The purpose of research study was to develop a theoretical relativistic framework for research in open and flexible learning environment because it is a new dimension in the field of education. Developing a theoretica...The purpose of research study was to develop a theoretical relativistic framework for research in open and flexible learning environment because it is a new dimension in the field of education. Developing a theoretical relativistic framework for any research study is first and prime step in walking on the track to reach the distinction set by the researcher. Open and flexible learning is a new trend in education, enriched with ICT-use as a basic demand of the 21st century generation in all parts of the globe. So, it requires a theoretical framework for its initiation, implementation, development and evaluation which is relatively developed and advanced from the existing framework. In any research study the literature review is carried out in order to develop, build or construct a theoretical framework. The researcher of the study has observed while attending the international conference on ODL （AAOU, 2013） that most of the studies require theoretical underpinning for ICT-use in education. The researcher assume that being a new trend in education to use ICT for teaching learning purpose; it requires conceptual clarity and theoretical background of the user and researcher, because, without theory the practice is wastage of money, time and energy and it becomes ineffective and requires relatively new conceptual development. So, the problem stated by the researcher for the study was： Developing theoretical relativistic framework for research in open and flexible learning： A new trend in educational research. The objective of the study was integrating the interrelated concepts to build a pnemonological network for identifying the constructs in ICT-rich open and flexible learning environment. The study was significant because it provided theoretical background for conducting research in ICT-use for teaching and learning through open and flexible systems; whether blended or online learning and training. The methodology used by the researcher was qualitative and interpretive because there were reviewing of literature and meta-analysis for building the framework. The data were analyzed and interpreted by the researcher for the findings and drawing conclusions. On the basis of conclusions the researcher has made suggestions and recommendations for conducting research in open and flexible learning environment by using this theoretical relativistic framework. The framework was named as Virtual Learning Environment Framework （VLEF）.展开更多
Technological advances are taking a major role in every field of our life. Today, younger generation is more attached to technology, immerging it mostly for social purposes. Therefore, the importance of its existence ...Technological advances are taking a major role in every field of our life. Today, younger generation is more attached to technology, immerging it mostly for social purposes. Therefore, the importance of its existence cannot be ignored. For that, it is the time for every mentor to apply technology to education. Instructors from different majors need to realize that integrating technology into education is a powerful tool that helps them moderate their course, but never a replacement to their existence. This paper＇s interest is to deliver a personal experience to other instructors on how to correctly use technology for educational purposes. One way of clarifying this point is to shed light on a very common social application that is WhatsApp. It is a social application available on every smartphone that is usually used as a social medium among users from different generation. This paper used WhatsApp as an application that can associate technology with leaming and teachers＇ moderation and collaboration under one roof, and that is by applying Mobile learning. One main question to rise at this point is whether students are going to be collaborative or not with their teacher in applying technology into education. There will be an anticipated approach from this paper on both Mobile learning and WhatsApp, that is to reach an agreement that Mobile learning is essential and adds value to the educational material we have in hand. Great examples from my own data are going to be presented to encourage others to predict new ways that can be added to my effort and others as well. The result hoped for after this paper is to be able to answer any digital immigrants＇ questions and help them to be more confident with technology.展开更多
The present study aims to better understand the relationship between energy intensity and its determinants including energy price, technological progress, economic structure, and energy mix using the autoregressive di...The present study aims to better understand the relationship between energy intensity and its determinants including energy price, technological progress, economic structure, and energy mix using the autoregressive distributed lag(ARDL) bounds approach and vector error correction model technique. Based on China's time series over 1985-2014, the ARDL bounds approach yields empirical evidence that confirms the existence of long run relationship between energy price, technological progress, economic structure, energy mix, and energy intensity. The results show that technological progress is an important driver for the declining energy intensity in short and long run. Energy price has not been demonstrated as an important role in decreasing energy intensity in the short run. The high share of coal use in total energy use may be responsible for China's high energy intensity.However, the relative change in economic sectors plays a minor role in energy intensity reduction during the past years. In the long run, technological progress, energy mix and energy prices Granger cause energy intensity, but not vice versa except for the energy mix.展开更多
文摘The purpose of research study was to develop a theoretical relativistic framework for research in open and flexible learning environment because it is a new dimension in the field of education. Developing a theoretical relativistic framework for any research study is first and prime step in walking on the track to reach the distinction set by the researcher. Open and flexible learning is a new trend in education, enriched with ICT-use as a basic demand of the 21st century generation in all parts of the globe. So, it requires a theoretical framework for its initiation, implementation, development and evaluation which is relatively developed and advanced from the existing framework. In any research study the literature review is carried out in order to develop, build or construct a theoretical framework. The researcher of the study has observed while attending the international conference on ODL （AAOU, 2013） that most of the studies require theoretical underpinning for ICT-use in education. The researcher assume that being a new trend in education to use ICT for teaching learning purpose; it requires conceptual clarity and theoretical background of the user and researcher, because, without theory the practice is wastage of money, time and energy and it becomes ineffective and requires relatively new conceptual development. So, the problem stated by the researcher for the study was： Developing theoretical relativistic framework for research in open and flexible learning： A new trend in educational research. The objective of the study was integrating the interrelated concepts to build a pnemonological network for identifying the constructs in ICT-rich open and flexible learning environment. The study was significant because it provided theoretical background for conducting research in ICT-use for teaching and learning through open and flexible systems; whether blended or online learning and training. The methodology used by the researcher was qualitative and interpretive because there were reviewing of literature and meta-analysis for building the framework. The data were analyzed and interpreted by the researcher for the findings and drawing conclusions. On the basis of conclusions the researcher has made suggestions and recommendations for conducting research in open and flexible learning environment by using this theoretical relativistic framework. The framework was named as Virtual Learning Environment Framework （VLEF）.
文摘Technological advances are taking a major role in every field of our life. Today, younger generation is more attached to technology, immerging it mostly for social purposes. Therefore, the importance of its existence cannot be ignored. For that, it is the time for every mentor to apply technology to education. Instructors from different majors need to realize that integrating technology into education is a powerful tool that helps them moderate their course, but never a replacement to their existence. This paper＇s interest is to deliver a personal experience to other instructors on how to correctly use technology for educational purposes. One way of clarifying this point is to shed light on a very common social application that is WhatsApp. It is a social application available on every smartphone that is usually used as a social medium among users from different generation. This paper used WhatsApp as an application that can associate technology with leaming and teachers＇ moderation and collaboration under one roof, and that is by applying Mobile learning. One main question to rise at this point is whether students are going to be collaborative or not with their teacher in applying technology into education. There will be an anticipated approach from this paper on both Mobile learning and WhatsApp, that is to reach an agreement that Mobile learning is essential and adds value to the educational material we have in hand. Great examples from my own data are going to be presented to encourage others to predict new ways that can be added to my effort and others as well. The result hoped for after this paper is to be able to answer any digital immigrants＇ questions and help them to be more confident with technology.
文摘The present study aims to better understand the relationship between energy intensity and its determinants including energy price, technological progress, economic structure, and energy mix using the autoregressive distributed lag(ARDL) bounds approach and vector error correction model technique. Based on China's time series over 1985-2014, the ARDL bounds approach yields empirical evidence that confirms the existence of long run relationship between energy price, technological progress, economic structure, energy mix, and energy intensity. The results show that technological progress is an important driver for the declining energy intensity in short and long run. Energy price has not been demonstrated as an important role in decreasing energy intensity in the short run. The high share of coal use in total energy use may be responsible for China's high energy intensity.However, the relative change in economic sectors plays a minor role in energy intensity reduction during the past years. In the long run, technological progress, energy mix and energy prices Granger cause energy intensity, but not vice versa except for the energy mix.
