西方马克思主义历史观学理特质探析

西方马克思主义虽然没有专门的历史观理论体系,却不乏历史本体论、历史方法论、历史价值论、历史认识论的真知灼见。西方马克思主义的历史观,具有研究基点的多元性、研究视域的微观性、研究指向的学院性、研究路径的文化哲学性等学理特质。西方马克思主义历史观学理特质的成因,在于其所处的理论环境和面对的社会现实问题。

Heterogeneity of Physico-Chemical Properties in Structured Soils and Its Consequences

Structured soils are characterized by the presence of inter- and intra-aggregate pore systems and aggregates, which show varying chemical, physical, and biological properties depending on the aggregate type and land use system. How far these aspects also affect the ion exchange processes and to what extent the interaction between the carbon distribution and kind of organic substances affect the internal soil strength as well as hydraulic properties like wettability are still under discussion. Thus, the objective of this research was to clarify the effect of soil aggregation on physical and chemical properties of structured soils at two scales: homogenized material and single aggregates. Data obtained by sequentially peeling off soil aggregates layers revealed gradients in the chemical composition from the aggregate surface to the aggregate core. In aggregates from long term untreated forest soils we found lower amounts of carbon in the external layer, while in arable soils the differentiation was not pronounced. However, soil aggregates originating from these sites exhibited a higher concentration of microbial activity in the outer aggregate layer and declined towards the interior. Furthermore, soil depth and the vegetation type affected the wettability. Aggregate strength depended on water suction and differences in tillage treatments.

Leptin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression in colorectal adenoma

AIM： To investigate the expressions of leptin and per- oxisome proliferator-activated receptor y （PPARG） in relation to body mass index （BMI）. METHODS： We evaluated leptin and PPARG expres- sion in 30 adenomas over 1 cm in size by immunohisto- chemical staining. In addition, clinicopathologic features including BMI were assessed. RESULTS： PPARG and leptin expression showed a strong positive correlation （P = 0.035）. The average BMI of the leptin-positive group was higher than that of the leptin-negative group （25.4 ＋ 3.4 kg/m2 vs 22.6 ＋ 2.4 kg/m2, P = 0.018）, and leptin expression was sig- nificantly correlated with high BMI （P = 0.024）. Leptinexpression was more frequently observed in intermedi- ate/high grade dysplasia than in low grade dysplasia （P = 0.030）. However, PPARG expression was not cor- related with BMI and grade of dysplasia. CONCLUSION： BMI has influenced on the leptin ex- pression of colorectal adenoma. The exact mechanism underlies the strong correlation between leptin and PPARG expression needs further study.

Study on Properties of Jute Fibres Spun on Ring Spinning System

Jute fibre properties,viz. linear density,mechanical properties,and fibre staple length were analyzed in this paper. Morphology,lignin content,and composition analysis for jute fibres were investigated in order to give further understanding of the fibre properties changing during the chemical treatment and yarn producing processes. The results show that jute properties are greatly changed during the processes of chemical treatment,breaking carding,and finisher carding,whereas slight changes can be found in the processes of drawing,roving,and spinning.

Study of Brazilian Woods Using Gamma-Ray Sources

Due to the availability and particular features, wood was one of the first materials used by mankind with a wide variety of applications. It can be used as raw-material for paper and cellulose manufacturing; in industries such as chemical, naval, furniture, sports goods, toys, and musical instruments; in building construction and in the distribution of electric energy. Wood has been widely researched; therefore, wood researchers know that several aspects such as temperature, latitude, longitude, altitude, sunlight, soil, and rainfall index interfere as to the growth of trees. This behavior explains why the average of physical chemical properties is important in wood study.Most of the researchers consider density to be the most important wood property because of its straight relationship with the physical and mechanical properties in wood. There are three types of wood density： basic, apparent and green. The apparent density was used here at 12% of moisture content. In this study, four different types of wood were used： ＂Freijo＂, ＂Jequitiba＂, ＂Muiracatiara＂ and ＂Ipe＂. For wood density determination by non-conventional method, ^241Am, ^133Ba and ^137Cs gamma-ray sources, a NaI scintillation detector and a counter were used. The results demonstrated that this technique is quick and accurate. Considering the nuclear parameters obtained as half-value layers and linear absorption coefficients,^ 137Cs demonstrated to be the best option to be used for inspection of the physical integrity of electric wooden poles and live trees for future works.

Discussion on incentives of Physical Education Teaching Methods

The use of literature, logical reasoning and other research methods are used in this thesis, classification and analysis of the definition of incentive methods, motivation methods are also stated in this paper, and this article also combine with students＇ psychological characteristics, different teaching content, teaching methods together, discussed how to stimulate students＇ interest in sports and mobilize students＇ enthusiasm, initiative by motivation methods in the sports teaching, thus promoting teaching effectiveness, improve teaching quality, provide some theoretical reference for improving the quality of teaching physical education. The results showed that： we have already made some researches in the stimulation methods in teaching sports, but few are studied combining with the psychological characteristics of students

Coastal afforestation effects on soil properties at Hatiya in Bangladesh

An exploratory study was conducted in the coastal plantation (12-and 17-year-old Sonneratia apetala) of Char Alim and Char Piya and on their adjacent barren lands at Char Rehania and Char Nurul Islam in Hatiya of Noakhali district, in Bangladesh to determine afforestation effects on soil properties. At soil depths of 0-10, 10-30 and 30-40 cm across three different land strips viz. inland, middle and sea side in 12-and 17-year-old keora (Sonneratia apetala) plantations, soil moisture, particle density, organic matter and C, total N, pH, available P, K, Na, Ca and Mg were significantly (p≤0.05, p≤0.01, p≤0.001) higher, and soil salinity significantly (p≤0.001) lower than that in their adjacent barren lands. Soil moisture, particle density, organic matter and C, total N, pH, soil salinity, available P, K, Na, Ca and Mg of surface soil in Char Alim plantation at inland were 31.09%, 2.24 g·cm-3, 2.41%, 4.14%, 0.58%, 7.07, 0.09 dS·cm-1, 28.06 mg·L-1, 0.50 mg·L-1 11.5 mg·L-1, 3.30 mg·L-1 and 2.7 mmol·kg-1, respectively. Their corresponding values for the same depth and land position at adjacent Char Rehania barren land were 16.69%, 1.25g·cm-3, 0.43%, 0.74%, 0.25%, 6.57, 0.13 dS·cm-1, 13.07mg·L-1, 0.30 mg·L-1, 1.4 mg·L-1, 0.30 mmol·kg-1 and 0.50 mg·L-1, respectively. Soil moisture, particle density, organic matter and C, total N, pH, available P, K and Ca decreased, and soil salinity, available Na and Mg increased from inland towards sea side in the plantations. Although soil texture did not differ in most soil depths between plantation and adjacent barren land, proportion of sand particle was significantly (p≤0.01) lower and silt particle significantly (p≤0.001) in the plantations higher than that in their adjacent barren lands. In the study, evaluation of all the parameters was also done for the other pair of lands.