宋初昆体诗人学白及其诗歌考论

白体、昆体与晚唐体并称宋初"三体"。白体追求平易流畅,昆体追求典丽富赡,它们审美趣味各异,先后兴盛于宋初诗坛。但宋代诗人都有白体的底子,尤以昆体与白体关系密切。不少昆体诗人带有明显的白体风格,可以说是前期学白而中途似昆的,其主要代表有李宗谔、晁迥、张咏、丁谓等人,他们是宋初阶段学白诗人的代表。对他们诗作中的白体风格进行勾勒,有助于丰富学界对宋初白体诗人及其诗作的认识。

试论宋初阶段学白诗人田锡的诗学观

宋初直臣田锡的古文与辞赋创作已得到学界普遍关注,而其诗歌研究一直处于相对寂寞的境地。田锡是宋初阶段学白诗人的代表,他有自己一套独特的诗学主张:在诗歌内容与功能上,他主张反映现实,服务政治与表达情性相结合;在诗歌审美上,他崇尚雅正与艳丽并美;在诗歌风格上,强调绚丽多姿与不拘一格并举;在创作手法上,师法自然与转益多师并重;在诗歌语言上,平易流畅与含蓄精健齐芳;在诗歌体裁上,古体与近体不分轩轾,如此等等。这些主张表现出较高的理论价值与开阔的文学胸襟。同时,田锡诗歌创作基本实践这些诗学主张。他部分纠正了宋初白体诗内容单一追求闲适、语言追求通俗浅易、风格偏向平易流畅的倾向,并成为宋初阶段学白诗人的杰出代表,其诗歌主张与创作实践丰富了学界对宋初白体诗歌内涵的体认。

Plant F-Box Protein and Its Biological Function

F-box protein is an expanding family member of eukaryotic protein characterized by an F-box motif which has specificity of substrate recognition in the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis.These proteins have been proved to be critical for many physiological processes,such as cell-cycle transition,signal transduction,gene transcription,male sterility,programmed cell death （PCD） and so on.This paper mainly introduces the biological functions of the known F-box proteins and the analysis of F-box gene phylogeny.

Isolating and Screening of Effective Decomposing Strain of Silkworm Chrysalis Protein and Study on Parts of Its Enzymatic Properties

[Objective] The research aimed to obtain an effectively-decomposing strain of silkworm chrysalis protein and discuss its enzymatic properties.[Method] The effectively-decomposing bacteria of protein was isolated from the decayed silkworm chrysalis by using dilution plate and its enzymatic properties were tested after primary screening and second screening.The enzyme activity was determined and the intermediate and small molecule protein content in silkworm chrysalis was measured after solid-state fermentati...

Reproduction and biological characteristic of Chouioia cunea

Chouioia cunea Yang is a natural enemy for many kinds of crop and forest pests, particularly for Hyphantria cunea Drary, which is an international quarantine pest. The experiment of rearing Chouioia cunea with Tussah (Silkworm) pupa were carried out by 搕hree-cut method?and inoculating method. The results showed that three-cut method is effective way for breed-ing Chouioia cunea, with a parasitical rate of 95%. The biological characteristics and the life cycle of Chouioia cunea were ob-served and described and more hosts of Chouioia cunea were found. 揟hree-cut method?as a new technique of rearing Chouioia cunea has been put into practice.

Full-length cDNA Cloning and Tissues Expression Analysis of Ferritin Gene from Acipenser sinensis

According to the conserved sequence of the ferritin gene, a homologous sequence was obtained from the EST database through a BLAST search against the GenBank database. This sequence was amplified with the method of RT-PCR, false sequencing was corrected, and full length eDNA of the ferritin subunit from the Chinese sturgeon was obtained. After being submitted to the GenBank database, the sequence accession number EU348782 was assigned. With the length of 896 bp, this eDNA includes entire coding regions of 53 lbp, which encodes 176 amino acids （aa）. The molecular weight was predicted to be 20339.9Mr and the theoretical isoelectric point 5.66. It shares 82.9% protein sequence homology with the ferritin of the Atlantic salmon. This gene is expressed in many organs of the Chinese sturgeon, for example, the liver, pancreas, muscle, brain, heart and gastric mucosa. The highest expression level was found in the pancreas and the heart, while the muscular tissue showed the lowest. Homology modeling was used to predict the 3-D structure of the protein, which included 5 alpha helices and 10 turns. The ferritin protein structure could be overlapped and showed high similarity with that of human, flog and bacteria. It was revealed that this kind of ferritin was highly conserved in structure and function.

Research Progress on Germplasm Resources of Common Bean

The origin, classification, utilization and evaluation of germplasm resources, and breeding methods were introduced. The researches of biotic or/and abiotic stress, exploration of genomics and proteomics in common bean in recent years were reviewed in this paper, in order to provide theoretical reference for utilization and innovation of germplasm resources in common bean.

Kinetics of extracting magnesium from mixture of calcined magnesite and calcined dolomite by vacuum aluminothermic reduction

The vacuum aluminothermic reduction of the mixture of calcined magnesite and calcined dolomite was studied. An isothermal reduction method satisfying the vacuum aluminothermic reduction was proposed. The experiments were carried out at 4 Pa. The results indicate that the reduction rate is increased with increasing temperature, content of aluminum and pellet forming pressure. The XRD patterns of pellets at different reduction stages confirm that the reduction process can be roughly classified into three stages：the formation of MgAl2O4, and Ca12Al14O33 phases;the phase transformation from MgAl2O4 and C12A7 to CaAl2O4;the formation of CaAl4O7 phase. The experimental data were divided into three parts according to the kinetic models. The apparent activation energies of the three parts were determined to be 98.2, 133.0 and 223.3 kJ/mol, respectively.

The Expression of RECK mRNA and Protein in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Clinical Significance

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of RECK mRNA and protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） and to examine its relationship with the clinicopathologic features. METHODS The expression of RECK mRNA and protein in 62 cases of ESCC, 31 of paraneoplastic atypical hyperplasia （PAH） and 62 normal esophageal mucous membrane specimens was examined, using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS During canceration of the ESCC, the mRNA of RECK increased sequentially from ESCC tissue to PAH and normal mucous membranes. Values were 1.052±0.078, 1.274±0.235 and 1.306±0.121, respectively, with a significant difference among different groups （F=49.936, P〈0.05）. There was a statistically significant difference in the relative amount of the RECK mRNA among the ESCC tissues at various levels of differentiation, depth of infiltration, and different types of lymph node metastasis （F=5.081, F=26.084, U=24.011, P〈0.05）. In the ESCC tissue and PAH, the positive rates of RECK protein expressions were lower compared to the normal mucosa tissue, i.e. 59.7% （37/62）, 71.0% （22/31） and 85.5% （53/62）, respectively. There was a significant difference among the inter-group comparisons （Х^2=10.331, P〈0.01）. In ESCC, there was a close correlation between the RECK protein expression and the degree of cancer differentiation, and the depth of invasion and the types of ESCC lymph node metastasis （P〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION The decrease in expression of both RECK mRNA and protein in ESCC suggest that these low expressions may relate to ESCC development. Examination of RECK mRNA and protein expression may develop into one of the molecular indices for early ESCC diagnosis and prognosis.

Review on the Studies about Rapeseed by Two-dimensional Gel Electrophrosis

As rapeseed is a major oil crop with high quality vegetable oil and feed protein in China and the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis （2-DE） is an efficient technique for investigating protein expression, this paper reviews the innovations in 2-DE and its application in the studies of rapeseed. We conclude that 2-DE has provided much valuable information on rapeseed, and it will do more for rapeseed proteomic research in the near future with the technology innovations.

A Dendroclimatic Study of Relic Picea meyeri in Inner Mongolian Steppe

Dendroclimatic methods were used to investigate the fundamental relationships between the temperature variables and the growth of climatically relic Picea meyeri Rehd. et Wils. on sandy land of Inner Mongolian grasslands in the Xilin River Basin. The annual mean temperature and accumulated temperature (above 5 ℃, 10 ℃) respectively showed no significant correlation with the spruce growth relative to summer mean temperature, which displayed strong coherence with tree growth ( P <0.01). The mean temperature in May showed significantly negative correlation with spruce growth ( P <0.05). Furthermore, it was revealed that the negative influence of May temperature was due to monthly mean maximum temperature ( T max ) ( P <0.01) other than monthly mean minimum temperature ( T min ) values ( P <0.1), which indicated that the use of T min and T max separately can allow much more insights on the temperate influence. In addition, extreme maximum temperature in May and June might impose the most detrimental influence on tree growth in semi_arid Inner Mongolian grassland. The analysis of the recorded meteorological data demonstrated that the increases in temperature were synchronous with slight decreases in precipitation in the growing season, which suggested that P. meyeri may reduce growth due to temperature_induced drought. On the other hand, the analysis for decadal periods explored that trees appeared to reduce the sensitivity to the warming, and consequently increased sensitivity to rainfall. This may serve as a baseline for more accurate predictions of the potential impacts of altered climate regimes on tree growth.

Expression of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus ORF7 Gene and Purification and Immunological Activity Analysis of the Recombinant Protein

[Objective] The aim of this study was to realize efficient expression of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （PRRSV） ORF7 gene in genetic engineering bacteria and analYze the immunological activity of the recombinant protein after purification. [ Method] The constructed recombinant expression vector pET-ORF7 was transformed into Escherichia co1BL21 （DE3） and induced by IPTG under the optimal condition. After analysis of SDS-PAGE and Western Blot, the expression products were purified by Ni-NTA His · Bind Resin chrom- atographic column under denaturing condition and renatured by gradient dialysis. Subsequently, the immunological activity of the renatured recombinant protein was detected by Westem Blot and indirect ELISA. [ Result] The recombinant plasmid pET-ORF7 expressed in E. coli successfully, and the fusion protein was in the form of inclusion body. By SDS-PAGE detection, the molecular weight of the expression protein was approximate 33 kD, according with the expectation. Analysis by Bandscan software showed that the expressed fusion protein was about 50% of total bacterial protein of BL21 （DE3）. Wastem Blot and indirect ELISA detection showed that the renatured protein could react with PRRSV positive serum specifically, indicating its good immunological activity. [ Conclusion] This study lays a foundation for the preparation of PRRSV monoclonal antibody and diagnostic kit.

Density Functional Theory Calculations of Charge-Induced Spin Polarization in Pentacene

Based on density functional theory （DFT） calculations, we investigate the spin-related properties of spinless-hole injected organic molecule pentacene （Pc）. DFT calculations reveal that there is spontaneous spin polarization in Pc when spinless-hole is injected. The chargeinduced magnetic moment of Pc increases linearly with the increasing of the extra hole charge amount and its maximum can be up to 1 μB per injected spinless-hole per Pc molecule. The magnetic moment is expected due to the injected unpaired charge. The injected hole will preferably ll the spin-splitted carbon pz orbitals, which makes the Pc molecule spin polarize.

A Mutant of PlxyCSP1 Protein in Plutella xylostella

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effects of cysteine （Cys58） on the characteristics of PlxyCSP1 in P. Iostella combined with pesticide compounds. [Method] Cys58 of PlxyCSP1 was mutated into Trp58 by using overlap extension PCR method, and PlxyCSP1-M2 mutant was obtained. Expression vector was con- structed and the protein was detected by western blot. [Result] Expression vector pET32a-PlxyCSP1-M2 was constructed to express the 35kDa weight protein. [Conclusion] PlxyCSP1 mutant protein has been expressed successfully in prokaryotic ex- pression system.

Bioinformatics Analysis on α Subunit Gene of Phycobiliprotein from Spirulina maxima

[Objective]The α subunit gene of phycobiliprotein from Spirulina maxima was studied in order to provide a basis for the subsequent study of phycobiliprotein.[Method] Amino acids composition,signal peptides,hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity and trails-membrane topological structure of α subunit gene of phycobiliprotein from Spirulina maxima which registered in GenBank（GenBank AF441177） were analyzed and predicted by the tools of bioinformatic analysis.Meanwhile,phylogenetic tree was constructed based on α subunit gene of phycobiliprotein from Spirulina maxima,and its molecular evolution was also analyzed.[Result]The phycobiliprotein was rich in amino acids,which not only contained 18 kinds of essential amino acids,but also contained some non-essential amino acids like glycine,aspartic acid,etc.;Analysis on signal peptides and trails-membrane topological structure showed that the phycobiliprotein belonged to intracellular protein;Analysis on hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity showed that the phycobiliprotein belonged to hydrophilic protein;Phylogenetic analysis showed that the phycobiliprotein had a high homology with Arthrospira,which reached 99%-100%.[Conclusion]The study provided a certain reference for studying the relationship and interaction between α subunit and β subunit.

Phylogenetic Relationship of an Extremely Endangered Species, Pinus squamata (Pinaceae) Inferred from Four Sequences of the Chloroplast Genome and ITS of the Nuclear Ribosomal DNA

Pinus squamata X. W. Li, a recently-described species of the Pinaceae, is an extremely endangered pine with only 32 individuals in the wild. This species was thought to be intermediate between P. bungeana Zuec. ex Endl. of subgen. Strobus and P. yunnanensis Franch. of subgen. Pinus by the original author. We made an effort to address the question of the phylogenetic relationship of this peculiar and important species in the context of the major groups of the genus Pinus by using sequences of the rbcL, matK,genes, rpl20-rps18 spacer, trnV intron of the chloroplast genome and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region. The results of the separated analysis and the combined analysis of the four cpDNA sequences and ITS sequence indicated that P. squamata was a stable member of subsect. Gerardianae and P. gerardiana Wall. was the closest species of P. squamata phylogenetically. As a result, the causes of the distribution pattern of subsect. Gerardianae were also discussed.

Expression of Survivin in HL-60 Cells Treated with Chemotherapeutic Drugs

Objective： To explore the relationship between survivin and drug resistance, and the changes of the survivin expression in HL-60 cells treated with three kinds of chemotherapeutic drugs. Methods： HL- 60 cells were treated with appropriate concentration of daunomycin （DNR）, mitoxantrone （MIT） or arsenic trioxide （As2O3）. The expression of survivin mRNA and protein on the first or third day was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Results： The expression of survivin mRNA was decreased on the first day by 10% in DNR-treated group, 40% in MIT-treated group （P〈0.01） and 25% in As2O3-treated group （P〈0.01） respectively. On the third day, the expression of survivin mRNA in DNR- and MIT-treated group was up-regulated to 120% （P〈0.05） and 165% （P〈0.01） respectively as compared with that on the first day, but down-regulated to 68% in As2O3-treated group （P〈0.01）. As compared with control group, the expression of survivin protein in DNR- or MIT-treated group was increased by 14% or 11% on the third day respectively, but it was decreased by 18% in As2O3-treated group. Conclusion： In DNR- and MIT-treated group, the expression of surivin was decreased at first and then increased obviously, which may be one of the causes for resistance to chemotherapy against leukemia. Different from other two drugs, As2O3 may play an important role in restoring chemotherapy sensitivity.

Pharmacokinetics of Ivermectin in Salvelinus leucomaenis Following Two Ways of Administration

[Objective] This study was aimed to study the pharmacokinetics of iver- mectin in Salvelinus leucomaenis following a single oral administration or intraperi- toneal injection. [Method] After a single oral administration or intraperitoneal injection of ivermectin with a dosage of 0.3 mg/kg body weight, samples were taken at dif- ferent time points and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultravi- olet detection （HPLC-UV）. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3p97 software. [Result] The concentration-time relations of ivermectin in plasma, muscle, liver and kidney were well described by one-department open model with first-order absorption. After oral administration, the pharmacokinetic parameters in plasma were as follows： Tmax=4.503 h, Cmax=0.252mg/L, t1/2ka=0.476 h, t1/2ka=331.160 h, AUC=121.524 （mg/L） .h. After intraperitoneal injection, the pharmacokinetic parameters in plasma were as follows： Tmax=2.751 h, Cmax=0.230 mg/L, t1/2ka=0.306 h, t1/2ka=153.868 h, AUC= 51.689 （mg/L） .h. [Conclusion] There were differences in the pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in Salvelinus leucomaenis between two different administration routes, and intraperitoneal injection led to more rapid absorption than oral administration.

Histological Study on the Ovary Development of Varicorhinus gerlachi

[Objective] The aim was to discuss the histological characteristics of ovary development of Varicorhinus gerlachi.[Method] The annual variation of ovary and oocyte development of Varicorhinus gerlachi were observed and studied by means of histological method.[Result] Ovary development of Varicorhinus gerlachi was divided into 6 stages,and oocyte development had 6 phases,namely oocytes were in original differentiation state in phase Ⅰ,and yolk nucleus could be found obviously in phase Ⅱ.Vacuoles appeared in oocyte in phase Ⅲ,while oocytes differentiated obviously in phase Ⅳ,with the amalgamation of some yolk granules.Eggs formed and oocytes degenerated in phase V and Ⅵ.The development of ovary belonged to non-synchronous and multiple spawning type.In addition,Varicorhinus gerlachi began to spawn in April,and peak period was from May to July.[Conclusion] The study could provide technical parameters for the artificial propagation of Varicorhinus gerlachi.

Photochemical Efficiency of PSⅡ and Membrane Lipid Peroxidation in Leaves of indica and japonica Rice (Oryza sativa) Under Chilling Temperature and Strong Light Stress Conditions

Relationships between fluorescence parameters and membrane lipid peroxidation in leaves of indica and japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) during later growth stage were studied under chilling temperature and strong light stress conditions. Results showed that D1 protein contents of PSⅡ in photosynthetic apparatus dropped, the generation of antheraxanthin (A) and zeaxanthin (Z) of xanthophyll cycle were inhibited partly, PSⅡ photochemical efficiency (F v/F m)and non-photochemical quenching (q N) were also decreased obviously. In addition, endogenous active oxygen scavenger—superoxide dismutase (SOD) reduced, superoxide anion radical (O -· 2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulated, as a result, photooxidation of leaves occurred under chilling temperature and strong light stress conditions. Obvious differences in the changes of the above mentioned physiological parameters between indica and japonica rice were observed. Experiments in leaves treated with inhibitors under chilling temperature and strong light conditions showed that indica rice was more sensitive to chilling temperature with strong light and subjected to photooxidation more than japonica rice. Notable positive correlation between D1 protein contents and F v/F m or (A+Z)/(A+Z+V), and a marked negative correlation between F v/F m and MDA contents were obtained by regression analysis in indica and japonica rice during chilling temperature and strong light conditions. According to the facts mentioned above, it was inferred that PSⅡ photochemical efficiency(F v/F m) was the key index to forecast for the prediction of photooxidation under stress circumstances and the physiological basis were the synthetic capacity of D1 protein and the protection of xanthophyll cycle.