在高校思想政治教学中强化党史国史教育

我国是具有悠久历史的文明古国,历来就有重视历史教育的优良传统。先民们早就认识到"君子以多识前言往行,以畜其德"的哲理,说明历史教育和历史知识在人生修养方面起着重要的作用。党的十九届四中全会强调"加强党史、新中国史、改革开放史教育"。对新疆思想政治教育而言,中华民族共同体意识教育、党史教育、国史教育、改革开放史教育以及新疆历史教育起着不可替代的作用。

1980年全国自然科学史学术会议及学会成立大会研究

1980年10月,由中国科学院自然科学史研究所组织召开的自然科学史学术会议及学会成立大会,是中国科技史界规模空前的盛会。这次会议的召开受到自1976年“文革”结束至1978年中国的政治变革、科技政策和规划,以及中国科学院副院长、党组副书记李昌的影响,是筹备工作经历搁置后该所联合所外力量重新筹备而获得的成果。这次会议恢复了中断24年的全国综合性科技史学术交流活动,展现了高质量的学术交流状态;遵循严谨程序成立了中国科学技术史学会,为日后国内和中国国际科技史交流活动的展开奠定重要的组织基础。这次会议是中国科技史事业走向繁荣的重要标志,反映了1980年中国科技史事业发生的历史性转变,推进了中国科技史的建制化历程,产生了深远的影响,在中国科学史学史上具有里程碑意义。

文书档案与中国前近代史研究——兼论建立中国古文书学的重要性

中国传统史学研究的重心是四部典籍,特别以正史为中心。清末民初以来,文书档案的出土和运用使中国前近代史研究有了原始资料,促进了中国近代史学的形成。一直以来,在中国史史料学中,没有形成专门研究文书档案的学问,这是中国前近代史研究的缺点之一。通过对古文书学由来的考察,可以看出古文书学的重要性,有必要借鉴外国的古文书学,建立中国古文书学并使之体系化,成为中国史史料学的一个分支,以促进中国前近代史的研究。

从《中国算学史》上卷到《中国数学史》——纪念钱宝琮诞辰130周年

中国数学史学科主要奠基人之一钱宝琮主编的《中国数学史》是这一学科的经典,在海内外有着广泛的影响,但学术界对其形成过程未有系统梳理。本文利用新的史料,讨论了钱宝琮的学术生涯,明确提出他于1932年出版的个人专著《中国算学史》(上卷)是他1964年主编的集体著作《中国数学史》的先行作品,而后者可称前者的完璧之作。文章系统考察了《中国算学史》(上卷)的缘起,和它发展成为《中国数学史》的曲折历程。

文书档案与中国前近代史研究——兼论建立中国古文书学的必要性

中国传统史学研究的重心是四部典籍，特别以正史为中心．清末民初以来，文书档案的出土和运用使中国前近代史研究有了原始资料，促进了中国近代史学的形成．一直以来，在中国史史料学中，没有形成专门研究文书档案的学问，这是中国前近代史研究的缺点之一．通过对古文书学由来的考察，可以看出古文书学的重要性，有必要借鉴外国的古文书学，建立中国古文书学并使之体系化，成为中国史史料学的一个分支，这将促进中国前近代史的研究．

Epitome of Research on the History of Science and Technology in China:A Review of the Book Series History of Science and Technology in Pre-Modern China in Comparison with Needham’s Science and Civilisation in China

The early twenty-first century witnessed the publication of the book series Zhongguo kexue jishu shi中国科学技术史(History of science and technology in pre-modern China),which was initiated and organized by the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and compiled by a multitude of Chinese scholars.In comparison with Science and Civilisation in China by Dr.Joseph Needham,Zhongguo kexue jishu shi is superior in the layout characteristics,literature collection,research and explication,field investigation,and simulation experiments.

An Outline of Dai Xu's Mathematical Achievements

This present paper deals with the main methematical achievements of Dai Xu,a famous mathematician of the Qing Dynasty:Dai Shi Series Numbers, Dai Shi lterative Method,Kai Ji Duo Wei Jiu-Cheng-Fang Method and the Relationship between Exponents and Logarithms etc.,which have been ignored by former research workers.The paper also puts forward different understandings from the past research at the following points:the Artificial Logarithm, the Formula for Changing Base, the Binomial Theorem and so on.

Women and the Transnational Dynamics of Science Education in Early Twentieth Century China:A Quiet Revolution

This article explores both the personal and transnational dimensions of domestic science education and study abroad for the pioneering generation of Chinese women in science.By focusing on women’s unique calculus of risk and reward,the article not only distinguishes Chinese women’s experiences from those of their male counterparts but also delineates the special contours of the Chinese case within the global advancement of women in science.The article begins by outlining some of the features and dynamics of early Chinese girls’schools that affected students’interest in and preparation for further scientific study.Then it traces the emerging college-level opportunities that made it possible for women who were studying science in China to contemplate advanced work overseas.Turning to study abroad,the article highlights the radicalness of the decision to study abroad by examining the impact of both family background and national circumstances on Chinese women’s strategies of mobility.The article argues that if we are to take women’s experiences seriously,we cannot just look at scientific pursuits in terms of achievements in the development of Chinese science,we also need to consider the ways that·scientific ambitions forced individuals—both male and female—to navigate and reimagine multiple social norms and expectations.

Culture Survivance and Religion Healing： On Ojibwe Spirituality in Healing Trauma in LaRose

As of French, German and Ojibwe mixed-blood origin, Louise Erdrich, a well-known and prolific American writer, has always been dealing with the theme of the relationship between Catholicism and Ojibwe spirituality in her fictional world. Her attitude towards Catholicism and Ojibwe spirituality has sparked a heated discussion among scholars and researchers in recent years. Under such academic atmosphere, therefore, LaRose is discussed in this paper. It is shown inLaRose that when white and tribal history come together, where Catholic and traditional spirit worlds intersect, and when Western legal justice cannot solve an ethical problem, Ojibwe spirituality can be used for healing trauma, which is represented through the tradition of adoption as a spiritual reparation, the acquisition of power through naming and biological inheritance and the practice of rituals and ceremonies, from all of which the healing power is derived. Rather than being a syncretism with Catholic, Ojibwe spirituality should preserve its own traditions and cultures to survive generational as well as individual trauma and maintain a culture survivance

Chemical

Chemical Chamber of Commerce, a sub council of CCPIT and CCO- IC,was established in July 1990. In accordance with the Constitution and Tenet of CCPIT,CCPIT CHEM has been dedicating itself to promoting trade ex- change and economic &

The Construction of＂New Woman＂ in Chen Hengzhe＇s Autobiography

This essay examines the autobiography of Chen Hengzhe （1890-1976） （see Appendix）, a relatively less studied woman writer, historian, and critic in modem China. Through the study in four aspects, namely, the pursuit of modem education, simple appearance, great leaders, and the ambassadors of culture, the author＇s research indicates that Chen＇s construction of＂new woman＂ has been influenced by complex historical and cultural forces such as the Chinese traditional culture, Western culture, and the iconoclastic spirit of ＂the New Culture Movement＂. Meanwhile, Chen＇s gender consciousness is also an important element. Moreover, Chen＇s pioneering standing and her own experiences of studying abroad makes her take the lead in conceiving women＇s leadership and their roles in global culture communications. In the late Qing and the early Republic, traditional values and norms of womanhood were severely challenged. Chen＇s construction of＂new woman＂ is her conscious effort to define a new womanhood and is an integral part of the ongoing exploration of Chinese women for modem womanhood. Through the examination of Chen＇s ＂new woman＂, this paper seeks to enrich our understanding of the complexity of modem Chinese women＇s exploration of modem womanhood.

From Dangling Man to Mr. Sammler： A study of the American Jewish History in Saul Bellow＇s Fiction

As the owner of Nobel Prize for Literature, Saul Bellow＇s （1915-2005） fiction has always been a great concern in literary world. It has been studied from various perspectives since its publication. While comparatively speaking, few studies were made from the historical lens. Actually, in his fiction, history is presented by fiction which contributes to the making of history. The purpose of the present paper is through close reading of his novels to find out the different historic periods of American Jews from ＂the strangers＂ to ＂the natives＂, the ＂More than Human＂ and ＂Less than Human＂ to the ＂Exact Human＂ presented in his fiction and thus help readers to have a better understanding about the Jewish life and identity.

An Anthropology of Historic Foods in Japan, China and Korea

This paper is divided into three subjects： Japanese Genghis Khan, Chinese tofu and Korean bibimbap （mixed rice with vegetables）. It will be a cross-cultural and comparative research on historic foods among three countries （Japan, China, and Korea）, in relation to national culinary identity.

The development history and enlightenment of the scientific data services of American university libraries

In the era of the big data. the national strategies and the rapid development of computers and storage technologies bring opportunities and challenges to the library＇s data services. Based on the investigation literature of the scientific data services in the university libraries in the United States, the development process of the scientific data is analyzed from three aspects of the service types, the service mode and the service contents. The author of this paper also proposes opportunities and challenges from 5 aspects of the policy support. strengthening the publicity, the self learning, the self positioning and relying on the embedded subject librarians, to promote the development of the library scientific data services.

Father Joseph Lelarge de Lignac, a French Oratorian and a Friend of Reaumur against Buffon

Father Joseph-Adrien Lelarge de Lignac was born in Poitiers （France） in the year 1697. He died in Paris in 1762. In 1731, he was ordained priest and he became an oratorian the following year. His Letters to an American is an attempt to refute Buffon and Condillac; this book was prepared in collaboration with Rraumur （J. Roger, P. Charbonnat）. Here, we present some elements of the correspondence between Lignac and Rraumur which show a scientific dialogue about 1736-1748 and we try to bring some foundations of the thought of Lignac to light. Between empiricism and ontology, Lignac stands up for scientific questions being subject to literal reading of the Bible. But Lignac is also the first one to perceive a way of thinking in Buffon Natural History （T. Hoquet）. According to him, the thought of Buffon is a deviation in an order of knowledge, because Natural History would especially be based on observation and experiment. So in this paper, we emphasize two original sources in the thought of Father de Lignac： Malebranche philosophy and his collaboration with Reaumur.

Studies on Wetland Biodiversity in China

This paper briefly summarizes the history of wetland research, the evolvement of wetland science, and their impacts on the understanding of wetland biodiversity in China. A marsh is the key type and basic component of a wetland. Defining the marsh and wetland plants is the basis for understanding the wetland and its biodiversity. The comprehensive multiple factorial classification principles and the multiple developmental models of the wetland are two innovative feats achieved by Chinese scientists, and their application has further promoted ecological research. The CAS Wetland Research Center has made historic contributions to the study of the wetland and its biodiversity in China. Also, the paper discusses several important tasks of wetland and biodiversity research.

Keeping Abreast of“International Historical Sciences”:Dialogue and Exchange

The 22nd International Congress of Historical Sciences,to which Chinese President Xi Jinping wrote a congratulatory letter,took place in 2015.This congratulatory letter has since been a subject of discussion among Chinese and foreign historians because it involves several fundamental issues in historical sciences.This paper presents Finnish historian Marjatta Hietala’s interview with Wang Yuji.The interview centers on four major propositions of President Xi:“Historical research forms the basis of all social sciences”;“History is our best teacher”;“Observing China’s past is an important angle for observing China today”;and“Historians can and should play an active role in building a community of shared future for mankind.”The in-depth discussion reveals the convergence and divergence of historians’opinions both at home and abroad on some fundamental issues of historical sciences.

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management system--history and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the ＂Golden Stan- dard＂ of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coor- dination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.

The Social Responsibility of Chinese Scholars of World History： Zhongguo Shehui Kexue and the Study of World History in the New Era

Modem Chinese study of world history began in the middle of the nineteenth century and was closely related to the main theme of the times, that of saving the nation from subjugation and ensuring its survival. Its chief feature was that it was attuned to the pulse of the times; in all historical periods, the main current of its research has never deviated from the main theme of the times, showing a strong sense of responsibility to society. Under the new historical conditions of reform and opening up, this sense of social responsibility should be reflected in fundamental adherence to the direction of serving the people and socialism.

SPECIAL ISSUE： DIALOGUE, INTERACTION AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN PHILOSOPHY IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA- SPECIALIST FORUM ON CHINESE, WESTERN AND MARXIST PHILOSOPHIES：The current situation, problems and tasks before Chinese philosophy

The development of philosophy in contemporary China requires correct understanding and solving prominent practical problems in China＇s process of social development, providing proper rational thinking, value ideal and life orientation for the Chinese, and playing its role of guiding, regulating and promoting social progress. To achieve the goal, philosophy needs to shift from ＂system consciousness＂ to ＂problem consciousness,＂ so as to fulfill a paradigm transformation; to shift from ＂local horizon＂ to ＂world horizon,＂ so as to expand the horizon of our philosophy; and to shift from the tripartite division of Chinese, Western and Marxist philosophies to a ＂common horizon＂ for the three, so as to gradually establish the concept of ＂macro-philosophy.＂