工具取向下的儿童学习重塑——兼论“学习盒子”的教育意蕴

工具之于儿童学习具有至关重要且不可替代的功能与作用,其延伸性与拓展性、激发性与唤醒性、交互性与沟通性、建构性与生发性等特征对儿童高质量学习的发生具有不可估量的价值。学习工具的引入能够重塑儿童学习的方式、组织、评价乃至生态。学习盒子作为一种富有创造性的学习工具,有意义地介入儿童学习的全过程,蕴藏着弥足珍贵的教育财富。

“学习盒子”的内涵特征、理论建构与行动研究

学习盒子是一种强调个体探索、发现和群体经验分享、交流的交互型学习工具,具有主体性、建构性、开放性、融通性等特征。以建构主义理论、交互学习理论、“做中学”理论、具身认知理论等为理论支撑,提炼学习盒子的开发流程,构建课堂教学模型,能很好地凸显学习盒子在驱动儿童交互学习、培养儿童的共同体意识与合作能力等方面的价值。

以“学习盒子”驱动交互性学习的实践研究——以五下《圆的认识》教学为例

教学苏教版五下《圆的认识》一课,教师以学习盒子支持儿童学习的课堂教学模型为实施路径,结合情境任务驱动、交往活动建构、互换机制支撑、全景成果呈现等要素,通过学习盒子驱动儿童开展交互性学习,引导学生经历多维度、深层次的交互,发展核心素养。

基于“学习盒子”的课堂教学模式与操作

基于学习盒子的课堂教学模式以情境任务驱动、交往活动建构、互换机制支撑、全景成果呈现为四大要素,在小学课堂教学中实现了落地,充分展现了该教学模式的可操作性。

以“学习盒子”培养学习共同体的实践研究——以五下《秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感》教学为例

学习盒子在培养学习共同体方面具有一定的优势,能帮助学生储存搜集的资源,在打开中构建资源盒,形成共同的学习目标;采用协商的学习方式,在交换中落实任务盒,完成共同的学习任务;分享彼此的学习过程和思维成果,在评价中展开成果盒,实现共同的学习愿景。

基于STM32的智能家居万能学习型遥控盒子的研究与设计

随着信息化飞速发展,家庭中信息家电种类越来越多,之而来遥控器的数量也越来越多,这给家庭生活带来极大不便。本文基于万能学习型要空盒子在智能家居中的实际应用,提出了一套万能学习型遥控盒子的设计方案。遥控盒子的应用可以实现对家庭中的信息化家电进行统一控制,并且向用户提供交互式图形界面,具有广泛的实践应用意义。

Statin use and the risk of colorectal cancer: A population-based case-control study

AIM: To investigate whether the use of statins is associated with colorectal cancer risk. METHODS: We conducted a population-based case-control study in Taiwan. Data were retrospectively collected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Cases consisted of all patients who were aged 50 years and older and had a first-time diagnosis of colorectal cancer between the period 2005 and 2008. The controls were matched to cases by age, sex, and index date. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: We examined 1156 colorectal cancer cases and 4624 controls. The unadjusted ORs for any statin prescription was 1.10 (95% CI = 0.94-1.30) and the adjusted OR was 1.09 (95% CI = 0.91-1.30). When statin use was categorized by cumulative dose, the adjusted ORs were 0.99 (95% CI = 0.78-1.27) for the group with cumulative statin use below 105 defined daily doses (DDDs); 1.07 (95% CI = 0.78-1.49) for the group with cumulative statin use between 106 and 298.66 DDDs; and 1.30 (95% CI = 0.96-1.75) for the group with cumulative statin use of 298.66 DDDs or more compared with nonusers. CONCLUSION: This study does not provide support for a protective effect of statins against colorectal cancer.

5G无线网络优化系统的设计与实现

为解决现实中无线网络优化工作人工效率低的问题,文章采用黑盒子回归式强制学习、增强学习和聚类算法这三种方法,设计并实现了5G无线网络优化系统。该系统经过对某运营商的大量网络数据进行采集和分析,得出对网络系统参数进行调整的解决方案,实现了5G无线网络优化工作的智能化,可显著提高社会效益和经济效益。

Insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF binding protein-3, and the risk of esophageal cancer in a nested case-control study

To assess the relationship between serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1)/IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) and the risk of esophageal carcinoma.METHODSWe assessed the relationship between the serum levels of these molecules and the risk of esophageal cancer in a prospective, nested case-control study of participants from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. A baseline survey was conducted from 1988 to 1990. Of the 110585 enrolled participants, 35% donated blood samples. Those who had been diagnosed with esophageal cancer were considered cases for nested case-control studies. A conditional logistic model was used to estimate odds ratios for the incidence of esophageal cancer associated with serum IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels.RESULTSThirty-one cases and 86 controls were eligible for the present assessment. The molar ratio of IGF1/IGFBP3, which represents the free and active form of IGF1, was not correlated with the risk of esophageal carcinoma. A higher molar difference between IGFBP3 and IGF1, which estimates the free form of IGFBP3, was associated with a decreased risk of esophageal carcinoma (P = 0.0146), and people in the highest tertile had the lowest risk (OR = 0.107, 95%CI: 0.017-0.669). After adjustment for body mass index, tobacco use, and alcohol intake, the molar difference of IGFBP3-IGF1 was inversely correlated with the risk of esophageal carcinoma (P = 0.0150).CONCLUSIONThe free form of IGFBP3, which is estimated by this molar difference, may be inversely associated with esophageal cancer incidence.

What Is Going on in the Minds of Translators？ A Review of Studies on Translation Process

Border areas have provided significant new research questions as well as fruitful insights and hypotheses. The cognitive and neuropsychologic study of translation process is a good example of this kind. This paper has surveyed various researches on translation process. Studies related to ＂the black box of translation＂ are divided into two categories, i.e., studies adopting think-aloud protocols, and studies from the physiology and neuroscientific perspectives. It has been noted that those studies on translation process have made some progress in the past years Firstly, the participants have undergone a change from language learners to professional translators or interpreters Secondly, the purposes of the studies have a tendency of gradually becoming specific. Thirdly, more rigorous methodologies have been developed, with more and more new technological approaches being applied

Sources of Otto Jespersen＇s Sound Symbolism From Various Disciplines： A Case of Linguistic Historiography

Despite its role in literature, especially in poetics, sound symbolism does not traditionally enjoy a high esteem in linguistics. Ever since the scientific study of language was revolutionized by the Swiss structuralist pioneer Ferdinand de Saussure, sound symbolism tended to be restricted to some peripheral linguistic phenomena. The present essay is an interpretation of first-hand texts. It explores the development of the linguistic idea of sound symbolism scattered in the both linguistic and non-linguistic texts published in German, French, English and other languages. These texts are found to suggest that Saussure was not the only scholar interested in this sound-sense relationship in his age, nor was his idea of arbitrariness the final word on it. The author concludes that a study on the history of sound symbolism has to be accomplished with a trans-disciplinary perspective and the support of multi-lingual texts.

Visual interpretability for deep learning：a survey

This paper reviews recent studies in understanding neural-network representations and learning neural networks with interpretable/disentangled middle-layer representations.Although deep neural networks have exhibited superior performance in various tasks,interpretability is always Achilles' heel of deep neural networks.At present,deep neural networks obtain high discrimination power at the cost of a low interpretability of their black-box representations.We believe that high model interpretability may help people break several bottlenecks of deep learning,e.g.,learning from a few annotations,learning via human–computer communications at the semantic level,and semantically debugging network representations.We focus on convolutional neural networks(CNNs),and revisit the visualization of CNN representations,methods of diagnosing representations of pre-trained CNNs,approaches for disentangling pre-trained CNN representations,learning of CNNs with disentangled representations,and middle-to-end learning based on model interpretability.Finally,we discuss prospective trends in explainable artificial intelligence.

Facial dermatosis associated with Demodex:a case-control study

Demodex has been considered to be related with multiple skin disorders,but controversy persists.In this case-control study,a survey was conducted with 860 dermatosis patients aged 12 to 84 years in Xi'an,China to identify the association between facial dermatosis and Demodex.Amongst the patients,539 suffered from facial dermatosis and 321 suffered from non-facial dermatosis.Demodex mites were sampled and examined using the skin pressurization method.Multivariate regression analysis was applied to analyze the association between facial dermatosis and Demodex infestation,and to identify the risk factors of Demodex infestation.The results showed that total detection rate of Demodex was 43.0%.Patients aged above 30 years had higher odds of Demodex infestation than those under 30 years.Compared to patients with neutral skin,patients with mixed,oily,or dry skin were more likely to be infested with Demodex(odds ratios(ORs) were 2.5,2.4,and 1.6,respectively).Moreover,Demodex infestation was found to be statistically associated with rosacea(OR=8.1),steroid-induced dermatitis(OR=2.7),seborrheic dermatitis(OR=2.2),and primary irritation dermatitis(OR=2.1).In particular,ORs calculated from the severe infestation(≥5 mites/cm2) rate were significantly higher than those of the total rate.Therefore,we concluded that Demodex is associated with rosacea,steroid-induced dermatitis,seborrheic dermatitis,and primary irritation dermatitis.The rate of severe infestation is found to be more correlated with various dermatosis than the total infestation rate.The risk factors of Demodex infestation,age,and skin types were identified.Our study also suggested that good hygiene practice might reduce the chances of demodicosis and Demodex infestation.

A meta-analysis of association between acne vulgaris and Demodex infestation

Until now, etiology of acne vulgaris is still uncertain. Although clinicians usually deny the association between Demodex infestation and acne vulgaris, it has been proved in some clinical practices. To confirm the association between Demodex infestation and acne vulgaris, a meta-analysis was conducted. Predefined selection criteria were applied to search all published papers that analyzed the association between Demodex infestation and acne vulgaris (January 1950 to August 2011) in ISI Web of Knowledge, MEDLINE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on fixed effects models or random effects models. We enrolled the 60 Chinese and 3 English papers in this meta-analysis, which covered Turkey and 25 different provinces/municipalities in China and 42 130 participants in-cluding students and residents, aged from 1 to 78 years. The pooled OR in random effects models is 2.80 (95% CI, 2.34-3.36). Stability is robust according to sensitivity analysis. The fail-safe number is 18 477, suggesting that at least 18 477 articles with negative conclusions would be needed to reverse the conclusion that acne vulgaris was related to Demodex infestation. So the effect of publication bias was insignificant and could be ignored. It was concluded that acne vulgaris is associated with Demodex infestation. This indicates that when regular treatments for acne vulgaris are ineffective, examination of Demodex mites and necessary acaricidal therapies should be considered.

Strongly Gauduchon Spaces

The authors define strongly Gauduchon spaces and the class JG, which aregeneralization of strongly Gauduchon manifolds in complex spaces. Comparing with the case of Kohlerian, the strongly Gauduchon space and the class JG are similar to the Kohler space and the Fujiki class L respectively. Some properties about these complex spaces are obtained. Moreover, the relations between the strongly Gauduchon spaces and the class JG are studied.