谈农村初中英语学困生成因

农村初中英语学困生的形成有大背景，也有各种具体原因，我们应该积极应对，多动脑筋，让我们的学生也能学有所得，处在不断地进步之中。

Effect of Biochar on the Chemical Fertility of Vegetable Soil

[Objective] To investigate the effect of biochar on the chemical fertility of vegetable soil. [Method] By pot experiments, the effect of biochar the soil pH and the content of organic matter, available nitrogen, readily available potassium, avail- able phosphorus, water-soluble phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and magnesium were investigated. The experiment contained five treatments, i.e., CK （no biochar）, T1 （0.10% biochar）, T2 （0.25% biochar）, T3 （0.50% biochar） and T4 （1.00% biochar）. [Result] As the application amount of biochar increases in the treatments, the soil pH, the content of organic matter and readily available potassium ascended significantly, with a trend of T4〉T3 〉T2〉TI〉CK; the contents of available phospho- rus and water-soluble phosphorus first show upward trend then downward trend, with T3 being the highest and CK the lowest; the contents of available nitrogen and exchangeable magnesium did not assume obvious change; compared with control, an appropriate amount of char could significantly increase the content of exchangeable calcium. [Conclusion] Biochar can significantly improve the chemical fertility of vegetable soil, and the application amount in T3 （0.50% biochar） brings the best effects.

Biological Basis & Microclimate Effects of Intercropping in Jujube Field

Objective] This study aimed to explore the biological basis and microcli-mate effects in intercropping jujube orchard. [Method] From 2009 to 2011, jujube was intercroped with wheat, peanut, soybean, garlic, watermelon, vegetables etc. By fixed observation and simultaneous mobile observation, the field microclimate factors such as the air temperature, surface temperature, air relative humidity, wind speed, etc. were measured, with mono-crop farmland as the control. [Result] The competi-tion relationship existed between jujube trees and the intercropped plants for re-sources such as il umination, fertilizer, and water; however there were differences in phenological phases and the critical periods in needing for water, fertilizer and il u-mination between jujube and intercropped plants. Meanwhile, there was significant difference （P〈0.05） in the variation of agricultural microclimate environment in jujube field compared with that in control farmland. Compared with the control, the air tem-perature in intercropping jujube orchard was reduced by 0.2 to 0.7 ℃, the earth surface temperature reduction ranged from 2.1 to 2.5 ℃, the relative air humidity increased by 3.7% to 6.8% and the wind speed decreased by 0.2 to 0.4 m/s. [Conclusion] Al above results showed that intercropping in jujube orchard could be promoted in central China and northern China areas.

Survey on the Diversity of Afforestation Plants in Xi'an City

Through investigating plants applied in the main streets and public greenbelts,the first-hand information about afforestation plants in Xi'an City was obtained for the first time.The results showed that,there are 136 species of plants in total belong to 102 genera,and 53 families,among which 122 species are woody plants belong to 89 genera and 44 families,i.e.89.71% of the total afforestation plants;14 species are herbaceous plants belong to 13 genera and 9 families,i.e.10.29% of the total;and there are 3 species of liana that belong to 3 genera and 2 families in woody plants with a ratio of 2.21%.The analysis showed that the landscape monotonicity was caused by the simplification of plant disposition pattern,as well as uneven quantity and frequency of applied afforestation plants.From the perspective of plant diversity,the proportion of herbaceous plants was too small;native plants were used widely which basically demonstrated the characteristics of local landscape,and most of exotic plants had obvious pantropic features which grew well in Xi'an City.This paper also analyzed problems in the present greening situation and put forward several suggestions for future tasks.

An idea for campus e-commerce based on student organization

This article briefly summarizes the status of development of the campus e-commerce, and analyzes its restricting factors, then proposed the idea to build e-commerce platform based on student organizations, assess their potential risks and proposed countemleasures.

Estimating Emotion for Each Personality by Analyzing BVP

This research estimates emotions of university students from their BVP （blood volume pulse）. Negative emotion of university students causes school dropout, which is becoming a serious problem in Japan. It is indispensable for school staffs and counselors to know when and where students have negative emotion in the campus. Since BVP signals along with emotion changes vary with personality types, we build a model dependent on personality type, to estimate student emotion from characteristics of blood volume signals. Experimental results show that the model for each personality type improves the accuracy of emotion estimation for new students. Positive or negative emotion estimated from BVP signals contributes to enhancement of campus environment by school counselors.

Motivating Community College Students When Teaching Argumentative Rhetorical Style Using a Documentary： Devil＇s Playground

Competence in academic writing in college is a challenging as well as an engaging task for many college students. Argumentative writing and acknowledging the counterargument is one of modes that is introduced in freshman classes; however, college students approach writing with a certain mindset. Learning to write in different modes could be exciting when taught utilizing a film or a documentary. Using a documentary, such as Devil＇s Playground, writing professors not only initiate interest in culture learning and cultural understanding but also motivate students to use argumentation to foster critical thinking as well as cultural understanding.

Observation on fitting male selections of different kiwifruit varieties

Five male kiwifruit selections Truwind M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5 bred by Hunan Horticultural Research Institute (HHRI)have been observed on the suitability,of which Truwind M1,M2 and M3 are Actinidia chinensis,Truwind M4 and M5 are Actinidia deliciosa. In terms of flower period Truwind M1 is early and 7 days, which is the suitable pollinator for‘Fengyue’;Truwind M2 is intermediate with 15 days,suitable for ‘Kuimi’and‘Lushanxiang’;Truwind M3 and M4 are 14 days and 13 days respectively,suitable for‘Cuiyu’and‘Miliang 1’;Truwind M5 is late and 8 days, suitable for‘Jinkui’,‘Qinxiang’and‘Hayward’.

Reflections on On- and Off-Campus Activities in Elementary Seminars Using E-portfolios

In first-year and second-year seminars, students were assigned homework requiring them to upload entries in a LP （learning portfolio） to a designated website every week. Students selected what they considered to be the most impressive lesson in a given week and reflected on ways to put the material contained in the lesson to practical use. Additionally they reflected on their experience outside the classroom in order to relate this experience to material covered in the lessons. Students had positive feelings about the LPs and recognized that the LPs helped them grow as students. But students had difficulty comprehending connections between the material presented in lessons and out-of-class experiences. Students indicated that the instructor＇s comments increased their motivation to continue working on the LPs. Instructors should make time to meet with students to discuss LPs in class, and this ideally would increase reciprocal understanding between instructors and students.

Focus on the key problems and dilemmas that arise in developing eco-industrial parks in China

Despite the widespread incorporation of sustainable development into policy discourses, actually achieving the win-win-win scenario of economic, environmental and social development continues to be problematic. Advocates of industrial ecology suggest that shifting the basis of industrial production from a linear to a closed loop system, these gains can be achieved. In recent years, concepts drawn from industrial ecology have been used to plan and develop eeo-industrial parks （EIPs） that seek to increase business competitiveness, reduce waste and pollution, create jobs and improve working conditions. Despite a growing interest in EIPs, there have been few empirically informed studies that seek to explore the potential contribution such EIPs may make to sustainable development. This paper contributes to a developing sympathetic critique of industrial ecology by focusing on the key problems and dilemmas that arise in the course of developing eco-industrial parks, drawing upon empirical work conducted in China. The paper draws upon both an extensive survey of EIPs and in-depth interviews conducted with a range of stakeholders at some sites in China. As the paper reveals, EIPs in China are in their early stages and likewise their contribution to economic development and environmental policy, let alone social policies, is complicated and inchoate. The empirical material reveals that key features of industrial ecology such as inter-firm networking and collaboration in the form of materials interchange and energycascading are either absent or in the early planning stages. In each of the cases studied what is emerging is a form of EIP partly determined by the geographic setting and broader economic realities of the locality. While collaborative behavior between firms is central to EIP development if the potential benefits of industrial ecology are to be realized, it is important to realize that such behavior is difficult to develop from scratch through policy intervention. In conclusion, the paper suggests that expectations must be realistic for the community and location in question. As part of that realism, EIP projects must be designed to allow for a gradual approach, and each phase needs to be financially viable.

The Role of the Examination Management for Medical Students in Humanities Education and Training Professional Quality

It has been proved by years of research that if the function of examination management cannot be fully understood or be used effectively, the humanities education and train of professional quality for medical students will not make a fundamental achievement. Because it is not only an academic training but also the examination management and the humanities cultivation have a close connection. The humanities cultivation which is based on the core of virtue requires a good campus environment. Therefore, we should adjust to the medical students＇ humanities quality training requirements, making the targeted reform and innovation of examination management.

Some Thoughts on Science-based Botanical Garden Establishment

Through analysis of the historical and present development of botanical gardens, both domestic and international, with particular focus on botanical garden practices within the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the authors propose that science-based botanical gardens (which differ from common public gardens), should be founded on plant diversity inventory and ex-situ conservation of wild plant species. Efforts should be directed to rarer species from biodiversity-rich areas and biodiversity hotspots, utilizing cutting-edge technologies to effectively preserve germplasm in living collections. Science-based botanical garden management should be directed by sound scientific evaluation of plant resources and guaranteed by innovative operational mechanisms. Science-based botanical gardens should also emphasize the establishment of identifiable and specialized living collections, research platforms and recruitment of qualified experts. In addition to curating living specimens, science-based botanical gardens should pursue research and development of new plant varieties or patents based on their plant collections, thus providing continual support to bio-industry.