关于城市规划教育体系建设的几点建议

我国城市规划教育已取得历史性的进步,但作为体系还远未成熟,应从7个方面加以完善:进一步完善规划学科大系;改革灌注式教学为注重调查、研究、决策、反馈的科学方法;补充和加强区域规划原理和知识;建立师生共同研究、平等讨论的教学体制;适应信息时代,加大教学改革与建设力度;利用高校智力资源,加强城市规划理论的学术研究;加强国际学术交流。

The spring prediction barrier in ENSO hindcast experiments using the FGOALS-g model

The Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model-gamil (FGOALS-g) was used to study the spring prediction barrier (SPB) in an ensemble system. This coupled model was developed and maintained at the State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG). There are two steps in our hindcast experiments. The first is to integrate the coupled model continuously with sea surface temperature (SST) nudging, from 1971 to 2006. The second is to carry out a series of one-year hindcasts without SST nudging, by adopting initial values from the first step on January 1 st , April 1st , July 1st , and October 1st , from 1982 to 2005. We generate 10 ensemble members for a particular start date (1st ) by choosing different atmospheric and land conditions around the hindcast start date (1st through 10th ). To estimate the predicted SST, two methods are used: (1) Anomaly Correlation Coefficient and its rate of decrease; and (2) Talagrand distribution and its standard deviation. Results show that FGOALS-g offers a reliable ensemble system with realistic initial atmospheric and oceanic conditions, and high anomaly correlation (>0.5) within 6 month lead time. Further, the ensemble approach is effective, in that the anomaly correlation of ensemble mean is much higher than that of most individual ensemble members. The SPB exists in the FGOALS-g ensemble system, as shown by anomaly correlation and equal likelihood. Nevertheless, the role of the ensemble mean in reducing the SPB of ENSO prediction is significant. The rate of decrease of the ensemble mean is smaller than the largest deviations by 0.04-0.14. At the same time, the ensemble system "equal likelihood" declines during spring. An ensemble mean helps give a correct prediction direction, departing from largely-deviated ensemble members.

The Emergence of Modern Physics Research in China:The Yenching Department of Physics and the Rockefeller Foundation

Based on archival materials discovered in America,Britain,and China,this paper carefully examines the history of the short-lived and completely overlooked Department of Physics in the Premedical School of Peking Union Medical College(PUMC),and uncovers this department’s extensive interconnections with its counterpart at Yenching University.This project also looks into the Master of Science(MS)program in the Department of Physics at Yenching University,which,founded in 1927,was the first graduate program in physics in China.It was this MS program that transformed the Yenching Department from a largely premedical training center serving the PUMC into a prominent cradle of Chinese physics research.This Yenching Department,despite its small faculty and brief existence,nurtured many eminent Chinese physicists,such as Chao-Ying Meng孟昭英,Wen-Yu Chang张文裕,Ming-Chen Wang王明贞,Chia-Liu Luke Yuan袁家骝,Cheng-Shu Wang(Chang)王承书,Ho-Fu Lu卢鹤绂,Ting-Sui Ke葛庭燧,Kun Huang黄昆,and Chia-Lin Hsieh谢家麟.It would have been impossible to achieve these outstanding accomplishments without the effective leadership and pioneering work of C.H.Corbett,P.A.Anderson,Y.M.Hsieh,and W.Band—the first four Department Chairs—in combination with relatively abundant private funding,mostly from America,and extensive educational connections with Western institutions.This paper not only introduces in detail these four department heads and their contributions,but also discloses the unique role played by the Rockefeller Foundation via the China Medical Board and the PUMC in the development of the Yenching Department of Physics.

Exploring the deep biosphere

Over the past two decades, scientific drilling into sediments and rocks in the ocean and the continent has revealed the presence of physiologically and phylogenetically complex microbial life in the deep subsurface. Microorganisms, most of which have no cultured or known relatives in the surface biosphere, have been discovered in sediments and rock at depth as deep as 1 km below the seafloor and more than 3 km deep in the continent. The deep biosphere probably represents the most voluminous part of the global biosphere and may constitute as much as 50% of the Earth’s biomass. In this article, we review the current knowledge of and most recent advances in studying the deep biosphere and suggest directions in future research.

Effect of slope inclination on step friction coefficient of human being

Effect of slope inclination on step friction coefficient of human being was studied by gait friction tester developed by Henan University of Science and Technology.It is beneficial to improving the safety of human beings while walking on a ramp.Based on the trajectory of mass center of body(MCOB)and the mechanical analysis of human body while walking,conclusion could be drawn that the required step frictional coefficient(RSFC)exhibited an"M"shaped curve during the foot contacting with the ground and got its maximum and minimum values when MCOB of the subject was at the highest and lowest position respectively.Moreover,the first peak of RSFC decreases firstly and then increases,while the second peak of RSFC increases with the increase of slope inclination at the experimental condition.The position of pivotal point is decided by the relative size of slope inclination and the angle between the plumb line through MCOB and the line from foot to MCOB.

OFS Research Over the Last 10 Years at CQU ＆ UESTC

This article reviews my new optical fiber sensing （OFS） research activities in China for the last ten years at Chongqing University and University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, since I returned from UK in 1999. The research progress in long period fiber gratings （LPFGs）, distributed fiber sensing systems and microfiber sensors is introduced. For LPFGs, the processing method with high-frequency CO2 laser pulses types of LPFGs fabricated and the related applications for both optical sensing and optical communication are described. For distributed fiber sensing systems, the fiber-optic polarization optical time domain reflectometer （POTDR）, fiber-optic phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer （φ-OTDR） and Brillouin optical time-domain analyzer （BOTDA） are developed, respectively. For microfiber sensors, we mainly focus on the knot resonator and its application for sensing of the refractive index and acceleration, etc.