Thermal dehydration of gypsum and borogypsum was investigated under nonisothermal conditions in air by using simultaneous thermogravimetric-differential thermal analyzer. Nonisothermal experiments were carried out at ...Thermal dehydration of gypsum and borogypsum was investigated under nonisothermal conditions in air by using simultaneous thermogravimetric-differential thermal analyzer. Nonisothermal experiments were carried out at various linear heating rates. Kinetics of dehydration in the temperature range of 373-503 K were evaluated from the DTA (differential thermal analysis)-TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) data by means of Coats-Redfern,Kissinger and Doyle Equations. Values of the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor of the dehydration were calculated. The results of thermal experiments and kinetic parameters indicated that borogypsum is similar to gypsum from dehydration mechanism point of view although it consists of boron and small amount of alkali metal oxides.展开更多
The kinetic behavior of leaching copper from low grade copper oxide ore was investigated. The effects of leaching temperature, H2SO4 concentration, particle size of crude ore and agitation rate on the leaching efficie...The kinetic behavior of leaching copper from low grade copper oxide ore was investigated. The effects of leaching temperature, H2SO4 concentration, particle size of crude ore and agitation rate on the leaching efficiency of copper were also evaluated. And the kinetic equations of the leaching process were obtained. The results show that the leaching process can be described with a reaction model of shrinking core. The reaction can be divided into three stages. The first stage is the dissolution of free copper oxide and copper oxide wrapped by hematite-limonite ore. At this stage, the leaching efficiency is very fast (leaching efficiency is larger than 60%). The second stage is the leaching of diffiuent copper oxides, whose apparent activation energy is 43.26 kJ/mol. During this process, the chemical reaction is the control step, and the reaction order of H2SO4 is 0.433 84. The third stage is the leaching of copper oxide wrapped by hematite-limonite and silicate ore with apparent activation energy of 16.08 kJ/mol, which belongs to the mixed control.展开更多
Mathematical economic modeling is widely used to provide a reference for policy makers and guidance for the specific work of many departments, such as saving expenditures, reducing costs and improving profit. Particul...Mathematical economic modeling is widely used to provide a reference for policy makers and guidance for the specific work of many departments, such as saving expenditures, reducing costs and improving profit. Particularly, it can predict and estimate the future, playing a great role in promoting the rapid development of science and technology as well as the management of market economy. In general, mathematics does not directly deal with the objective conditions on the management of market economy. In order to use mathematics to solve problems in the field of the management of market economic, it is necessary to carry out mathematical economic modeling.展开更多
An improved weighted scale-free network, which has two evolution mechanisms: topological growth and strength dynamics, has been introduced. The topology structure of the model will be explored in details in this work...An improved weighted scale-free network, which has two evolution mechanisms: topological growth and strength dynamics, has been introduced. The topology structure of the model will be explored in details in this work. The evolution driven mechanism of Olami-Feder Christensen (OFC) model is added to our model to study the self-organlzed criticality and the dynamical behavior. We also.consider attack mechanism and the study of the model with attack is also investigated in this paper. We tlnd there are differences between the model with attack and without attack.展开更多
The major purpose of any university is high-quality education of its students for the needs of society. Qualified staff (including teachers and administration) is the necessary condition for high-quality education o...The major purpose of any university is high-quality education of its students for the needs of society. Qualified staff (including teachers and administration) is the necessary condition for high-quality education of students. The qualified staff (university teachers) can only be internationally competitive when they do high quality research andactively participate in the university management. Government and industry set up the "boundary conditions" for universities, but they should not interfere into the internal self-governance of the universities, and should respect academic freedom. A world-class university has its own Triple Helix uniting education, research and innovation. A few specific examples of practical realization of such "sub" Triple Helix are given, which are based on personal experience of the author during 24 years of his work as a professor at leading universities in the USA, Germany and Japan. Though some findings and conclusions may have limited use in any particular country, there are universal features that should be present in any modem university interested in increasing its impact on local environment, concerned with interaction to local government and local businesses, and striving for top positions in international rankings.展开更多
9th NPY Meeting was held for the f irst time in Japan in March 2008, which was organized by Akio Inui, Profes-sor and Chairman, Department of Psychosomatic In-ternal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of M...9th NPY Meeting was held for the f irst time in Japan in March 2008, which was organized by Akio Inui, Profes-sor and Chairman, Department of Psychosomatic In-ternal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan. We have invited him to write TOPIC HIGHLIGHT for WJG focused on ghrelin along the gut-brain axis.This TOPIC HIGHLIGHT is the 'ghrelin version' of the proceedings of 9th NPY Meeting and presents ex-amples of the critical interplay in ghrelin-NPY pathway in response to environmental,展开更多
Due to the extreme complexity of mechanical response of soft surrounding rock(SR) around a tunnel under high geostatic stress conditions, the integration of physical and numerical modeling techniques was adopted. Base...Due to the extreme complexity of mechanical response of soft surrounding rock(SR) around a tunnel under high geostatic stress conditions, the integration of physical and numerical modeling techniques was adopted. Based on the similarity theory, new composite-similar material was developed, which showed good agreement with the similarity relation and successfully simulated physico-mechanical properties(PMP) of deep buried soft rock. And the 800 mm×800 mm×200 mm physical model(PM) was conducted, in which the endoscopic camera technique was adopted to track the entire process of failure of the model all the time. The experimental results indicate that the deformation of SR around a underground cavern possessed the characteristics of development by stages and in delay, and the initial damage of SR could induce rapid failure in the later stage, and the whole process could be divided into three stages, including the localized extension of crack(the horizontal load(HL) was in the range of 130 k N to 170 k N, the vertical load(VL) was in the range of 119 k N to 153.8 k N), rapid crack coalescence(the HL was in the range of 170 k N to 210 k N, the VL was in the range of 153.8 k N to 182.5 k N) and residual strength(the HL was greater than 210 k N, the VL was greater than 182.5 k N). Under the high stress conditions, the phenomenon of deformation localization in the SR became serious and different space positions show different deformation characteristics. In order to further explore the deformation localization and progressive failure phenomenon of soft SR around the deeply buried tunnel, applying the analysis software of FLAC3 D three-dimensional explicit finite-difference method, based on the composite strain-softening model of Mohr-Coulomb shear failure and tensile failure, the calculation method of large deformation was adopted. Then, the comparative analysis between the PM experiment and numerical simulation of the three centered arch tunnels was implemented and the relationship of deformation localization and progressive failure of SR around a tunnel under high stress conditions was discussed.展开更多
MPW (magnetic pulse welding) is a solid state joining technology that allows for the generation of strong metallic bonds, even between dissimilar metals. Due to the absence of external heat, critical intermetallic p...MPW (magnetic pulse welding) is a solid state joining technology that allows for the generation of strong metallic bonds, even between dissimilar metals. Due to the absence of external heat, critical intermetallic phases can largely be avoided. In this process, Lorentz forces are utilized for the rapid acceleration of at least one of the two metallic joining partners leading to the controlled high velocity impact between them. The measurement of the collision conditions and their targeted manipulation are the key factors of a successful process development. Optical measuring techniques are preferred, since they are not influenced by the prevalent strong magnetic field in the vicinity of the working coil. In this paper, the characteristic high velocity impact flash during MPW was monitored and evaluated using phototransistors in order to measure the time of the impact. The results are in good accordance with the established PDV (photon Doppler velocimetry) and show a good repeatability. Furthermore, the collision front velocity was investigated using adapted part geometries within a series of tests. This velocity component is one of the key parameters in MPW; its value decreases along the weld zone. With the help of this newly introduced measurement tool, the magnetic pressure distribution or the joining geometry can be adjusted more effectively.展开更多
With science and technology development,vibration testing as the most important item in reliability test is becoming more and more important,at the same time,vibrate condition becoming more and more complicated,the ph...With science and technology development,vibration testing as the most important item in reliability test is becoming more and more important,at the same time,vibrate condition becoming more and more complicated,the phenomenon increases that the output of controller goes beyond controlling range so that destroy the specimen. In this paper,some skills such as how to set the parameters of force controller,where to place the sensor,which material to be chosen and which skills to be used while making jigs were introduced to avoid the just matter. At last,some examples were given to prove the validity of the method proposed.展开更多
In order to understand IT teaching conditions and living environment in the less developed areas of rural primary and secondary school, the paper uses questionnaire survey equipment to investigate education of some ru...In order to understand IT teaching conditions and living environment in the less developed areas of rural primary and secondary school, the paper uses questionnaire survey equipment to investigate education of some rural underdeveloped areas of information technology in primary and secondary school in Jiangxi. And it has analyzed 2011-2013 investment and construction of the status quo in education funding for information technology equipment. The results show: Less Developed Areas in primary and secondary school education information and technology education equipment cannot meet the needs of the development of education with lack of funding support, poor school environment and information technology teaching conditions. And this phenomenon has been analyzed, and effective measures are to improve primary and secondary school education in underdeveloped areas of information technology conditions and educational level.展开更多
Objective:Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP)requires pneumoperitoneum(Pnp)and a steep head-down position that may disturb respiratory system compliance(Crs)during surgery.Our aim was to compare the effects of ...Objective:Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP)requires pneumoperitoneum(Pnp)and a steep head-down position that may disturb respiratory system compliance(Crs)during surgery.Our aim was to compare the effects of different degrees of neuromuscular block(NMB)on Crs with the same Pnp pressure during RARP.Methods:One hundred patients who underwent RARP were enrolled and randomly allocated to a deep or moderate NMB group with 50 patients in each group.Rocuronium was administered to both groups:in the moderate NMB group to maintain 1–2 responses to train-of-four(TOF)stimulation;and in the deep NMB group to maintain no response to TOF stimulation and 1–2 responses in the post-tetanic count.Pnp pressure in both groups was 10 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=133.3 Pa).Peak inspiratory pressure(Ppeak),mean pressure(Pmean),Crs,and airway resistance(Raw)were recorded after anesthesia induction and at 0,30,60,and 90 min of Pnp and post-Pnp.Surgical space conditions were evaluated after the procedure on a 4-point scale.Results:Immediately after the Pnp,Ppeak,Pmean,and Raw significantly increased,while Crs decreased and persisted during Pnp in both groups.The results did not significantly differ between the two groups at any of the time points.There was no difference in surgical space conditions between groups.Body movements occurred in 14 cases in the moderate NMB group and in one case in the deep NMB group,and all occurred during obturator lymphadenectomy.A significant difference between the two groups was observed.Conclusions:Under the same Pnp pressure in RARP,deep and moderate NMBs resulted in similar changes in Crs,and in other respiratory mechanics and surgical space conditions.However,deep NMB significantly reduced body movements during surgery.展开更多
基金Supported by the Turkish Republic Prime Ministry State Planning Organization (No. 98-DPT-07-01-02) and the Yildiz Technical University Research Foundation (No. 95-B-07-01-04).
文摘Thermal dehydration of gypsum and borogypsum was investigated under nonisothermal conditions in air by using simultaneous thermogravimetric-differential thermal analyzer. Nonisothermal experiments were carried out at various linear heating rates. Kinetics of dehydration in the temperature range of 373-503 K were evaluated from the DTA (differential thermal analysis)-TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) data by means of Coats-Redfern,Kissinger and Doyle Equations. Values of the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor of the dehydration were calculated. The results of thermal experiments and kinetic parameters indicated that borogypsum is similar to gypsum from dehydration mechanism point of view although it consists of boron and small amount of alkali metal oxides.
基金Project(2005BA639C) supported by the National Science and Technology Development of China
文摘The kinetic behavior of leaching copper from low grade copper oxide ore was investigated. The effects of leaching temperature, H2SO4 concentration, particle size of crude ore and agitation rate on the leaching efficiency of copper were also evaluated. And the kinetic equations of the leaching process were obtained. The results show that the leaching process can be described with a reaction model of shrinking core. The reaction can be divided into three stages. The first stage is the dissolution of free copper oxide and copper oxide wrapped by hematite-limonite ore. At this stage, the leaching efficiency is very fast (leaching efficiency is larger than 60%). The second stage is the leaching of diffiuent copper oxides, whose apparent activation energy is 43.26 kJ/mol. During this process, the chemical reaction is the control step, and the reaction order of H2SO4 is 0.433 84. The third stage is the leaching of copper oxide wrapped by hematite-limonite and silicate ore with apparent activation energy of 16.08 kJ/mol, which belongs to the mixed control.
文摘Mathematical economic modeling is widely used to provide a reference for policy makers and guidance for the specific work of many departments, such as saving expenditures, reducing costs and improving profit. Particularly, it can predict and estimate the future, playing a great role in promoting the rapid development of science and technology as well as the management of market economy. In general, mathematics does not directly deal with the objective conditions on the management of market economy. In order to use mathematics to solve problems in the field of the management of market economic, it is necessary to carry out mathematical economic modeling.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10675060
文摘An improved weighted scale-free network, which has two evolution mechanisms: topological growth and strength dynamics, has been introduced. The topology structure of the model will be explored in details in this work. The evolution driven mechanism of Olami-Feder Christensen (OFC) model is added to our model to study the self-organlzed criticality and the dynamical behavior. We also.consider attack mechanism and the study of the model with attack is also investigated in this paper. We tlnd there are differences between the model with attack and without attack.
文摘The major purpose of any university is high-quality education of its students for the needs of society. Qualified staff (including teachers and administration) is the necessary condition for high-quality education of students. The qualified staff (university teachers) can only be internationally competitive when they do high quality research andactively participate in the university management. Government and industry set up the "boundary conditions" for universities, but they should not interfere into the internal self-governance of the universities, and should respect academic freedom. A world-class university has its own Triple Helix uniting education, research and innovation. A few specific examples of practical realization of such "sub" Triple Helix are given, which are based on personal experience of the author during 24 years of his work as a professor at leading universities in the USA, Germany and Japan. Though some findings and conclusions may have limited use in any particular country, there are universal features that should be present in any modem university interested in increasing its impact on local environment, concerned with interaction to local government and local businesses, and striving for top positions in international rankings.
文摘9th NPY Meeting was held for the f irst time in Japan in March 2008, which was organized by Akio Inui, Profes-sor and Chairman, Department of Psychosomatic In-ternal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan. We have invited him to write TOPIC HIGHLIGHT for WJG focused on ghrelin along the gut-brain axis.This TOPIC HIGHLIGHT is the 'ghrelin version' of the proceedings of 9th NPY Meeting and presents ex-amples of the critical interplay in ghrelin-NPY pathway in response to environmental,
基金Projects(51374257,50804060)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(NCET-09-0844)supported by the New Century Excellent Talent Foundation from MOE of China
文摘Due to the extreme complexity of mechanical response of soft surrounding rock(SR) around a tunnel under high geostatic stress conditions, the integration of physical and numerical modeling techniques was adopted. Based on the similarity theory, new composite-similar material was developed, which showed good agreement with the similarity relation and successfully simulated physico-mechanical properties(PMP) of deep buried soft rock. And the 800 mm×800 mm×200 mm physical model(PM) was conducted, in which the endoscopic camera technique was adopted to track the entire process of failure of the model all the time. The experimental results indicate that the deformation of SR around a underground cavern possessed the characteristics of development by stages and in delay, and the initial damage of SR could induce rapid failure in the later stage, and the whole process could be divided into three stages, including the localized extension of crack(the horizontal load(HL) was in the range of 130 k N to 170 k N, the vertical load(VL) was in the range of 119 k N to 153.8 k N), rapid crack coalescence(the HL was in the range of 170 k N to 210 k N, the VL was in the range of 153.8 k N to 182.5 k N) and residual strength(the HL was greater than 210 k N, the VL was greater than 182.5 k N). Under the high stress conditions, the phenomenon of deformation localization in the SR became serious and different space positions show different deformation characteristics. In order to further explore the deformation localization and progressive failure phenomenon of soft SR around the deeply buried tunnel, applying the analysis software of FLAC3 D three-dimensional explicit finite-difference method, based on the composite strain-softening model of Mohr-Coulomb shear failure and tensile failure, the calculation method of large deformation was adopted. Then, the comparative analysis between the PM experiment and numerical simulation of the three centered arch tunnels was implemented and the relationship of deformation localization and progressive failure of SR around a tunnel under high stress conditions was discussed.
文摘MPW (magnetic pulse welding) is a solid state joining technology that allows for the generation of strong metallic bonds, even between dissimilar metals. Due to the absence of external heat, critical intermetallic phases can largely be avoided. In this process, Lorentz forces are utilized for the rapid acceleration of at least one of the two metallic joining partners leading to the controlled high velocity impact between them. The measurement of the collision conditions and their targeted manipulation are the key factors of a successful process development. Optical measuring techniques are preferred, since they are not influenced by the prevalent strong magnetic field in the vicinity of the working coil. In this paper, the characteristic high velocity impact flash during MPW was monitored and evaluated using phototransistors in order to measure the time of the impact. The results are in good accordance with the established PDV (photon Doppler velocimetry) and show a good repeatability. Furthermore, the collision front velocity was investigated using adapted part geometries within a series of tests. This velocity component is one of the key parameters in MPW; its value decreases along the weld zone. With the help of this newly introduced measurement tool, the magnetic pressure distribution or the joining geometry can be adjusted more effectively.
文摘With science and technology development,vibration testing as the most important item in reliability test is becoming more and more important,at the same time,vibrate condition becoming more and more complicated,the phenomenon increases that the output of controller goes beyond controlling range so that destroy the specimen. In this paper,some skills such as how to set the parameters of force controller,where to place the sensor,which material to be chosen and which skills to be used while making jigs were introduced to avoid the just matter. At last,some examples were given to prove the validity of the method proposed.
文摘In order to understand IT teaching conditions and living environment in the less developed areas of rural primary and secondary school, the paper uses questionnaire survey equipment to investigate education of some rural underdeveloped areas of information technology in primary and secondary school in Jiangxi. And it has analyzed 2011-2013 investment and construction of the status quo in education funding for information technology equipment. The results show: Less Developed Areas in primary and secondary school education information and technology education equipment cannot meet the needs of the development of education with lack of funding support, poor school environment and information technology teaching conditions. And this phenomenon has been analyzed, and effective measures are to improve primary and secondary school education in underdeveloped areas of information technology conditions and educational level.
基金Project supported by the Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project(No.LGF20H010006),China。
文摘Objective:Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP)requires pneumoperitoneum(Pnp)and a steep head-down position that may disturb respiratory system compliance(Crs)during surgery.Our aim was to compare the effects of different degrees of neuromuscular block(NMB)on Crs with the same Pnp pressure during RARP.Methods:One hundred patients who underwent RARP were enrolled and randomly allocated to a deep or moderate NMB group with 50 patients in each group.Rocuronium was administered to both groups:in the moderate NMB group to maintain 1–2 responses to train-of-four(TOF)stimulation;and in the deep NMB group to maintain no response to TOF stimulation and 1–2 responses in the post-tetanic count.Pnp pressure in both groups was 10 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=133.3 Pa).Peak inspiratory pressure(Ppeak),mean pressure(Pmean),Crs,and airway resistance(Raw)were recorded after anesthesia induction and at 0,30,60,and 90 min of Pnp and post-Pnp.Surgical space conditions were evaluated after the procedure on a 4-point scale.Results:Immediately after the Pnp,Ppeak,Pmean,and Raw significantly increased,while Crs decreased and persisted during Pnp in both groups.The results did not significantly differ between the two groups at any of the time points.There was no difference in surgical space conditions between groups.Body movements occurred in 14 cases in the moderate NMB group and in one case in the deep NMB group,and all occurred during obturator lymphadenectomy.A significant difference between the two groups was observed.Conclusions:Under the same Pnp pressure in RARP,deep and moderate NMBs resulted in similar changes in Crs,and in other respiratory mechanics and surgical space conditions.However,deep NMB significantly reduced body movements during surgery.