“学习部”让数学学习焕发创造的活力

新课改把变革学习方式、倡导自主探索、合作交流放在突出的地位。本文从＂学习部＂的含义、理论基础和通过＂学习部＂这一组织形式的开展,来阐述在数学教学中开展数学学习是再创造、再发现的过程,为此,我们在数学教学中应紧紧的围绕这一点,从学生的实际出发结合教学内容,设计出有利于学生参与,能体现学生创造能力的教学环节,引导学生通过实践、思考、探索和交流,获得数学知识,发展学生思维,提高创新能力。

加拿大汤姆逊大学先前学习评价实践对我国学分银行建设的启示

社会的发展使得教育和学习逐渐突破学校教育的框架,渗透到人类生活的各种场景与各个阶段。如何从教育评价与测量的角度,将这些教育和学习进行规范化的评价与认证,从而进一步促进人们不断地投入到更加深入的学习中,以实现终生学习。而先前学习评价的广泛应用与快速,逐渐被认为是解决上述问题的有效途径。先前学习评价能够将成人学习者的非正式学习所获得知识与技能转化为学分,促使更多在职成人回归学历教育,因为使先前学习评价逐渐成为世界各国成人教育领域与终身学习领域广泛采用的评价方式。本文从先前学习评价的概念入手,通过介绍汤姆逊大学开放学习部先前学习评价的实践经验,结合我国学分银行建设,从必要性、可行性以及可能遇到的挑战等方面,讨论在我国学分银行建设中应用先前学习评价,以便能够实现非正式学习和正式学习之间的沟通。

SELF-DEPENDENT LOCALITY PRESERVING PROJECTION WITH TRANSFORMED SPACE-ORIENTED NEIGHBORHOOD GRAPH

Locality preserving projection （LPP） is a typical and popular dimensionality reduction （DR） method,and it can potentially find discriminative projection directions by preserving the local geometric structure in data. However,LPP is based on the neighborhood graph artificially constructed from the original data,and the performance of LPP relies on how well the nearest neighbor criterion work in the original space. To address this issue,a novel DR algorithm,called the self-dependent LPP （sdLPP） is proposed. And it is based on the fact that the nearest neighbor criterion usually achieves better performance in LPP transformed space than that in the original space. Firstly,LPP is performed based on the typical neighborhood graph; then,a new neighborhood graph is constructed in LPP transformed space and repeats LPP. Furthermore,a new criterion,called the improved Laplacian score,is developed as an empirical reference for the discriminative power and the iterative termination. Finally,the feasibility and the effectiveness of the method are verified by several publicly available UCI and face data sets with promising results.

Analysis of the application of a happy leaming method in college English classroom teaching

Emotional teaching is an important part of language teaching. In the teaching activities, teachers should exploit and make full use of students＇ emotional factors to arouse their learning interest and motivation and therefore to improve students＇ English level. The author proposes a teaching concept of happy learning method in college English classroom teaching according to their own teaching practice, the concrete implementation measures of happy learning method include： encourage students to take the group cooperative learning method, establish good emotional communication relations between teachers and encourage students to correct each other by inquiry discussion and so on.

Blended Learning and Applying New Tools and Services of E-Learning Support

The strengths and weaknesses of different online technologies and learning methods have been examined by combining the blended learning program with practical work on institutional e-learning projects. There are differences between the traditional e-learning system and the new E-Learning 2.0 training. At present time, the new technologies provided by Web 2.0 better correspond to the needs of both students and teaching staff. The new Web 2.0 allows the ＂promoting of individual creativity＂, together with the ＂use of collective intelligence＂. A comparison of the two development stages of the e-learning tools has been completed and the advantages of E-Learning 2.0 are shown. The main components of Web 2.0 are provided and the use ofwiki as an up-to-date collaboration tool for on-line teamwork is shown.

Supervised local and non-local structure preserving projections with application to just-in-time learning for adaptive soft sensor

In soft sensor field, just-in-time learning(JITL) is an effective approach to model nonlinear and time varying processes. However, most similarity criterions in JITL are computed in the input space only while ignoring important output information, which may lead to inaccurate construction of relevant sample set. To solve this problem, we propose a novel supervised feature extraction method suitable for the regression problem called supervised local and non-local structure preserving projections(SLNSPP), in which both input and output information can be easily and effectively incorporated through a newly defined similarity index. The SLNSPP can not only retain the virtue of locality preserving projections but also prevent faraway points from nearing after projection,which endues SLNSPP with powerful discriminating ability. Such two good properties of SLNSPP are desirable for JITL as they are expected to enhance the accuracy of similar sample selection. Consequently, we present a SLNSPP-JITL framework for developing adaptive soft sensor, including a sparse learning strategy to limit the scale and update the frequency of database. Finally, two case studies are conducted with benchmark datasets to evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of LNSPP and SLNSPP.

Mathematical Debates as an Integral Part of the Learning Process

In this report, we want to touch upon two aspects of teaching mathematics in middle and high school. The first of them is the eternal question of how to teach, to motivate students and make them involved in the educational process, particularly in mathematics, where the most important factor is the natural gifts. The second aspect concerns the question which became very urgent in the modern world： what, in fact, we want to teach the students in a world over-saturated with information of any kind. As a result of the information blowup, two aspects emerge. On the one hand, straight passing over the skills and knowledge to the students becomes irrelevant today （just like a teacher or lecturer, merely speaking to an audience, who is not that relevant for young people, accustomed from childhood to perceive information through dynamic color visuals）. On the other hand, there is a change in emphasis in the objective function of the educational process from gaining knowledge to acquisition of skills of working with information, consideration and estimation, and choosing of the optimal strategy of a number of possibilities. This trend can be seen in the selection of problems in the international examination PISA （Program for international Student Assessment）, in the new curriculum in mathematics and in the selection of problems in the matriculation exams. These considerations （along with others） make teachers took for rtew forms of teaming, more appropriate to the demands of modernity. In this report we suggest the idea of using a mathematical competition called ＂Mathematical debate＂ （mathematical fight） as an integral part of the educational process at different levels of learning mathematics, as an appropriate tool.

A Case Study of Oral English Teaching for College EFL Learners in China： Problems and Implications

Oral English teaching is not only an integral part of college English language teaching but also a crucial factor related to whether the language teaching goals can be achieved or not. This research has investigated the current situations and existing problems concerning oral English teaching on the basis of a case study of the authentic oral English classroom teaching at a city college in China. The findings and solutions may provide some implications for oral English language teaching at the college level in China.

Analysis of lower-boundary climate factors contributing to the summer heatwave frequency over eastern Europe using a machine-learning model

A machine-learning(ML)model,the light gradient boosting machine(LightGBM),was constructed to simulate the variation in the summer(June-July-August)heatwave frequency(HWF)over eastern Europe(HWFUR)and to analyze the contributions of various lower-boundary climate factors to the HWFUR variation.The examined lower-boundary climate factors were those that may contribute to the HWFUR variation—namely,the sea surface temperature,soil moisture,snow-cover extent,and sea-ice concentration from the simultaneous summer,preceding spring,and winter.These selected climate factors were significantly correlated to the summer HWFUR variation and were used to construct the ML model.Both the hindcast simulation of HWF EUR for the period 1981-2020 and its real-time simulation for the period 2011-2020,which used the constructed ML model,were investigated.To evaluate the contributions of the climate factors,various model experiments using different combinations of the climate factors were examined and compared.The results indicated that the LightGBM model had comparatively good performance in simulating the HWFUR variation.The sea surface temperature made more contributions to the ML model simulation than the other climate factors.Further examination showed that the best ML simulation was that which used the climate factors in the preceding winter,suggesting that the lower-boundary conditions in the preceding winter may be critical in forecasting the summer HWFUR variation.

The Role of EQ in EFL Students＇ Foreign Language Learning

EQ （Emotional Quotient） is considered a key component in foreign language learning. This study examined the relationship between EFL （English as a Foreign Language） students＇ EQ and learning strategies, English proficiency with EIS （Emotinal Intelligence Scale） and Strategy Inventory for Language Learning as well as students＇ tests in English listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Pearson correlation and regression analysis were applied in the data processing. The subsequent data analysis reveals that there is significant relationship between EFL students＇ EQ and their learning strategies as well as English proficiency. The correlation between EQ and affective strategies and the correlation between EQ and English speaking proficiency are higher than others. The factors which contribute to the correlation are analyzed. Furthermore, it is suggested for EFL teachers to take measures to facilitate students＇ EQ in classroom teaching

Research on the Relationship of Grammar and English Learning

The grammar is an important part of English learning, but grammar learning has been a controversial topic in English learning profession, gone the process from worship to abandonment and then to a rational understanding. Firstly, this paper makes a brief introduction of the process, then introduces and discusses the significance, including sentence production, function of adjustment, fossilization solution, focusing on grammar phenomenon and grasping the components of language. Then, this paper presents two types of grammar, namely, tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. Last, four approaches to obtain grammar ability are proposed.

Cultural Orientation Through Public Speaking Contests

Learning about culture is an integral part of learning a fbreign language. Participating in speech contests gives language learners a good opportunity to know more about the culture of the target language. Such contests allow students to learn how to write a speech for a particular audience, how to introduce a speaker, how to deliver a speech, and how to say ＂thank you＂ to the speaker. Participation in speech contests can promote insight and understanding through a comparison of American culture and the students＇ native culture. Such comparison is intended to promote better understanding of both cultures.

An Empirical Study on the 1 ＋ 1 Model in College English Listening and Speaking Class

Improving college students＇ listening and speaking ability is a very important part of college English teaching Based on the foreign and domestic studies on how to improve students＇ listening and speaking ability, this paper explores the 1 ＋ 1 model in listening and speaking class, which is to divide the listening and speaking class into two parts--small speaking class combined with students＇ online autonomous learning. Through one-year experiment and study on two classes, although there is no significant difference between the performances of these classes, this study has shed some light on how to vary the teaching methods, how to improve the class efficiency, students＇ autonomy in leaming, and how to build new assessment system. Further studies could be made later based on this

Neologism in News English

Neologism is an important part of News English whose analysis and studying is of great significance to English learning. It covers a wide range of topics varying from politics, economy, culture, war, science, and technology, with diverse genres ranging from news story, editorial to features, and review. This paper discusses the formation of neologisms in News English： abbreviation, compounding, derivation, loan words, analogy, and meaning transfer in the context of English news with the aim of facilitating language learners in learning English and better understanding world news as well as cultivating their cross cultural communication ability.

Assessment and Feedback

Assessment and learning must not be considered as two separate processes. In fact, assessment is an integral part of the learning process; it can be learning experience in itself. Active assessment strategies help students better understand the content they learn and develop skills that will be useful to them throughout their lives. Some of those skills are the ability to prepare effective oral and written reports and the ability to cooperate successfully with peers. Action research represents the process of systematic inquiry and it helps teachers to assess learning from the perspective of what they do in the classroom. The purpose is to find out ＂why＂ or ＂how＂ something happened the way it did. Therefore, a situation or problem should be carefully examined by a teacher. Teachers should analyze their own beliefs, values, and assumptions about teaching and learning, knowledge and curriculum, and how these impact the way they interact with students. Feedback should be used as part of assessment activities. Learning experience of students facilitated by teachers can be assessed through feedback.

Knowledge Representation for the Geometrical Shapes

This paper outlines the necessity of the knowledge representation for the geometrical shapes （KRGS）. We advocate that KRGS for being powerful must contain at least three major components, namely （1） fuzzy logic scheme; （2） the machine learning technique; and （3） an integrated algebraic and logical reasoning. After arguing the need for using fuzzy expressions in spatial reasoning, then inducing the spatial graph generalized and maximal common part of the expressions is discussed. Finally, the integration of approximate references into spatial reasoning using absolute measurements is outlined. The integration here means that the satisfiability of a fuzzy spatial expression is conducted by both logical and algebraic reasoning.

Effective Learner-Lecturer Interaction Working With a Virtual Learning Environment

Using the Internet to learn a language creates wide opportunities to enhance learning （Association of teachers of English in Catalonia （APAC）, 2010）. The Internet activities promote learners＇ self-monitoring ability, encourage the use of multimedia and network technology, and develop students＇ cooperation and participation. During the latest years, there have been many changes in education as these new technologies, including VLEs （Virtual Learning Environments）, which have become an important part in the teaching/learning process. According to Tech Terms Computer Dictionary （2012）, VLE is a virtual classroom where teachers and students communicate. VLEs have evolved as at an early stage, they were only ways of transmitting information： Teachers uploaded the multimedia resources and students read this information. At a higher stage, VLEs have become interactive. This means that students become active. We have designed a virtual environment where students, weekly, must contribute their opinions and comments in response to a required activity uploaded by the teacher. In this paper, we describe this weekly task and analyze students＇ opinion about this planned activity. The students become an active subject in this field. In this paper, we show how VLEs are no longer a means of transmitting information but a means of interaction as well as a way of motivating our students to be involved in their learning process

The Features and Patterns of Revision Process in English Learners＇ Writing

Revision is an important part of writing process but it often baffles the researchers due to the difficulties in recording the revision process of students. Based on a self-made questionnaire and the online record of the revision process, this study describes the English learners＇ revision behaviors and process in their second semester of a two-year writing course. The analysis indicates that the English learners hold a positive attitude towards revision and but passive in resorting to outside sources for help. The source of the feedback has a great influence on their motivation of revision. On the other hand, although they use all types of revision operations, they concentrate on surface changes and simple operations.

Research as a Deliberate Chess Activity Software Testing Platform for Professional Dynamic Development of the Education Sector

Current paper presents the influence of academic chess activity in Armenian schools. Nowadays, people face many obstacles connected with the high quality education. This sphere forces them to implement new methods and approaches in everyday learning process. The following academic research done on research as a deliberate chess activity software testing platform for professional dynamic development of the education sector showed that the implementation of academic chess with low grade students may have positive effect. The experiment done in this paper is closely related to the inclusive education as well. Mainly this experiment showed that collaborative training or learning can be very positive when children with disabilities are integrated in the learning process.

Loan Words in Modem English and Their Features

English language, as a global language, is exerting greater influence on the world. It has been enlarging along with the development of the society, the progress of science and technology by the way of borrowing from other languages such as French, German, Italian, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, and Arabic in the fields of politics, culture, education, economics, science, and technology. Borrowing or loan word has become an important part in the process of English vocabulary acquisition. This paper studies modem English loan words, summarizes types of loan words, and makes a tentative analysis of their features with the attempt to facilitate English learning in an effective way.