2002年10月3-5日,由国际现代化学史委员会(Commission on the History of Modern Chemistry,简称CHMC)主办的第4届国际现代化学史研讨会在地处美国费城的化学遗产基金会(Chemical Heritage Foundation,简称CHF)举行.这次会议的主题是&qu...2002年10月3-5日,由国际现代化学史委员会(Commission on the History of Modern Chemistry,简称CHMC)主办的第4届国际现代化学史研讨会在地处美国费城的化学遗产基金会(Chemical Heritage Foundation,简称CHF)举行.这次会议的主题是"在化学和分子科学中工业与学术研究的关系",开幕式由CHF现任主席、国际著名的科学史家、曾担任过Isis主编的Arnold Thackray主持,来自美国、德国、法国、英国、意大利、瑞士、西班牙、委内瑞拉、日本、印度、中国等14个国家的15位研究者提交了论文并作了为期两天的演讲.展开更多
Bionics （the imitation or abstraction of the ＂inventions＂ of nature） and, to an even greater extent, syn- thetic biology, will be as relevant to engineering development and industry as the silicon chip was over th...Bionics （the imitation or abstraction of the ＂inventions＂ of nature） and, to an even greater extent, syn- thetic biology, will be as relevant to engineering development and industry as the silicon chip was over the last 50 years. Chemical industries already use so-called ＂white biotechnology＂ for new processes, new raw materials, and more sustainable use of resources. Synthetic biology is also used for the devel- opment of second-generation biofuels and for harvesting the sun＇s energy with the help of tailor-made microorganisms or biometrically designed catalysts. The market potential for bionics in medicine, en- gineering processes, and DNA storage is huge. ＂Moonshot＂ projects are already aggressively focusing on diseases and new materials, and a US-led competition is currently underway with the aim of creating a thousand new molecules. This article describes a timeline that starts with current projects and then moves on to code engineering projects and their implications, artificial DNA, signaling molecules, and biological circuitry. Beyond these projects, one of the next frontiers in bionics is the design of synthetic metabolisms that include artificial food chains and foods, and the bioengineering of raw materials; all of which will lead to new insights into biological principles. Bioengineering will be an innovation motor just as digitalization is today. This article discusses pertinent examples of bioengineering, particularly the use of alternative carbon-based biofuels and the techniques and perils of cell modification. Big data, analytics, and massive storage are important factors in this next frontier. Although synthetic biology will be as pervasive and transformative in the next 50 years as digitization and the Intemet are today, its ap- plications and impacts are still in nascent stages. This article provides a general taxonomy in which the development of bioengineering is classified in five stages （DNA analysis, bio-circuits, minimal genomes, protocells, xenobiology） from the familiar to the unknown, with implications for safety and security, in- dustrial development, and the development of bioengineering and biotechnology as an interdisciplinary field. Ethical issues and the importance of a public debate about the consequences of bionics and syn- thetic biology are discussed.展开更多
IPv4 address space has been exhausted since2011.The problem will be solved by moving forward to the next-generation Internet based on IPv6.Smooth transition from IPv4 to IPv6is the key to deciding whether the next-gen...IPv4 address space has been exhausted since2011.The problem will be solved by moving forward to the next-generation Internet based on IPv6.Smooth transition from IPv4 to IPv6is the key to deciding whether the next-generation Internet is successful.IPv6-transition,hence,has been become the focus of both industry and academia.展开更多
Control performance monitoring has attracted great attention in both academia and industry over the past two decades. However, most research efforts have been devoted to the performance monitoring of linear control sy...Control performance monitoring has attracted great attention in both academia and industry over the past two decades. However, most research efforts have been devoted to the performance monitoring of linear control systems, without considering the pervasive nonlinearities(e.g. valve stiction) present in most industrial control systems. In this work, a novel probability distribution distance based index is proposed to monitor the performance of non-linear control systems. The proposed method uses Hellinger distance to evaluate change of control system performance. Several simulation examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Chemical engineering has played an important role in the development of petrochemical industry. Some important advances in chemical engineering have been discussed in detail, i. e. petroleum refining, organic chemical...Chemical engineering has played an important role in the development of petrochemical industry. Some important advances in chemical engineering have been discussed in detail, i. e. petroleum refining, organic chemicals,synthetic resin, synthetic fibers and relevant raw materials, synthetic rubber, and process energy integration. The main business targets of China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (SINOPEC Corp.) and the focus of further researches are also addressed.展开更多
Multiphase emulsions could be used as templates in considerable fields such as coating, optical materials, stan- dard particles and biomedicine. Among various emulsion forming methods, microfluidic technology, with go...Multiphase emulsions could be used as templates in considerable fields such as coating, optical materials, stan- dard particles and biomedicine. Among various emulsion forming methods, microfluidic technology, with good monodispersity, high controllability and operation simplicity, has been widely used in the preparation of multi- phase emulsions with different systems. This review would focus on the basic principles of forming multiphase emulsions, the recent progress in controlling multiphase flow in microfluidics, and preparation of functional ma- terials with microfluidics mainly by the authors＇ research group. We believe that the review will contribute to the readers in this prospective area very well. ~ 2016 The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China, and Chemical Industry Press. All rights reserved.展开更多
Modem technology and manufacturing methods often require engineers who understand the fundamental principles of vibration theory and who are also skilled in vibration applications. Simply processing, remembering and a...Modem technology and manufacturing methods often require engineers who understand the fundamental principles of vibration theory and who are also skilled in vibration applications. Simply processing, remembering and applying the material learned from lectures and laboratory experiments With artificial criteria are inadequate. Hands-on teaching techniques with real-world problems are needed to complete the engineering students＇ education. This paper demonstrates how hands-on experiments performed in industry support and increase the students＇ understanding of fundamental principles and skill in their applications. Graduates with both knowledge and skill are more competitive in today＇s job market. A one-quarter industry-based vibration course was developed and taught with a hands-on segment at the Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering and Technology （MMET） program at Oregon Institute of Technology （OIT） - Portland Campus. This novel instructional approach provided students with the opportunity to immediately apply material, learned in class and laboratory, in real-world industry situations with real-world problems. This instructional approach is applicable in many engineering fields and the author found the mechanical vibrations class particularly well suited for this instructional design style. The hands-on approach, grounded in the vibration course curriculum, provided a direct link to the fundamentals of vibration in industry. Student comments are included to demonstrate the value perceived by the students. Although this curriculum experiment involved mechanical engineering technology students, it would benefit mechanical engineering students equally well. In addition, the paper provides a brief description of the industries that participated in this project. Industries were selected because they use vibration based manufacturing, perform extreme testing or design their products to avoid failure due to vibrations.展开更多
The effectiveness of CO2 microsize bubbles for removal of Ca2＋ ions in the leaching water discharged from the final landfill site was evaluated using imitation water. For the important parameter in the Ca2＋ ion remo...The effectiveness of CO2 microsize bubbles for removal of Ca2＋ ions in the leaching water discharged from the final landfill site was evaluated using imitation water. For the important parameter in the Ca2＋ ion removal, it was found that the treatment in alkaline region above pH = 10 was optimum. The possibility of using CO2 microbubbles was examined by substitution of chemical Na2CO3, which is used in large quantifies today. In addition, the excellence of CO2 microbubbles was demonstrated by comparing with CO2 millimeter size bubbles. @ 2015 The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China, and Chemical Industry Press. All rights reserved.展开更多
文摘2002年10月3-5日,由国际现代化学史委员会(Commission on the History of Modern Chemistry,简称CHMC)主办的第4届国际现代化学史研讨会在地处美国费城的化学遗产基金会(Chemical Heritage Foundation,简称CHF)举行.这次会议的主题是"在化学和分子科学中工业与学术研究的关系",开幕式由CHF现任主席、国际著名的科学史家、曾担任过Isis主编的Arnold Thackray主持,来自美国、德国、法国、英国、意大利、瑞士、西班牙、委内瑞拉、日本、印度、中国等14个国家的15位研究者提交了论文并作了为期两天的演讲.
文摘Bionics （the imitation or abstraction of the ＂inventions＂ of nature） and, to an even greater extent, syn- thetic biology, will be as relevant to engineering development and industry as the silicon chip was over the last 50 years. Chemical industries already use so-called ＂white biotechnology＂ for new processes, new raw materials, and more sustainable use of resources. Synthetic biology is also used for the devel- opment of second-generation biofuels and for harvesting the sun＇s energy with the help of tailor-made microorganisms or biometrically designed catalysts. The market potential for bionics in medicine, en- gineering processes, and DNA storage is huge. ＂Moonshot＂ projects are already aggressively focusing on diseases and new materials, and a US-led competition is currently underway with the aim of creating a thousand new molecules. This article describes a timeline that starts with current projects and then moves on to code engineering projects and their implications, artificial DNA, signaling molecules, and biological circuitry. Beyond these projects, one of the next frontiers in bionics is the design of synthetic metabolisms that include artificial food chains and foods, and the bioengineering of raw materials; all of which will lead to new insights into biological principles. Bioengineering will be an innovation motor just as digitalization is today. This article discusses pertinent examples of bioengineering, particularly the use of alternative carbon-based biofuels and the techniques and perils of cell modification. Big data, analytics, and massive storage are important factors in this next frontier. Although synthetic biology will be as pervasive and transformative in the next 50 years as digitization and the Intemet are today, its ap- plications and impacts are still in nascent stages. This article provides a general taxonomy in which the development of bioengineering is classified in five stages （DNA analysis, bio-circuits, minimal genomes, protocells, xenobiology） from the familiar to the unknown, with implications for safety and security, in- dustrial development, and the development of bioengineering and biotechnology as an interdisciplinary field. Ethical issues and the importance of a public debate about the consequences of bionics and syn- thetic biology are discussed.
文摘IPv4 address space has been exhausted since2011.The problem will be solved by moving forward to the next-generation Internet based on IPv6.Smooth transition from IPv4 to IPv6is the key to deciding whether the next-generation Internet is successful.IPv6-transition,hence,has been become the focus of both industry and academia.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61134007,61203157)the National Science Fund for Outstanding Young Scholars(61222303)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(22A20151405)Shanghai R&D Platform Construction Program(13DZ2295300)
文摘Control performance monitoring has attracted great attention in both academia and industry over the past two decades. However, most research efforts have been devoted to the performance monitoring of linear control systems, without considering the pervasive nonlinearities(e.g. valve stiction) present in most industrial control systems. In this work, a novel probability distribution distance based index is proposed to monitor the performance of non-linear control systems. The proposed method uses Hellinger distance to evaluate change of control system performance. Several simulation examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘Chemical engineering has played an important role in the development of petrochemical industry. Some important advances in chemical engineering have been discussed in detail, i. e. petroleum refining, organic chemicals,synthetic resin, synthetic fibers and relevant raw materials, synthetic rubber, and process energy integration. The main business targets of China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (SINOPEC Corp.) and the focus of further researches are also addressed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21322604,21476121,21136006)NSAF(U1530107)+1 种基金the National Basic Research Programof China(2012CBA01203)and Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(2014z21026)
文摘Multiphase emulsions could be used as templates in considerable fields such as coating, optical materials, stan- dard particles and biomedicine. Among various emulsion forming methods, microfluidic technology, with good monodispersity, high controllability and operation simplicity, has been widely used in the preparation of multi- phase emulsions with different systems. This review would focus on the basic principles of forming multiphase emulsions, the recent progress in controlling multiphase flow in microfluidics, and preparation of functional ma- terials with microfluidics mainly by the authors＇ research group. We believe that the review will contribute to the readers in this prospective area very well. ~ 2016 The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China, and Chemical Industry Press. All rights reserved.
文摘Modem technology and manufacturing methods often require engineers who understand the fundamental principles of vibration theory and who are also skilled in vibration applications. Simply processing, remembering and applying the material learned from lectures and laboratory experiments With artificial criteria are inadequate. Hands-on teaching techniques with real-world problems are needed to complete the engineering students＇ education. This paper demonstrates how hands-on experiments performed in industry support and increase the students＇ understanding of fundamental principles and skill in their applications. Graduates with both knowledge and skill are more competitive in today＇s job market. A one-quarter industry-based vibration course was developed and taught with a hands-on segment at the Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering and Technology （MMET） program at Oregon Institute of Technology （OIT） - Portland Campus. This novel instructional approach provided students with the opportunity to immediately apply material, learned in class and laboratory, in real-world industry situations with real-world problems. This instructional approach is applicable in many engineering fields and the author found the mechanical vibrations class particularly well suited for this instructional design style. The hands-on approach, grounded in the vibration course curriculum, provided a direct link to the fundamentals of vibration in industry. Student comments are included to demonstrate the value perceived by the students. Although this curriculum experiment involved mechanical engineering technology students, it would benefit mechanical engineering students equally well. In addition, the paper provides a brief description of the industries that participated in this project. Industries were selected because they use vibration based manufacturing, perform extreme testing or design their products to avoid failure due to vibrations.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars(21425625)the National Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars(21422607)
文摘The effectiveness of CO2 microsize bubbles for removal of Ca2＋ ions in the leaching water discharged from the final landfill site was evaluated using imitation water. For the important parameter in the Ca2＋ ion removal, it was found that the treatment in alkaline region above pH = 10 was optimum. The possibility of using CO2 microbubbles was examined by substitution of chemical Na2CO3, which is used in large quantifies today. In addition, the excellence of CO2 microbubbles was demonstrated by comparing with CO2 millimeter size bubbles. @ 2015 The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China, and Chemical Industry Press. All rights reserved.
