学科学力:基于课程目标、内容与设计的自然生长——以苏教版小学数学五年级下册《简易方程》为例

小学数学课堂教学立足学生数学学科学力、多维核心素养的培养,基于课程内容、目标与设计的"三维"延伸映照,思考建构具有数学学习价值的课程学力模型,关注儿童立场,科学整合学科探究、内容理解、创新课程,实现多层次问题结构的自然演绎,让数学课程的自然生长力引领学生数学学习力,有效促进师生创生新课程,引导并实现小学数学教学结构的改革与创新。

Abbe Guinot： Teaching Logic during the 18th Century to Increase Scientific Abilities

In 1778, Abbe Guinot, a priest native of Lorraine and professor in the seminary of Toul, published in Nancy the two volumes of his philosophical lectures, whose subtitle is ＂On Logic.＂ This concerns a general philosophy of knowledge and a critic of philosophical systems. Guinot is interested in science and natural discoveries. He describes the organization of institutional science and appreciates the progress of sciences but he makes a distinction between scientific progress and philosophers＇ sophisms that he criticizes. In order to favor science and avoid philosophical errors, logic is essential in students＇ training. According to Guinot, logic allows us to extend our intellectual abilities, upliR our ideas, help our thought processes, and mature our reflection. However, this logic refers to the great book of nature written in mathematical language. Guinot thinks that scientific experiment is of the highest importance for accuracy of mind. This logic lecture is inspired by Aristotle but above all by Port-Royal Logic. It gives a place to Locke empiricism and it favors development of sciences. Abbe Guinot was a chaplain in the cathedral of Nancy; he emigrated in 1791. He came back in France during the Consulate and he died a few time later.

Fluid-structure interaction of panel in supersonic fluid passage

Fluid-structure interaction of panel in supersonic fluid passage is studied with subcycling and spline interpolation based predict-correct scheme. The passage is formed with two parallel panels, one is rigid and the other is flexible. The interaction between fluid flows and flexible panel is numerically studied, mainly focused on the effect of dynamic pressure and distance between two parallel panels. Subcycling and spline interpolation based predict-correct scheme is utilized to combine the vibration and fluid analysis and to stabilize long-term calculations to get accurate results. It’s demonstrated that the flutter characteristic of flexible panel is more complex with the increase of dynamic pressure and the decrease of distance between two parallel panels. Via analyzing the propagation and reflection of disturbance in passage, it’s determined as a main cause of the variations.

Assessment on a Hybrid Master of Science Program in Mathematics

A fully online MS program in mathematical science using hybrid synchronous instruction developed at the University of West Florida （UWF） has been successfully implemented since fall 2009. Distance students are taught simultaneously with on-campus students in the same classes. The assessment results show that the developed model is flexible, cost efficient and benefits both groups of students. It also showed that the distance students do as well as the face-to-face students when this model is used.

From Quanta to Qualia： How a Paradigm Shift Turns Into Science

Ever since the development of quantum mechanics in the first part of the 20th century, a new world view has emerged. Today, the physicalist objective assumption that objects exist independently of acts of observation has been challenged. The repercussions of this radical challenge to our common-sense perception of the world are far-reaching, although not yet generally realized. Here we argue that there is a complementary view to the way science which is being practiced, and that consciousness itself is primary and qualia form the foundation of experience. We outline the arguments of why the new science of qualia will tie objects that are being perceived to the subjective experience, through the units of subjective experience called qualia. If there is a reality that exists outside of perceptions in consciousness, it is indeed inconceivable. The reason is that once one subtracts everything that one can sense, imagine, feel, or think about, there＇s nothing left. Since qualia are subjective, they challenge the dominant world view of science as practiced today, which is reductionist, objective, and mathematical. Our view is a natural continuation of the quantum world view. We outline what the steps will have to be in order to fully develop the science of qualia.

Science of empirical design in mining ground control

Many problems in rock engineering are limited by our imperfect knowledge of the material properties and failure mechanics of rock masses. Mining problems are somewhat unique, however, in that plenty of real world experience is generally available and can be turned into valuable experimental data.Every pillar that is developed, or stope that is mined, represents a full-scale test of a rock mechanics design. By harvesting these data, and then using the appropriate statistical techniques to interpret them,mining engineers have developed powerful design techniques that are widely used around the world.Successful empirical methods are readily accepted because they are simple, transparent, practical, and firmly tethered to reality. The author has been intimately associated with empirical design for his entire career, but his previous publications have described the application of individual techniques to specific problems. The focus of this paper is the process used to develop a successful empirical method. A sixstage process is described: identification of the problem, and of the end users of the final product; development of a conceptual rock mechanics model, and identification of the key parameters in that model;identification of measures for each of the key parameters, and the development of new measures(such as rating scales) where necessary; data sources and data collection; statistical analysis; and packaging of the final product. Each of these stages has its own potential rewards and pitfalls, which will be illustrated by incidents from the author's own experience. The ultimate goal of this paper is to provide a new and deeper appreciation for empirical techniques, as well as some guidelines and opportunities for future developers.

The Application of Research Study in Higher Vocational Medical College Teaching

The research study is a new learning mode emerging in recent years, which can cultivate students＇ many aspects of ability. In the higher vocational colleges, obstetrics and gynecology department is a subject of strong theory and practice, which has a higher requirement for students＇ autonomous learning and ability to independently solve and analyze the problems. And it applies to the higher vocational obstetrics and gynecology subject teaching, which conforms to the refornl and development of clinical teaching in obstetrics and gynecology, and it is good for cultivating the medical talents suitable for social need with high quality and strong practice ability.

Strategic Scientific and Technological Capacity-Building in Clinical Medicine in China:Taking the Innovative Development of Reproductive Medicine at Peking University Third Hospital as an Example

Based on the macroanalysis of the unbalanced development of the"demand side"and the"supply side"of clinical medicine in China,this paper elucidates the stakeholders,resources,and ecosystem of the strategic scientific and technological capacity-building and calls for a larger coverage,smoother supply chain,and more sustainable ecosystem to ensure the development of clinical medicine.Furthermore,focusing on the establishment and development of clinical reproductive health in China,the authors introduce the strategic scientific and technological capacity-building of reproductive medicine in Peking University Third Hospital,with an attempt to inform similar efforts in other fields and even the whole clinical medicine in China.

The Compilation Principles of EST Teaching Materials

English for Science and Technology （EST）, as one branch of English for Special Purposes, has its own distinctive features and plays a significant role in today＇s English education. In language teaching, teaching materials play an important role. To a great extent, they determine the content and approaches of teaching and learning and affect the quality of language education. The author of this paper makes a tentative analysis of the compilation principles of EST teaching materials, from the perspective of students, scientific and technological discipline, and the English language, highlighting the content of teaching and the motivation of students. This paper proposes the Principles of Interest, Life-Long Development, Appropriateness, Systematization, Cognitive Scientificalness, Illumination, Integration of Abstract Knowledge and Specific Cases, Authenticity, Timeliness, and Comprehensive Improvement, so as to improve both subject competence and linguistic ability

How Do Physicists Create Time？

In the first part of this paper, different perspectives of time proposed in Aristotle＇s philosophy of nature, classic mechanics, thermodynamics, and the theory of relativity, will be presented. Later on, we explore the phenomenological approach of duration by Henri Bergson and Mauro Dorato＇s naturalistic proposal, which defines the ＂present＂ moment based on neuroscientific experiments. In the second part of the paper, the topic of scientific creativity is introduced, paying particular attention to David Bohm＇s ideas. Finally, the previously analysed perspectives are used to answer the following question： How do physicists create time？

Characterization of Stabilized Earth Blocks with Incorporation of Cement Expanded Polystyrene for Use in Buildings

This work focuses on the development of local building materials in Benin for their efficient use in buildings. It aims to make mud bricks lightened with good mechanical, thermal and sound properties and enhance the waste polystyrene. This article is the result of experimental work on a broad field of applied sciences： building mechanics. The study is focused on BTS （blocks of stabilized earth） chosen as reference materials to which we linked polystyrene. The percentage of polystyrene varies from 0% to 100% starting from a constant volume of each reference material. The results showed that the increase in polystyrene percentage lowers mechanical properties. These results also showed that the gradual addition of polystyrene to the laterite-cement mixture has a significant influence on the density and mechanical resistances of the final composite material.

Efficient synthesis of 1,6-hexamethylene diurethane through coupling transesterification and methoxycarbonylation with methyl phenyl carbonate as intermediate

A reaction coupling system of transesterification and methoxycarbonylation with methyl phenyl carbonate （MPC） as intermediate was established to efficiently prepare 1,6-hexamethylene diurethane （HDU） from 1,6- bexametbylene diamine （HDA）. The feasibility of the system was explored using the thermodynamics analysis, the reaction mechanism and the experiment results. The optimal reaction was carried out to get higher HDU yield. The thermodynamic analysis showed that the metboxycarbonylation of HDA with MPC, the Gibbs free energy of which was negative, was a spontaneous process. Furthermore, the equilibrium constant of the methoxycarbonylation of HDA with MPC was much greater than that of the transesterification of dimethyl carbonate （DMC） with phenol, so the reaction coupling could be realized under mild conditions. The reaction mechanism analysis indicated that phenoxy anion was the key spedes for reaction coupling. Higher MPC concentration was detected when sodium phenoxide was used as transesterification reactant with DMC, since the phenoxy anion of sodium phenoxide could be dissociated more easily. Sodium pbenoxide was more suitable to prepare HHDU through reaction coupling. A yield of HDU as high as 98.3% could be reached under the optimal conditions of mPhONa/mDMC = 0.027 and nDMC/nHDa = 8/1 at 90 ℃ in 2 h.

Igniting the Statistical Spark in the Social Sciences—Abilities, Student Feedback and Teacher Observations

A quasi-experimental design was used to measure file impacts on student attainment in statistics, mathematics and critical thinking （16-18 years of age） on an experimental group who received a 21 week long contextualised statistics course （called the Pilot Scheme in SA （social analytics））, in South Wales. This paper will discuss the changes in statistical abilities observed, student feedback from the course and also teacher observations, in relation to the Pilot Scheme in SA. Results suggest that the course did lead to increase in students＇ abilities, in comparison to two control groups. Whereas students in both control groups who did not receive the treatment, showed a decrease in their abilities with respect to mathematics and statistics. Student feedback suggests they could see the value of the course to their other studies and they also felt the statistics delivered was linked well with relevant examples. Results from an analysis of teacher observations support findings from the course evaluation of the Pilot Scheme in SA, which include an increase in student confidence with mathematics and statistics.

Long-term survival following heart transplantation is possible

Objective:To determine whether long-term survival(>10 years) after heart transplantation is possible and identify complications influencing long-term survival.Methods:We analyzed clinical outcomes in the group of 21 patients who had undergone heart transplantation at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University since 1992 and 4 of them survived more than 10 years.Results:Nine patients are still alive with normal left ventricular function,and 4 of them have survived more than 10 years.The longest survival patient has lived more than 18 years after transplantation,whose survival is the longest in China and in Asia.We have also found that there has been a high incidence of complications,such as rejection episodes during the first 6 months,and transplant vasculopathy in the long-term survival patients.Conclusion:Long-term survivors maintain normal hemodynamic function of their allografts,and long-term survival following cardiac transplantation is possible.Aggressive preventive and therapeutic measures are essential to limit the risk factors for development of complications such as rejection episodes and transplant vasculopathy,and enable long-term survival after cardiac transplantation.

The research of factors affecting employee turnover --taking Shanghai Red Express Co. for example

In recent years, staff turnover has become a common problem for each company. In this paper, taking Shanghai Red Express Co. for example, on the basis of famous Western scholars Price-Mueller （2000） model, anaiyzing the impact ofemployee turnover variable, such as salary and welfare is lower than expected, work pressure, lack of promotion opportunities, the company management confusion, etc, and then proposed targeted measures to reduce the rate of turnover and retain talent for the company, such as establishing scientific and reasonable salary system, improve the working environment, to establish a reasonable training system and career development path.

Study on Landslide Surge in Reservoir Area

Landslide surge is a fluid-solid coupling problem involving multidisciplinary intersections such as landslide dynamics, fluid mechanics and mechanics along the way, which has important research value. The construction of the reservoir will affect the natural geological conditions of the slope of the reservoir area, slope rock under the joint effect of the waves and the reservoir water level changes, which will cause the reservoir bank collapse and even landslides. The occurrence of landslide will cause some loss. In this paper, the types of landslide generation, disaster classification, research methods and existing problems are reviewed. It makes people understand the basic research ideas of landslide surge. Through the analysis and discussion of the different research methods of landslide surges, the shortcomings of these analytical methods are analyzed, which provide important basis for future research and indicate the future research methods and direction.

On How to Achieve the Scientific Transformation From College Integral English to Academic English

In order to meet the trend of China＇s rapid economic and social development and the internationalization of higher education, a new round of college English teaching reform is ready to start. Following the pilot reform by colleges and universities in Beijing, some colleges and universities in Shanghai will also initiate college English teaching reform program this fall. According to SCETFR （Shanghai College English Teaching Frame of Reference）, the core of the new round of reform is to replace the traditional integral or comprehensive English with academic English, and through which to strive to improve students＇ English language ability in academic study and profession, and help them build a strong competence in international exchanges and competitions. The author, based on the status quo of China＇s current college English teaching, made some forward-looking predictions to the reform, and put forward some constructive proposals and measures

Letter from Editors-in-Chief

Engineering comes to you at last. As the Editors-in-Chief of En- gineering, first of all, we wish to thank all the scholars at home and abroad for their eager responses and full support, and all those who have provided encouragement and contributions toward the emergence of this journal. Looking back over the history of human civilization, hu- man survival is closely related to the development of social productive forces, which come from engineering science and technology （EST）. Along with today＇s rapid economic and social development, we face common threats from global problems such as food safety, resource shortages, energy cri- ses, environmental pollution, climate change, network attacks, population expansion, poverty, the prevalence of disease, and economic crises. Therefore, EST research that addresses these major issues of economic development appears to be par- ticularly important. At present, a new scientific and technical revolution, including wide spread industrial transformation, is flowing together with new developments in human society. Historically, we know that progress and innovation in EST is a crucial engine for promotin~ progress in human society.

Construction of Mechanized Claw as a Teaching Method in Engineering

The labor market requires, increasingly, an updated and more professional preparation, mainly due to the rapid pace of scientific technical advancement means in the industry. From this point, it is important to encourage the development of the basic techniques of control systems, electronics and communication in order to produce knowledge in the mechatronic field and so apply them to industry. Considering the relevance of this subject, the students of Federal University of Para-Campus Tucumi through the Research Group of Electrical and Mechanical Systems apply their knowledge in multidisciplinary engineering fields in order to generate knowledge from creative techniques using low cost materials, together with the encouragement of social and environmental responsibility which is very important nowadays. At the same time, targeting the needs of the labor market, this work aims to foster in students the skills and requirements through team projects and innovative methods. Therefore, this paper presents a mechanical manipulator, where their operating characteristics are based on industrial robots in the literature, powered by DC （direct current） motors and fully developed from reusable materials. By adding a developed control from the Arduino, prototyping platform with an electronic strategic offers through the internet the long-distance control convenience.

Second harmonic generation in a high-Q lithium niobate microresonator fabricated by femtosecond laser micromachining

We report on second harmonic generation(SHG) in on-chip high-Q(>105) lithium niobate(Li Nb O3, LN) microresonators fabricated by femtosecond laser micromachining. We examine the efficiency of SHG with either a continuous-wave(CW) or an ultrashort pulsed pump laser. The normalized conversion efficiencies of SHG obtained with the CW and pulsed pump lasers are measured to be 1.35×10?5 m W?1 and 2.30×10?6 m W?1, respectively.