美国大学竞技体育商业化现状研究

美国大学竞技体育各种商业化手段主要都是围绕高水平橄榄球与男子篮球而进行的,因为这两大项目具备了高度商业化的基本条件。美国绝大部分大学竞技体育都不能通过商业化实现财务自给,学校拨款是其经费来源的主渠道。在美国大学竞技体育发展全局中,商业化融资与学校拨款分别具有助推剂和基础性的重要作用。

How selected primary schools in rural New Zealand manage their financial resources of limited government funding in order to effectively meet their schools objectives

This study evaluates the extent to which primary schools in a region of New Zealand are challenged by limited funds to enable the effective management and performance of their school. The study involved interviews with school principals and analysis of their schools＇ financial statements. The aim of this project is to gain a current understanding of the issues and challenges facing primary schools in a defined region （Waikato） to see whether the trends identified in national research studies, confirms the problem that schools are underfunded. The results of the current study identified the issues experienced by the Waikato schools and in most cases supported previous research findings. The findings of the current study also suggest that schools share the dilemmas associated with limited government funding and rely significantly on local funding sources to achieve their basic objectives. Although schools may be effective in the management of their school objectives, there is more government funding required to relieve the pressures and challenges.

英国中小学教育改革新动向英国《1993年教育法案》及其影响

1993年7月,英国国会经过长达260小时的激烈辩论,通过了包括308个条款的《1993年教育法案》(下文简称《法案》)。这部定于1994年开始正式实施的《法案》以《1988年教育改革法案》(以下简称《88法案》)为依托,集战后英国各种教育法案之大成,并以其内容之详尽、篇幅之宏伟而居英国所有教育法案之首。《法案》几乎涉及英格兰和威尔士中小学教育的方方面面,被视为未来25年英国教育发展的蓝图。本文拟对《法案》内容作概要性介绍,并辅一定分析,意在指出英国教育改革的新动向。

英国教师短缺状况明显改善

英国中小学教师短缺状况近年来一直较为严重,这在1990年表现得尤为突出。以英格兰地区为例,1990年公立及政府资助的幼儿园和小学教师的缺额数为3716人,中学教师的缺额为2778人。经过近两年各方面的努力,这一短缺状况已有明显改善。