内容与结构松耦合的适应性学习资源模型及应用研究

移动互联网的发展改变了学习发生的形态,学习者可以随时随地按需接入学习,为学习的普及化、个性化带来了机遇,同时也带来了学习资源适应性供给的难题。传统学习资源供给依赖专家预设,其内容固化,无法随需求变化动态调整。泛在学习环境下,学习者的情境和需求日益多元,这不仅要求资源在内容上的适应,同时不同需求适应的学习模式也对内容组织结构提出了要求。因此,实现学习资源的即时、适应性供给成为亟待解决的问题。该研究突破传统学习资源内容与结构耦合设计的局限,提出了“内容”与“结构”松耦合的适应性学习资源模型,一方面设计了资源的内容要素,另一方面定义了动态可计算的结构特征。在模型支持下开发了资源动态供给的系统和服务,根据学习者特征实现资源的适应性设计、生成与供给。研究结果表明,“内容”与“结构”松耦合的学习资源模型及其支撑系统能够为较好地支持适应性学习服务,使学习资源供给走向动态生成,也为适应性学习的研究提供参考。

面向泛在学习环境的高等教育学习资源库构建

泛在学习对学习资源库的建设提出了新的要求,本文阐述了泛在学习的定义和特点,在综合分析当前国内高等教育学习资源库建设现状的基础上,从学习资源信息模型设计、学习资源生态系统构建、学习情景感知和个性化学习资源服务这四个方面论述了一个满足泛在学习模式的高等教育学习资源库的构建,并通过应用场景举例演示了该学习资源库的运行效果.

An Empirical Research on the Evolution Model of Competitiveness Between Different Life Cycle Stages in Chinese Enterprises

The characteristic of enterprise competitiveness is different between different life cycle stages. In this paper we surveyed the enterprise competitiveness＇s differences in various stages of the life cycle and the evolution model of three aspects of enterprise com- petitiveness as resource, capability and dynamic capability by questionnaire survey. The result shows that there are significant differences between different life cycle stages of en- terprise competitiveness in China. The enterprise competitiveness is stronger and stronger during the periods from the enterprise＇s birth to maturity, while in the enterprise＇s recession period the competitiveness becomes much weaker. The competitiveness＇s constitutive features in each stage are as follows： in the enterprise＇s born stage the enterprise is lack of resources and its competition mainly relies on the ability; in the enterprise＇s growth stage the enterprise＇s resources become richer and are as important as enterprise＇s ability in the constitution of enterprise competitiveness; in the maturity stage the enterprise＇s people, money and material resources all become very rich but the role of capability in enterprise competitiveness begins to decrease; in the enterprise＇s recession stage the en- terprise resources begin to exhaust, and the enterprise＇s competitiveness returns to rely on capability, and in this period the enterprise＇s learning ability, innovation ability and dynamic mechanisms perform worst, which will affect the enterprise＇s revival and lead to the ultimate death of enterprise. These conclusions have great value for reference to the enterprise＇s competitive strategy making for different life cycle stages.