王国维近代教育观研究

王国维独树一帜的教育思想和理念,使之成为中国近代教育的开创者之一。王国维早年热心于当时中国的教育改革,主编当时教育领域影响最大的杂志《教育世界》,其一生的主要实践活动也都与教育相关。这使得他对教育的宗旨、学科设置、学制设置、教学方法和教育管理等主要教育问题都形成了自己独特的观点。王国维的某些观点虽然不可避免的受到了时代的限制,但是他对教育根本问题的思考和研究方法对我们今天的教育改革仍有借鉴意义。

职业教育十二观

职业教育作为一种教育类型,有着不同于普通教育而富含职业教育根本属性的类型特征,这正是职业教育学的基本内涵。这些类型特征至少包括:基于多元智能的人才观、基于能力本位的教育观、基于全面发展的能力现、基于职业属性的专业观、基于工作过程的课程观、关于行动导向的教学观、基于学习情境的建设观、基于整体思考的评价观、基于生命发展的基础观、基于技术应用的层次观、基于弹性管理的学制观。

职业教育学基本问题的思考(一)

职业教育作为一种教育类型，有着不同于普通教育而富含职业教育根本属性的类型特征，这正是职业教育学的基本内涵。这些类型特征至少包括：基于多元智能的人才观、基于能力本位的教育观、基于全面发展的能力观、基于职业属性的专业观、基于工作过程的课程观、关于行动导向的教学观、基于学习情境的建设观、基于整体思考的评价观、基于生命发展的基础观、基于技术应用的层次观、基于弹性管理的学制观。

职业教育学基本问题的思考(二)

职业教育作为一种教育类型，有着不同于普通教育而富含职业教育根本属性的类型特征，这正是职业教育学的基本内涵。这些类型特征至少包括：基于多元智能的人才观、基于能力本位的教育观、基于全面发展的能力观、基于职业属性的专业观、基于工作过程的课程观、基于行动导向的教学观、基于学习情境的建设观、基于整体思考的评价观、基于生命发展的基础观、基于技术应用的层次观、基于弹性管理的学制观。

Shear deformation and plate shape control of hot-rolled aluminium alloy thick plate prepared by asymmetric rolling process

Asymmetric rolling （ASR）, as one of severe plastic deformation （SPD） methods to make ultra-fine materials with enhanced performance is mainly used to prepare foil and thin strip. The asymmetrical rolling was achieved by adjusting the diameters of the upper roll and the bottom roll and was used to prepare hot-rolled thick plate of 5182 aluminium alloy. The shear deformation and plate shape control were experimentally studied. The experimental results show that asymmetrical rolling has a significant effect on metal deformation stream and can somehow refine microstructure and improve the uniformity of microstructure and properties. The asymmetrical rolling process can also reduce the rolling force. However, bending of rolling plate often happens during asymmetrical rolling process. The factors affecting the bending were discussed.

Effects of technical parameters of continuous semisolid rolling on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-3Sn-1Mn alloy

A sloping semisolid rheo-rolling process of Mg-3Sn-1Mn alloy was developed, and the effects of process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-3Sn-lMn alloy strip were studied. The results show that the primary grain average diameter of the strip increases with the increase of the roll speed. The primary grain average diameter decreases firstly and then increases with the increase of the vibration frequency, and the tensile strength and elongation of the strip increase firstly and then decrease with the increase of the vibration frequency. The primary grain average diameter increases with the increase of casting temperature, and the tensile strength and elongation of the strip decrease correspondingly. When the casting temperature is 670℃, the roll speed is 52 mm/s, and the vibration frequency is 60 Hz, Mg-3Sn-1Mn alloy strip with good properties is produced. The mechanical properties of the present product are higher than those of Mg-3Sn-lMn alloy casting with the addition of 0.87% Ce （mass fraction）.

课堂发现的精彩之处

推行素质教育之论证：主副科并行 钱学森先生生前假设过这样一种学制：学生4岁入学,17岁大学毕业,18岁学成硕士。这种学制观是他在总结自己的学习经历后提出的。为了从实践层面印证钱学森先生学制观的可行性和现实性,我作为一个教学一线的教育工作者,居然从一所九年义务教育一贯制山区学校的课堂上,得到了以下发现。

Preparation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid of High Purity and Its Apparent Kinetic Characteristics During Formation

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a fatty acid with physiological activities and potential application prospect. This paper focuses on the method of synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid of high purity and the process line and conditions for its purification that can be used in large scale production. CLA of more than 95% purity was prepared by means of urea adduct purification and conjugation using safflower oil as material. The total recovery of the product adds up to more than 48%. The reactive kinetics about linoleic acid from sunflower oil converted into CLA was investigated, and its apparent kinetic model was also established, which can be used as a base for industrial designs.

Statistical damage model for quasi-brittle materials under uniaxial tension

Based on the parallel bar system, combining with the synergetic method, the catastrophe theory and the acoustic emission test, a new motivated statistical damage model for quasi-brittle solid was developed. Taking concrete for instances, the rationality and the flexibility of this model and its parameters-determining method were identified by the comparative analyses between theoretical and experimental curves. The results show that the model can simulate the whole damage and fracture process in the fracture process zone of material when the materials arc exposed to quasi-static uniaxial tensile traction. The influence of the mesoscopic damage mechanism on the macroscopic mechanical properties of quasi-brittle materials is summarized into two aspects, rupture damage and yield damage. The whole damage course is divided into the statistical even damage phase and the local breach phase, corresponding to the two stages described by the catastrophe theory. The two characteristic states, the peak nominal stress state and the critical state are distinguished, and the critical state plays a key role during the whole damage evolution course.

Improved mechanical and wear properties of Ti-35Nb-5Ta-7Zr-xSi alloys fabricated by selective electron beam melting for biomedical application

As the next generation biomedical titanium alloy, β-type titanium alloys are excellent candidates for biomedical applications due to the relative low elastic modulus and the contained non-toxic elements. However, the relative low strength and unsatisfactory tribological property are undesired for load-bearing implant applications. In this study, 0-5 at% Si was added to the classic Ti-35Nb-5Ta-7Zr alloy to improve its strength and wear resistance, and the(Ti-35Nb-5Ta-7Zr)1-x-Six(x=0, 1 at% and 5 at%) alloy were fabricated by selective electron beam melting(SEBM)technology. The results indicated that Si addition significantly increases in compressive yield strength, which is mainly due to grain refinement strengthening. At the same time, the wear rate of the as-built TNTZ-5Si alloy in SBF solution was only ~30% of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Consequently, the TNTZ-5Si alloy showed an excellent combination of compressive yield strength, elastic modulus and wear resistance for potential load-bearing implant applications.

Effects of interrupted ageing and asymmetric rolling on microstructures, mechanical properties, and intergranular corrosion behavior of Al-Mg-Si-Zn alloy

Effects of interrupted ageing(T6I6) and asymmetric rolling on microstructures, mechanical properties, and intergranular corrosion(IGC) behaviors of Al-Mg-Si-Zn alloy were investigated. Results showed that the T6 alloy has the lowest strength and the worst IGC resistance, while the T6I6 alloy has higher strength and better IGC resistance.What’ s more, the alloy treated by pre-rolling deformation has higher strength and better IGC resistance;and the alloy treated by the pre-asymmetry rolling achieves the highest strength, the best IGC resistance and lower elongation. The mechanical properties depend on microstructures such as the grain size, texture, dislocation density and precipitation, the grain boundary misorientation and grain boundary microstructure are responsible for the IGC resistance.

Is Using Mathematics and Game Theory in Analyzing Economic Phenomena Scientific？

In the article, the author presents some arguments concerning the ＂mathematical method issue＂ in modem economics. The author shows why some reasons, according to which we should use mathematics in （economic） theory, are not convincing （they are even tautological）, and what does mathematization have to do with arbitrariness of the orthodox economic theory. The author also shows why using game theory （a mathematical discipline） in modem microeconomics does not yield knowledge and correct explanation of economic situations and phenomena. At the end, the author presents fundamental questions that form the basis of economic science and its qualitative research methods, and shows what their practical relevance is. The purpose of this article is to argue, contrary to common opinion, that there can be an exact and objective science of economic phenomena that does not necessarily use modem mathematical theories or methods to explain these phenomena.

Kinetics of Formic Acid-autocatalyzed Preparation of Performic Acid in Aqueous Phase

Performic acid （PFA） is an oxidant used in chemical processing, synthesis and bleaching. The macro kinetic models of synthesis, hydrolysis and decomposition of PFA were investigated via formic acid-autocatalyzed reaction. It was found that the intrinsic activation energies of PFA synthesis and hydrolysis were 75.2 kJ·mol^-1 and 40.4 kJ·mol^-1 respectively. The observed activation energy of PFA decomposition was 95.4 kJ·mol^-1. The experi-mental results indicated that the decomposition of PFA was liable to occur even at the ambient temperature. Both the spontaneous decomposition and the radical-introduced decomposition contributed to the decomposition of PFA.

Analysis on the Necessity and the Way of Introducing Legal Theory into College Ideological and Political Education under Legal Environme

In this paper, we conduct research on the necessity and the way of introducing legal theory into college ideological and politicaleducation under legal environment. Education courses in colleges and universities should grasp of Marxism is the unity of scientifi c theories andscientifi c faith that causes the student to accept and agree with Marxism, to establish faith in Marxism. All faith in essence is the awakening ofman “class consciousness”, is the feeling of value and meaning of life, to leave this, any belief is not established, the establishment of Marxismbelief is also inseparable from it. Therefore under the new media environment, the ideological and political teachers should actively change theteaching idea, set up the general modern education teaching idea, further strengthen the application of all kinds of new media in ideological andpolitical education, only in this way can in maximum extent, improve the college ideological education level and education quality, and promotethe healthy development of college students. Under this basis, this paper proposes the novel and new idea on the issues that will be innovativeand helpful.

The Impact of "Bad" Argo Profiles on Ocean Data Assimilation

Recent studies have found cold biases in a fraction of Argo profiles (hereinafter referred to as bad Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography (Argo) profiles) due to the pressure drifts during 2003 and 2006. These bad Argo profiles have had an important impact on in situ observation-based global ocean heat content esti- mates. This study investigated the impact of bad Argo profiles on ocean data assimilation results that were based on observations from diverse ocean observation systems, such as in situ profiles (e.g., Argo, expendable bathy- thermograph (XBT), and Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO), remote-sensing sea surface temperature products and satellite altimetry between 2004 and 2006. Results from this work show that the upper ocean heat content analysis is vulnerable to bad Argo profiles and demon- strate a cooling trend in the studied period despite the multiple independent data types that were assimilated. When the bad Argo profiles were excluded from the as- similation, the decreased heat content disappeared and a warming occurred. Combination of satellite altimetry and mass variation data from gravity satellite demonstrated an increase, which agrees well with the increased heat con- tent. Additionally, when an additional Argo profile quality control procedure was utilized that simply removed the profiles that presented static unstable water columns, the results were very similar to those obtained when the bad Argo profiles were excluded from the assimilation. This indicates that an ocean data assimilation that uses multiple data sources with improved quality control could be less vulnerable to a major observation system failure, such as a bad Argo event.

Building for Capturing Public Mind Through Ears： Evolution of Architectural Typology as a Mechanism of Auditory Deception and Urban Control

The paper takes the notion of soundscape and its relation to power relations within the scope of architecture. Indeed, sound has long been devised as a tool so as to control people and urban realm. The paper discusses the politics, aesthetics and social character of urban soundscape by elucidating the materialized shape of sound, that is to say; the close relationship between architecture and sound, between materiality of the physical form and its audio-spatial experience to understand how soundscape is controlled by architectural means for establishing power over masses and class segregation in various contexts. Similar to the case of physical-landscape, the soundscape in various types of buildings also manifests the idealized power relationships in any society through the control of sound in architectural space. Therefore, the auditory characteristics of these spatial precedents are elucidated in this study. It is argued that sound is a very political entity and auditory mechanisms are utilized for the purposes of both surveillance and suppression of political opponents. The paper intends to demonstrate that sound has a very dark history under the disguise of grandiose aesthetics, and thus, it is very important in establishing power. Spatial typologies are classified according to their auditory functions in relation to establishing power in urban realm.

The Impact of Corporate Cultural Innovation on theEnterprise Management Innovation

Enterprise Management Innovation has been a topic of concern to the business community and holds the same opinions to adhere to corporate management for innovation, but how to make companies management innovation becomes the business people must face. I believe that： enterprise management innovation is the innovation of the modem enterprise system, enterprise management innovation is necessary not only to establish modem corporate governance institutions, but also to establish a sound management system. Based on this idea, the purpose of this paper is to explore the enterprise management innovation, a true reflection of the necessity and creative approach to business management innovation. Through analysis, the enterprise management innovation is the scientific concept of development of specific applications in the field of enterprise management. Enterprise management innovation is the development of internal demand point of view, hoping to be helpful for Chinese enterprises to occupy a place in the fierce competition in the international market.

Stainless Steel Composite Integrated in Modern Facade Engineering

This paper shows the results of characterising a stainless steel composite material for applications in facade engineering. A number of possible shapes generated with pneumatic stretch forming are presented as a result of simulation studies. In this context a model of a possible facade combined from different shapes is created to show the optical effect of the simulated shapes. Additionally, the manufacturing of a device for pneumatic stretch forming is discussed and first results of transforming the stainless steel composite material with pneumatic stretch forming are shown.

Oscillatory Flow Fields over Rough Wall： An Experimental Investigation

In this paper the results of an experimental investigation, finalized to analyze the effect of roughness elements on the Oscillatory Boundary Layer （OBL）, were presented and discussed. These experiments can be useful for the characterization of the complex hydrodynamic mechanisms in coastal environment, where the bottom boundary layer is very often subject to momentum exchange processes due to the presence of macro-structures on the bottom able to strongly influence and modify its own structure. In this investigation, experiments were performed in an oscillating water tunnel, covering a range of frequencies to from 0.646 up to 2.319 rad.s^-1. The roughness elements were modelled by mean of a matrix of stiff cylinders arranged on the bottom of the tunnel and two densities of cylinders were considered, corresponding to low and high density respectively. Velocity measurements were obtained by 2C DPIV （2 Component Digital Particle Image Velocimetry） technique. A detailed visualization of the flow through adjacent cylinders, including scalar velocity maps and streamlines are presented. Furthermore phase-averaged velocity distributions are here provided. Moreover, root-mean-squared velocities are considered and an empirical relation between （1） the root-mean-squared velocities and the distance from the bottom; （2） the velocity attenuation coefficient and the Reynolds number is obtained for both the considered configurations.