期的碑刻楷书为主,其中“钟王”一系的楷书应为重点。行书学习以“二王”行书、“颜行”和晚清碑帖融合的行书大家的作品为主要取法对象,其中“二王”一系的行书是重点。在楷、行、草诸体衔接与过渡过程中,要考虑其笔法之间的传接性。具备一定篆书功底的人,用“逆推法”学习隶书,显得更为专业,效果会更好。

指向思维进阶的思政课项目式学习

指向思维进阶的项目式学习作为一种教学方式已渗透到初中思政课教学全过程,推动思政课堂改革走向深入。开展项目式学习实践,通过主题设计、问题引导、合作探究、成果展示、评价保障等路径,将思政小课堂与社会大课堂结合起来,促进学科知识逻辑与实践逻辑有效衔接,对助力初中学生思维进阶,进而培养学科关键能力至关重要。

Network traffic flow evolution with battery electric vehicles and conventional gasoline vehicles

In order to investigate the effect of the use of battery electric vehicles on traffic dynamics,the valid paths of electric battery vehicles are defined and a check-based method is proposed to obtain them.Then,assuming that travelers only focus on their past travel experience,a day-to-day traffic assignment model is established based on reinforcement learning and bounded rationality.In the proposed model,the Bush-Mosteller model,a reinforcement learning model,is modified to calculate path choice probability according to bounded rationality.The modified model updates the path choice probability only if the gap between expected travel time and perceived travel time is beyond the cognitive threshold.Numerical experiments validate the effectiveness of the model and show that traffic flows can converge to the equilibrium in any case of cognitive thresholds and penetration rates of battery electric vehicles.The cognitive threshold has a positive influence on the variation of traffic flows while it has a negative influence on the differences between traffic flows.The adaptation of battery electric vehicles leads to the poor performance of the traffic system.