从学理演变视域看20世纪俄罗斯语言学的发展阶段

20世纪可以毫不夸张地称为"语言学世纪"。百年中,俄罗斯几乎在语言学的各个领域都对世界语言学的发展做出了自己的贡献。至今国内外文献中仍鲜见对其发展阶段的研究,更难发现从学理演变视角对其进行必要的梳理。本文欲从"传统主义"、"马尔主义"、"后马尔主义"和"人类中心主义"等4个阶段来审视20世纪俄罗斯语言学的学理发展文脉,以展示其学术成果所具有的独特价值。

Effect of cold rolling deformation on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of spray formed Al−Zn−Mg−Cu−Cr alloys

The impact of cold rolling deformation,which was introduced after solid solution and before aging treatment,on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the as-extruded spray formed Al−9.8Zn−2.3Mg−1.73Cu−0.13Cr(wt.%)alloy,was investigated.SEM,TEM,and EBSD were used to analyze the microstructures,and tensile tests were conducted to assess mechanical properties.The results indicate that the D1-T6 sample,subjected to 25%cold rolling deformation,exhibits finer grains(3.35μm)compared to the D0-T6 sample(grain size of 4.23μm)without cold rolling.Cold rolling refines the grains that grow in solution treatment.Due to the combined effects of finer and more dispersed precipitates,higher dislocation density and smaller grains,the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the D1-T6 sample can reach 663 and 737 MPa,respectively.In comparison to the as-extruded and D0-T6 samples,the yield strength of the D1-T6 sample increases by 415 and 92 MPa,respectively.

Effect of post-weld heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy

6061 aluminum alloy T-joints were welded by double-pulsed MIG welding process. Then, the post-weld heat treatment was performed on the welded T-joints. The weld microstructure under different aging temperature and time was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were examined by hardness test and tensile test. The results showed that the micro-hardness was sensitive to heat treatment temperature and time. Increasing temperature was beneficial to the shortening of peak aging time. There were a large number of dislocations and few precipitates in the welded joints. With the increase of post-weld heat treatment temperature and time, the density of dislocation decreased. Meanwhile, the strengthening phase precipitated and grew up gradually. When the post-weld heat treatment temperature increased up to 200℃, large Q' phases were observed. And they were responsible for the peak value of the micro-hardness in the welded joints.

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of forgedβ-solidifiedγ-TiAl alloy by different heat treatments

The microstructural evolution and tensile properties of a forged Ti−42Al−5Mn alloy subjected to different heat treatments were studied.The results showed that,when the forged alloy was aged at 800℃ for 24 h,the interlamellar spacing(λ)andγgrain size at colony boundaries are generally coarsened.Whereas,when the alloy was first annealed at 1300℃ and then aged at 800℃ for 24 h,this coarsening of related microstructures appears less pronounced.The suggested annealing temperatures for the forged Ti−42Al−5Mn alloy are in the range of 1250−1300℃.It was found that,on the condition of the same annealing system,both the strength and ductility were improved as the aging temperature changed from 1000 to 800℃.The secondary precipitatedβo(β_(o,sec))at colony boundaries could be responsible for improving the strength,and theγphase at colony boundaries with the grain size about 6μm might be one of the main reasons for the better ductility.

Simulation on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Mg-Y alloys: Effect of trace Y

The influence of trace Y on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Mg_(100−x)Y_(x)(x=0.25,_(0.75),1.5,3,4,5,at.%)alloys during solidification process was investigated via molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The results show that the Mg_(100−x)Y_(x) alloys are mainly characterized by a face-centered cubic(FCC)crystal structure;this is different from pure metal Mg,which exhibits a hexagonal close packed(HCP)structure at room temperature.Among these alloys,Mg_(99.25)Y_(0.75) has a larger proportion of FCC cluster structures,with the highest fraction reaching 56.65%.As the content of the Y increases up to 5 at.%(Mg95Y5 alloy),the amount of amorphous structures increases.The mechanical properties of the Mg_(100−x)Y_(x) alloys are closely related to their microstructures.The Mg_(99.25)Y_(0.75) and Mg_(97)Y_(3) alloys exhibit the highest yield strengths of 1.86 and 1.90 GPa,respectively.The deformation mechanism of the Mg−Y alloys is described at the atomic level,and it is found that a difference in the FCC proportion caused by different Y contents leads to distinct deformation mechanisms.

Quantitative analysis on microstructure and high temperature fracture mechanism of 2.6vol%TiBw/Ti6Al4V composites with equiaxed microstructure after heat treatment

In this paper,the 2.6 vol%TiBw/Ti6Al4V composites with network architecture were fabricated by hot press sintering(HPS)at 1100℃ for 1 h,and the quantitative relationships between phases and heat treatment temperatures were established.The results showed that the volume fraction phases changed linearly with a range of solution temperature(930-1010℃)and aging temperature(400-600℃).Moreover,the composites with equiaxed microstructure were obtained due to the static recrystallization after solution treated at 950℃ for 1 h and aging treated at 600℃ for 12 h.The ultimate high temperature tensile strengths were 772,658,392 and 182 MPa,and the elongations were 9.1%,12.5%,28.6%and 35.3%at 400,500,600 and 700℃,respectively.In addition,fractured morphology analysis indicated the excellent strengthening effect of TiBw at a temperature below 600℃.However,the strengthening effect was significantly reduced due to the debonding of matrix and TiBw at 700℃ and caused the cracks to propagate along the grain boundary.

Natural Science and the Evolution of Categorial Discourse

In the second half of the last century the problem of categories became less and less prominent in philosophical debates. This twilight of categorial discourse did not go unnoticed, and some authors offered different solutions for the revival of categorial theorizing in contemporary philosophy＇s repertoire. One of these authors is the American philosopher Stephen Pepper. The purpose of the present discussion is to offer yet another explanation for the decline of categorial theory, and to explore Pepper＇s view and its role in the transformation of categorial discourse. The main thesis which I will argue for is that traditional categories did not disappear altogether, but they have been replaced, gradually, by key empirical concepts from natural science. Even if such concepts do not satisfy the traditional requirements categories in shaping our for a categorial scheme, they are, nonetheless, fulfilling the same role as traditional worldviews.

Experience, Culture, Science, and Reasoned Knowledge Produce the Philosophy of Natural Foresight, with Professor Paul Ricoeur＇s Generous Heritage

Presentation of ＂development of methods of foresight＂ while presenting texts of examples and concrete results： （1） Christianity （appropriately） will not now disappear overnight since it has been around for more than 2017 years! Its built-up ＂Ways＂ are precedents and subsequents to Western models of existence, chosen, among multiple alternatives, by predecessors whose influence, is shared, today and tomorrow! （2） Use of sustained faith and search for peace for continuous steady and slow evolution （in spite of difficulties） toward the inevitable future--initial belief in Christianity presenting the least worst of existing conditions for human freedom and movement. （3） Let the unwilling remain in the last wagon of the moving train from where they will （without a doubt） regret not moving onwards, but yet happily benefit from progress （such are ＂trust-busters,＂ leaving the initiatives to the ＂clearsighted＂ actors of progress）. Note that Time moves on nonetheless. （4） Use of the past （genealogy, track record, and estimation of dates of future evolutions） for its recorded evolutions in time as ＂launching parameters＂ （ex. curves...） and for projected advancements in open-ended time, using of historical proofs with world-wide testimony, witness and belie! This would help not only in ＂down-to-earth＂ reasoning but also in ＂above and beyond＂ anticipation, further down Time＇s road! Use date and timing references of the past--further historical example and proofs to be extended to the society＇s extension in the Western World and as a founding basis from which extension throughout the World could be justified （ex. starting with Europe, and without unique or limiting dogmatism）. （5） Use of cordiality and diplomacy to ease difficulties of understanding, in spite of hesitation to proceed--＂humiliations＂ of conditions （if necessary）--as the leading ＂team＂ has an agreed objective, and these ＂volonteer followers,＂ so they would be, are trapped strangled by their own leashes. （6） Opening one＇s generous arms （even if politically motivated） to fraternal and willing brethren, for endulging welcoming attitudes toward the others. This would prepare the road for others in their own progress （toward their progressive） destiny. （7） Open-up multi-culturalism as opposed to the quest for mono-cultural sovereignty! Europe would then evermore be consolidated! （8） Indeed nothing looks like an individual more than another individual! Especially, in need! And it is in needs that appears the essence of humankind!

Morphological Evolution of a Void under Thermal and Mechanical Loads

A model for the morphological evolution of a void under thermal and mechanical loads is established, and the thermodynamics potential of the model is given based on energy principle. Thus, the path and the bifurcation condition of the morphological evolution of the void are described, which gives some insight into the reliability of the interconnect under combined thermal and mechanical loads.