To consider the bending collapse of the pipes in the latticed frames, based on the multi-scale simulation, the collapsed parts of the pipe are meshed by the shell elements as micro-scaled models, and the other parts a...To consider the bending collapse of the pipes in the latticed frames, based on the multi-scale simulation, the collapsed parts of the pipe are meshed by the shell elements as micro-scaled models, and the other parts are meshed by beam elements macro-models. The incremental displacement constraint equations for the nodes on the section between the two models are established based on the plane section premise of classical beam theory. The method to introduce the constraint equations is derived based on the Updated Largrangian method. The location of the micro-model is predicted by the stress field of the beam element, and the length of the collapsed part is adjusted by the plastic energy in the micro model. Several examples are included to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of this method.展开更多
Two-oriented agriculture was a complex organism coupling production,economics,society and ecology.Its development process was affected by various factors such as producers,nature,society,etc.In order to overcome measu...Two-oriented agriculture was a complex organism coupling production,economics,society and ecology.Its development process was affected by various factors such as producers,nature,society,etc.In order to overcome measurement error of traditional data envelopment analysis caused by ignoring random,three-stage DEA model was studied to remove environmental factors and random effects.On the foundation of this model was two-oriented agriculture comprehensive production efficiency of 14 cities were estimated in Hunan Province in 2008,and brown forth corresponding policy proposals to promote agricultural development.展开更多
China＇s cormaaunications industry is an important part of the electronic information industry, and plays a significant role in the national informatization process. In 2006, China issued its National Plans for Medium...China＇s cormaaunications industry is an important part of the electronic information industry, and plays a significant role in the national informatization process. In 2006, China issued its National Plans for Medium and Long-term Development of Science and Technology （2006-2020） （NPMLDST）. Since 2006, there has been a rapid increase in the number of citations of China＇s interna- tional papers in the field of communications. In accordance with the goals listed in the NPMLDST, China needs to over- take several competitors by 2020 to be among the top five countries in the field of natural science field. By comparing two Essential Science Indicators （ESI） （i.e., the total number of citations and the number of citations per paper） for China and other countries, China＇s annual growth rate is found to exceed that of other influential countries in the field of sci- ence and technology, and exhibits evident growth-type characteristics. Besides, our study also shows that the short- age of high-quality academic papers in China is the main obstacle to improving the impact of China＇s academic publications.展开更多
Allium tuberosum Roxb is very popular for its function of stomach-strengthening,spirit-freshening,yang-warming and kidney essencereplenishing,however,its seeds appear to low bud,irregular sapling and other side effect...Allium tuberosum Roxb is very popular for its function of stomach-strengthening,spirit-freshening,yang-warming and kidney essencereplenishing,however,its seeds appear to low bud,irregular sapling and other side effects,which result in low yield and poor quality.This paper analyzed effects of PEG6000 concentration on budding percentage in detail.It comes to conclusions that budding percentage of No.1 seed increases from 71% to 92% on the basis of 36 h treatment by 20% PEG6000 and 24 h water-drying,that of No.3 seed ranges from 30.4% to 53.4% on the basis of the same treatment by 10% PEG6000.展开更多
Objective:In China over the past decade,psychosocial oncology has emerged as a new program. Development of this program requires attention to current opportunities,obstacles and cultural concerns. Methods: A selected ...Objective:In China over the past decade,psychosocial oncology has emerged as a new program. Development of this program requires attention to current opportunities,obstacles and cultural concerns. Methods: A selected literature review of academic papers in Chinese and English language journals and web sites was analyzed for themes regarding the current status,challenges,and opportunities for psychosocial oncology in China. Results: China’s national cancer strategy (2004-2010),based on WHO guidelines,is focused on cancer prevention and treatment,as well as quality of life among cancer patients and their families. The Chinese Anti-Cancer Association is now funding research,training and international collaboration in psychosocial oncology. The newly organized Chinese Psychosocial Oncology Society,founded in 2006,aims to provide a national forum for psychosocial oncology research. Cultural and systemic challenges to establishing psychosocial oncology as a core discipline in China include: (1) the family’s desire to ‘protect’ cancer patients by with-holding cancer-related information; (2) stigma and privacy regarding mental health issues; (3) biomedical practitioners’ claims that psychosocial on-cology is not sufficiently evidence-based; and (4) limited funding for psychosocial oncology care and research. Conclusion: The International Psycho-Oncology Society (IPOS) is considered a valuable resource towards China’s interest in partnering with the international psychosocial oncology community to enhance the discipline globally.展开更多
With rapid development of the construction industry in China, lots of construction materials are being widely reused. Meanwhile, more and more materials for building remover or demolition enter into the environment as...With rapid development of the construction industry in China, lots of construction materials are being widely reused. Meanwhile, more and more materials for building remover or demolition enter into the environment as a result. However, China is facing big building garbage pollution, with simple disposal methods and low efficiency, which urgently needs to be improved. The paper takes Chongqing as an example to illustrate existing problems in this field and then puts forward corresponding countermeasures from the aspects of economy, technology, management and policy, aiming at enhancing the level of construction waste disposal in China.展开更多
Two single-storey single-span reinforcement concrete （RC） frame structures strengthened with Y-eccentrically brace were designed and manufactured to be 1/3 scale. The pseudo-dynamic testing method was used to study ...Two single-storey single-span reinforcement concrete （RC） frame structures strengthened with Y-eccentrically brace were designed and manufactured to be 1/3 scale. The pseudo-dynamic testing method was used to study the mechanical characteristics and the seismic performance under E1-Centro earthquake action with different peak acceleration adjusted by China＇s Code for Seismic Design of Buildings. The test results indicate that RC frame structures strengthened with Y- eccentrically steel brace present perfect seismic performance under strong earthquake action owing to the good ductility, strong bearing capability and fine energy absorbing capability provided by energy dissipation element and high lateral stiffness provided by diagonal braces. The seismic performance is also affected by the length of outsourcing steel at the joint between energy dissipation element of eccentric steel brace and RC frame beam. The joint should be considerably designed to make sure that shear failure can firstly occur in energy dissipation element.展开更多
Lignocellulosic biomass, being treated only with ammonia, treated with ammonia and then autoclaved, and treated with white-rot fungi after being mechanically chipped, were carried out to access the effects of lignocel...Lignocellulosic biomass, being treated only with ammonia, treated with ammonia and then autoclaved, and treated with white-rot fungi after being mechanically chipped, were carried out to access the effects of lignocellulose degradation by white-rot fimgi cultured on rapeseed straw. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis was used to show that the white-rot fungus Bjerkandera sp. strain increase the susceptibility of straw to enzymatic saccharification by modifying the lignin component, revealing the effect of these pretreatments on enzymatic saccharification. Reducing sugar production from straws pretreated by ammonia/mechanical chipping/fungi degradation was 29.80% higher than the samples treated with ammonia/autoclaving, indicating an effective degradation of phenolic compounds. After ammonia pretreatment 41% of the straw was converted to RS （reducing sugars） （glucose 50%）. After 5 weeks pretreatment with the white-rot fungus, 54.8% of rapeseed straw was further converted to RS, 74% of which was glucose; while only 12% of the control straw was converted （glucose 42%）. The white-rot fungus Bjerkandera sp. strain degraded rapeseed straw preferentially at the early stage （before 20 d）, and the degradation selectivity was 0.181 1 （cellulose）, 0.364 1 （hemicellulose）, and 0.454 8 （lignin）, suggesting that removal of the phenolic barriers enhanced reducing sugar yield, and the efficiency of fungal pretreatment was comparable with that after alkali treatment, resulting a higher proportion of glucose in the hydrolysates.展开更多
Amorphous alloy Mg1.8Cu0.2Ni was successfully prepared by mechanical alloying （MA） and a series of （n-x）Ni- x（Ti＋B） composites were synthesized by MA. The electrochemical properties of Mgl.8Cu0.2Ni coated by Ni...Amorphous alloy Mg1.8Cu0.2Ni was successfully prepared by mechanical alloying （MA） and a series of （n-x）Ni- x（Ti＋B） composites were synthesized by MA. The electrochemical properties of Mgl.8Cu0.2Ni coated by Ni, Ti and B were studied by cyclic charge-discharge, linear polarization curve, and hydrogen diffusion coefficient experiments. Experimental results indicate that Mg1.8Cu0.2Ni-[0.9Ni0.6（Ti＋B）] composite which was MA 30 h exhibited the best performance and its initial discharge capacity arrived to 714.1 mAh/g. After 30 cycles the discharge capacity was above 530 mAh/g, which was much higher than that of Mg1.8Cu0.2Ni. And after 100 cycles it holded still 442.1 mAh/g. On all accounts, after modification by Ni, Ti and B, the initial discharge capacity and high-rate discharge ability of the electrode were evidently increased. At the same time, the cycle performance was also improved significantly.展开更多
基金Funded by the Key Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China under Grant No.GC-10-1006
文摘To consider the bending collapse of the pipes in the latticed frames, based on the multi-scale simulation, the collapsed parts of the pipe are meshed by the shell elements as micro-scaled models, and the other parts are meshed by beam elements macro-models. The incremental displacement constraint equations for the nodes on the section between the two models are established based on the plane section premise of classical beam theory. The method to introduce the constraint equations is derived based on the Updated Largrangian method. The location of the micro-model is predicted by the stress field of the beam element, and the length of the collapsed part is adjusted by the plastic energy in the micro model. Several examples are included to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of this method.
文摘Two-oriented agriculture was a complex organism coupling production,economics,society and ecology.Its development process was affected by various factors such as producers,nature,society,etc.In order to overcome measurement error of traditional data envelopment analysis caused by ignoring random,three-stage DEA model was studied to remove environmental factors and random effects.On the foundation of this model was two-oriented agriculture comprehensive production efficiency of 14 cities were estimated in Hunan Province in 2008,and brown forth corresponding policy proposals to promote agricultural development.
基金supported by National High-tech R&D Program of China (863 Program) under Grant No.2011AA01A206
文摘China＇s cormaaunications industry is an important part of the electronic information industry, and plays a significant role in the national informatization process. In 2006, China issued its National Plans for Medium and Long-term Development of Science and Technology （2006-2020） （NPMLDST）. Since 2006, there has been a rapid increase in the number of citations of China＇s interna- tional papers in the field of communications. In accordance with the goals listed in the NPMLDST, China needs to over- take several competitors by 2020 to be among the top five countries in the field of natural science field. By comparing two Essential Science Indicators （ESI） （i.e., the total number of citations and the number of citations per paper） for China and other countries, China＇s annual growth rate is found to exceed that of other influential countries in the field of sci- ence and technology, and exhibits evident growth-type characteristics. Besides, our study also shows that the short- age of high-quality academic papers in China is the main obstacle to improving the impact of China＇s academic publications.
文摘Allium tuberosum Roxb is very popular for its function of stomach-strengthening,spirit-freshening,yang-warming and kidney essencereplenishing,however,its seeds appear to low bud,irregular sapling and other side effects,which result in low yield and poor quality.This paper analyzed effects of PEG6000 concentration on budding percentage in detail.It comes to conclusions that budding percentage of No.1 seed increases from 71% to 92% on the basis of 36 h treatment by 20% PEG6000 and 24 h water-drying,that of No.3 seed ranges from 30.4% to 53.4% on the basis of the same treatment by 10% PEG6000.
文摘Objective:In China over the past decade,psychosocial oncology has emerged as a new program. Development of this program requires attention to current opportunities,obstacles and cultural concerns. Methods: A selected literature review of academic papers in Chinese and English language journals and web sites was analyzed for themes regarding the current status,challenges,and opportunities for psychosocial oncology in China. Results: China’s national cancer strategy (2004-2010),based on WHO guidelines,is focused on cancer prevention and treatment,as well as quality of life among cancer patients and their families. The Chinese Anti-Cancer Association is now funding research,training and international collaboration in psychosocial oncology. The newly organized Chinese Psychosocial Oncology Society,founded in 2006,aims to provide a national forum for psychosocial oncology research. Cultural and systemic challenges to establishing psychosocial oncology as a core discipline in China include: (1) the family’s desire to ‘protect’ cancer patients by with-holding cancer-related information; (2) stigma and privacy regarding mental health issues; (3) biomedical practitioners’ claims that psychosocial on-cology is not sufficiently evidence-based; and (4) limited funding for psychosocial oncology care and research. Conclusion: The International Psycho-Oncology Society (IPOS) is considered a valuable resource towards China’s interest in partnering with the international psychosocial oncology community to enhance the discipline globally.
基金Funded by 2011 Construction Science and Technology Project of Chongqing Municipal Commission of Urban-Rural Development(No.2011-1-8)
文摘With rapid development of the construction industry in China, lots of construction materials are being widely reused. Meanwhile, more and more materials for building remover or demolition enter into the environment as a result. However, China is facing big building garbage pollution, with simple disposal methods and low efficiency, which urgently needs to be improved. The paper takes Chongqing as an example to illustrate existing problems in this field and then puts forward corresponding countermeasures from the aspects of economy, technology, management and policy, aiming at enhancing the level of construction waste disposal in China.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51078248)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
文摘Two single-storey single-span reinforcement concrete （RC） frame structures strengthened with Y-eccentrically brace were designed and manufactured to be 1/3 scale. The pseudo-dynamic testing method was used to study the mechanical characteristics and the seismic performance under E1-Centro earthquake action with different peak acceleration adjusted by China＇s Code for Seismic Design of Buildings. The test results indicate that RC frame structures strengthened with Y- eccentrically steel brace present perfect seismic performance under strong earthquake action owing to the good ductility, strong bearing capability and fine energy absorbing capability provided by energy dissipation element and high lateral stiffness provided by diagonal braces. The seismic performance is also affected by the length of outsourcing steel at the joint between energy dissipation element of eccentric steel brace and RC frame beam. The joint should be considerably designed to make sure that shear failure can firstly occur in energy dissipation element.
基金supported by the New & Renewable Energy of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)Grant Funded by the Korea Government Ministry of Knowledge Economy(No.20103020090020)
文摘Lignocellulosic biomass, being treated only with ammonia, treated with ammonia and then autoclaved, and treated with white-rot fungi after being mechanically chipped, were carried out to access the effects of lignocellulose degradation by white-rot fimgi cultured on rapeseed straw. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis was used to show that the white-rot fungus Bjerkandera sp. strain increase the susceptibility of straw to enzymatic saccharification by modifying the lignin component, revealing the effect of these pretreatments on enzymatic saccharification. Reducing sugar production from straws pretreated by ammonia/mechanical chipping/fungi degradation was 29.80% higher than the samples treated with ammonia/autoclaving, indicating an effective degradation of phenolic compounds. After ammonia pretreatment 41% of the straw was converted to RS （reducing sugars） （glucose 50%）. After 5 weeks pretreatment with the white-rot fungus, 54.8% of rapeseed straw was further converted to RS, 74% of which was glucose; while only 12% of the control straw was converted （glucose 42%）. The white-rot fungus Bjerkandera sp. strain degraded rapeseed straw preferentially at the early stage （before 20 d）, and the degradation selectivity was 0.181 1 （cellulose）, 0.364 1 （hemicellulose）, and 0.454 8 （lignin）, suggesting that removal of the phenolic barriers enhanced reducing sugar yield, and the efficiency of fungal pretreatment was comparable with that after alkali treatment, resulting a higher proportion of glucose in the hydrolysates.
文摘Amorphous alloy Mg1.8Cu0.2Ni was successfully prepared by mechanical alloying （MA） and a series of （n-x）Ni- x（Ti＋B） composites were synthesized by MA. The electrochemical properties of Mgl.8Cu0.2Ni coated by Ni, Ti and B were studied by cyclic charge-discharge, linear polarization curve, and hydrogen diffusion coefficient experiments. Experimental results indicate that Mg1.8Cu0.2Ni-[0.9Ni0.6（Ti＋B）] composite which was MA 30 h exhibited the best performance and its initial discharge capacity arrived to 714.1 mAh/g. After 30 cycles the discharge capacity was above 530 mAh/g, which was much higher than that of Mg1.8Cu0.2Ni. And after 100 cycles it holded still 442.1 mAh/g. On all accounts, after modification by Ni, Ti and B, the initial discharge capacity and high-rate discharge ability of the electrode were evidently increased. At the same time, the cycle performance was also improved significantly.
