Sustainable performance is expected to become a major factor when examining the feasibility of a construction project in terms of its life cycle performance. The study on which this paper is based developed a simulati...Sustainable performance is expected to become a major factor when examining the feasibility of a construction project in terms of its life cycle performance. The study on which this paper is based developed a simulation model, using system dy- namics methodology, to assess the sustainable performance of projects. Three major factors are used to examine project sus- tainable performance (PSP): the sustainability of economic development (E), the sustainability of social development (S), and the sustainability of environmental development (En). Sustainable development ability (SDA) was used as a prototype to evaluate the degree of sustainable performance. The simulation software ‘ithink’ was used to help with the application of the model to a real life case. This paper explains and demonstrates the procedures used to develop the model and finally offers an approach for assessing the feasibility of a construction project in terms of its sustainable performance.展开更多
Based on computerized symbolic computation,a new method and its algorithm are proposed for searching for exact travelling wave solutions of the nonlinear partial differential equations.Making use of our approach,we in...Based on computerized symbolic computation,a new method and its algorithm are proposed for searching for exact travelling wave solutions of the nonlinear partial differential equations.Making use of our approach,we investigate the Whitham-Broer-Kaup equation in shallow water and obtain new families of exact solutions,which include soliton-like solutions and periodic solutions.As its special cases,the solutions of classical long wave equations and modified Boussinesq equations can also be found.展开更多
Let ARDkCS（v） denote an almost resolvable directed k-cycle system of order v. It is clear that a necessary condition for the existence of an ARDkCS（v） is v=1（mod k）. For k：3,4,5 and 6, the existence of an ARDk...Let ARDkCS（v） denote an almost resolvable directed k-cycle system of order v. It is clear that a necessary condition for the existence of an ARDkCS（v） is v=1（mod k）. For k：3,4,5 and 6, the existence of an ARDkCS （v） had been completely solved. This paper shows that there exists an ARD7CS（v） if and only if v≡1 （rood 7） and v≥8.展开更多
Applying the generalized method, which is a direct and unified algebraic method for constructing multipletravelling wave solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), and implementing in a computer alg...Applying the generalized method, which is a direct and unified algebraic method for constructing multipletravelling wave solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), and implementing in a computer algebraicsystem, we consider the generalized Zakharov-Kuzentsov equation with nonlinear terms of any order. As a result, wecan not only successfully recover the previously known travelling wave solutions found by existing various tanh methodsand other sophisticated methods, but also obtain some new formal solutions. The solutions obtained include kink-shapedsolitons, bell-shaped solitons, singular solitons, and periodic solutions.展开更多
This article focuses on the study of stability of motion of the phase systems described by differential equations whose right-hand sides are periodic in the angular coordinate. The article deals with the mathematical ...This article focuses on the study of stability of motion of the phase systems described by differential equations whose right-hand sides are periodic in the angular coordinate. The article deals with the mathematical model which has been investigated for stability ＂in the large＂ using the second Lyapunov method. Based on the theoretical results obtained in the work,the computational experiments on concrete examples of electric power systems, which showedthe sufficient efficacy of the proposed method for the studied phase system, were conducted.展开更多
The true freshwater crabs(Crustacea,Decapoda,Brachyura) are highly adapted to life in freshwater and complete their life cycle entirely independently of sea water.All true freshwater crabs exhibit direct development a...The true freshwater crabs(Crustacea,Decapoda,Brachyura) are highly adapted to life in freshwater and complete their life cycle entirely independently of sea water.All true freshwater crabs exhibit direct development and lack the free-living larval forms(zoea and megalopa) typical of most other brachyurans.After a prolonged embryonic period(during which they pass through the typical brachyuran larval forms embryologically) the eggs of true freshwater crabs hatch to produce juvenile(hatchling) crabs.We provide here the first report and description of the continuous record of embryonic development from egg-laying up to hatching in the Chinese true freshwater crab Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott,1967(Potamoidea,Potamidae).Direct development(complete secondary embryonization) in S.yangtsekiense was observed to take 77 days and to include an additional embryonic phase(termed here the egg-juvenile-crab) that occurs in the embryo between the imprisoned megalopa and the newly-emerged juvenile(hatchling) crab.This is significant because the only other freshwater crab whose embryonic development has been studied in detail is Potamon fluviatilis(Potamidae) which takes 45-47 days and involves only nine embryonic stages.展开更多
Elliptic equation is taken as an ansatz and applied to solve nonlinear wave equations directly. More kinds of solutions are directly obtained, such as rational solutions, solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutio...Elliptic equation is taken as an ansatz and applied to solve nonlinear wave equations directly. More kinds of solutions are directly obtained, such as rational solutions, solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions and so on.It is shown that this method is more powerful in giving more kinds of solutions, so it can be taken as a generalized method.展开更多
Framework definitions of earlier informally used notions of effect and phenomenon are proposed, examples of their role in developing mathematics are given. Phenomena of singular cycle and deepening boundary layer in t...Framework definitions of earlier informally used notions of effect and phenomenon are proposed, examples of their role in developing mathematics are given. Phenomena of singular cycle and deepening boundary layer in the theory of singularly perturbed differential equations and ancient popular synergetic process described by system of random difference equations are presented.展开更多
Distinguishing things from beings, or matters from lives, is a fundamental question. Extending E. Schr?dinger's neg-entropy and I. Prigogine's dissipative structure, we propose a chemical kinetic view that the...Distinguishing things from beings, or matters from lives, is a fundamental question. Extending E. Schr?dinger's neg-entropy and I. Prigogine's dissipative structure, we propose a chemical kinetic view that the earliest "live" process is embedded essentially in a special interaction between a pair of specific components under a particular, corresponding environmental conditions. The interaction exists as an inter-molecular-force-bond complex(IMFBC) that couples two separate chemical processes: one is the spontaneous formation of the IMFBC driven by a decrease of Gibbs free energy as a dissipative process; while the other is the disassembly of the IMFBC driven thermodynamically by free energy input from the environment. The two chemical processes coupled by the IMFBC originated independently and were considered non-living on Earth, but the IMFBC coupling of the two can be considered as the earliest form of metabolism: the first landmark on the path from things to a being. The dynamic formation and disassembly of the IMFBC, as a composite individual, follows a principle designated as "… structure for energy for structure for energy…", the cycle continues; and for short it will be referred to as "structure for energy cycle". With additional features derived from this starting point, the IMFBC-centered "live" process spontaneously evolved into more complex living organisms with the characteristics currently known.展开更多
The undulation and characteristics of the Lehmann discontinuity at the base of the Low Velocity Zone in the upper mantle are significant for understanding the coupling between the lithosphere and asthenosphere, and co...The undulation and characteristics of the Lehmann discontinuity at the base of the Low Velocity Zone in the upper mantle are significant for understanding the coupling between the lithosphere and asthenosphere, and corresponding geodynamic processes. Vertical waveform data from six earthquakes with focal depths between 75 and 150 km and magnitudes Mb 5.0–6.0 since 2004 were collected from the short-period Hi-net array. Selected waveform data were processed for each event network pair using the Nth-root slant stack method to retrieve the SdP conversion phases from the possible 220 km(Lehmann) discontinuity. The conversion points related to the SdP phases show that there is a clear and flat velocity interface around 230 km, suggesting that there is a sinking of the Lehmann discontinuity beneath Tonga with no obvious undulation. The 230 km depth of the Lehmann discontinuity in this location could be explained by an hypothesis of transition in the deformation mechanism from dislocation creep to diffusion creep.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong,China
文摘Sustainable performance is expected to become a major factor when examining the feasibility of a construction project in terms of its life cycle performance. The study on which this paper is based developed a simulation model, using system dy- namics methodology, to assess the sustainable performance of projects. Three major factors are used to examine project sus- tainable performance (PSP): the sustainability of economic development (E), the sustainability of social development (S), and the sustainability of environmental development (En). Sustainable development ability (SDA) was used as a prototype to evaluate the degree of sustainable performance. The simulation software ‘ithink’ was used to help with the application of the model to a real life case. This paper explains and demonstrates the procedures used to develop the model and finally offers an approach for assessing the feasibility of a construction project in terms of its sustainable performance.
文摘Based on computerized symbolic computation,a new method and its algorithm are proposed for searching for exact travelling wave solutions of the nonlinear partial differential equations.Making use of our approach,we investigate the Whitham-Broer-Kaup equation in shallow water and obtain new families of exact solutions,which include soliton-like solutions and periodic solutions.As its special cases,the solutions of classical long wave equations and modified Boussinesq equations can also be found.
基金Natural Science Research Leading Item ofJiangsu (No.04 DJ110144) Natural Out-standing Younger Science Foundation(No.60225007)and Postdoctoral ScienceFoundation of China(No.20020248024)
文摘Let ARDkCS（v） denote an almost resolvable directed k-cycle system of order v. It is clear that a necessary condition for the existence of an ARDkCS（v） is v=1（mod k）. For k：3,4,5 and 6, the existence of an ARDkCS （v） had been completely solved. This paper shows that there exists an ARD7CS（v） if and only if v≡1 （rood 7） and v≥8.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10072013the National Key Basic Research Development Program under Grant No.G1998030600
文摘Applying the generalized method, which is a direct and unified algebraic method for constructing multipletravelling wave solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), and implementing in a computer algebraicsystem, we consider the generalized Zakharov-Kuzentsov equation with nonlinear terms of any order. As a result, wecan not only successfully recover the previously known travelling wave solutions found by existing various tanh methodsand other sophisticated methods, but also obtain some new formal solutions. The solutions obtained include kink-shapedsolitons, bell-shaped solitons, singular solitons, and periodic solutions.
文摘This article focuses on the study of stability of motion of the phase systems described by differential equations whose right-hand sides are periodic in the angular coordinate. The article deals with the mathematical model which has been investigated for stability ＂in the large＂ using the second Lyapunov method. Based on the theoretical results obtained in the work,the computational experiments on concrete examples of electric power systems, which showedthe sufficient efficacy of the proposed method for the studied phase system, were conducted.
基金Supported by the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(No.S30701)the Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.J50701)
文摘The true freshwater crabs(Crustacea,Decapoda,Brachyura) are highly adapted to life in freshwater and complete their life cycle entirely independently of sea water.All true freshwater crabs exhibit direct development and lack the free-living larval forms(zoea and megalopa) typical of most other brachyurans.After a prolonged embryonic period(during which they pass through the typical brachyuran larval forms embryologically) the eggs of true freshwater crabs hatch to produce juvenile(hatchling) crabs.We provide here the first report and description of the continuous record of embryonic development from egg-laying up to hatching in the Chinese true freshwater crab Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott,1967(Potamoidea,Potamidae).Direct development(complete secondary embryonization) in S.yangtsekiense was observed to take 77 days and to include an additional embryonic phase(termed here the egg-juvenile-crab) that occurs in the embryo between the imprisoned megalopa and the newly-emerged juvenile(hatchling) crab.This is significant because the only other freshwater crab whose embryonic development has been studied in detail is Potamon fluviatilis(Potamidae) which takes 45-47 days and involves only nine embryonic stages.
文摘Elliptic equation is taken as an ansatz and applied to solve nonlinear wave equations directly. More kinds of solutions are directly obtained, such as rational solutions, solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions and so on.It is shown that this method is more powerful in giving more kinds of solutions, so it can be taken as a generalized method.
文摘Framework definitions of earlier informally used notions of effect and phenomenon are proposed, examples of their role in developing mathematics are given. Phenomena of singular cycle and deepening boundary layer in the theory of singularly perturbed differential equations and ancient popular synergetic process described by system of random difference equations are presented.
基金supported by MST (2003CB715906 to Shunong Bai)National Natural Science Foundation of China (11021463 to Qi Ouyang)
文摘Distinguishing things from beings, or matters from lives, is a fundamental question. Extending E. Schr?dinger's neg-entropy and I. Prigogine's dissipative structure, we propose a chemical kinetic view that the earliest "live" process is embedded essentially in a special interaction between a pair of specific components under a particular, corresponding environmental conditions. The interaction exists as an inter-molecular-force-bond complex(IMFBC) that couples two separate chemical processes: one is the spontaneous formation of the IMFBC driven by a decrease of Gibbs free energy as a dissipative process; while the other is the disassembly of the IMFBC driven thermodynamically by free energy input from the environment. The two chemical processes coupled by the IMFBC originated independently and were considered non-living on Earth, but the IMFBC coupling of the two can be considered as the earliest form of metabolism: the first landmark on the path from things to a being. The dynamic formation and disassembly of the IMFBC, as a composite individual, follows a principle designated as "… structure for energy for structure for energy…", the cycle continues; and for short it will be referred to as "structure for energy cycle". With additional features derived from this starting point, the IMFBC-centered "live" process spontaneously evolved into more complex living organisms with the characteristics currently known.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41074065)SinoProbe-Deep Exploration in China (Grant No. SinoProbe-07-04)
文摘The undulation and characteristics of the Lehmann discontinuity at the base of the Low Velocity Zone in the upper mantle are significant for understanding the coupling between the lithosphere and asthenosphere, and corresponding geodynamic processes. Vertical waveform data from six earthquakes with focal depths between 75 and 150 km and magnitudes Mb 5.0–6.0 since 2004 were collected from the short-period Hi-net array. Selected waveform data were processed for each event network pair using the Nth-root slant stack method to retrieve the SdP conversion phases from the possible 220 km(Lehmann) discontinuity. The conversion points related to the SdP phases show that there is a clear and flat velocity interface around 230 km, suggesting that there is a sinking of the Lehmann discontinuity beneath Tonga with no obvious undulation. The 230 km depth of the Lehmann discontinuity in this location could be explained by an hypothesis of transition in the deformation mechanism from dislocation creep to diffusion creep.
