缪萨尔和伯桑——《列那狐传奇》中学识法的两张面孔

古法语《列那狐传奇》中的两个动物形象——缪萨尔和伯桑——代表着学识法对狮王诺布勒法庭的影响。它们也是分析这种影响的渠道及其接受的关键。缪萨尔是为国王提供法律咨询的教皇特使,语言古怪、扭曲、难以理解,反映的是学识法传播过程中与本土法律观念格格不入的异国侧面。伯桑则以自然的法语坚持正当程序的重要性,意在改造以复仇意志为基础的既有的正义观念。通过转置这两种动物的象征意义,叙事者揭露了学识法付诸实践对封建政治社会结构的扭曲力。

Identification of dynamic systems using support vector regression neural networks

A novel adaptive support vector regression neural network （SVR-NN） is proposed, which combines respectively merits of support vector machines and a neural network. First, a support vector regression approach is applied to determine the initial structure and initial weights of the SVR-NN so that the network architecture is easily determined and the hidden nodes can adaptively be constructed based on support vectors. Furthermore, an annealing robust learning algorithm is presented to adjust these hidden node parameters as well as the weights of the SVR-NN. To test the validity of the proposed method, it is demonstrated that the adaptive SVR-NN can be used effectively for the identification of nonlinear dynamic systems. Simulation results show that the identification schemes based on the SVR-NN give considerably better performance and show faster learning in comparison to the previous neural network method.

A Method of Identifying Electromagnetic Radiation Sources by Using Support Vector Machines

Electromagnetic Radiation Source Identification(ERSI) is a key technology that is widely used in military and radiation management and in electromagnetic interference diagnostics.The discriminative capability of machine learning methods has recently been used for facilitating ERSI.This paper presents a new approach to improve ERSI by adopting support vector machines,which are proven to be effective tools in pattern classification and regression,on the basis of the spatial distribution of electromagnetic radiation sources.Spatial information is converted from 3D cubes to 1D vectors with subscripts as inputs in order to simplify the model.The model is trained with 187 500 data sets in order to enable it to identify the types of radiation source types with an accuracy of up to 99.9%.The influence of parameters(e.g.,penalty parameter,reflection and noise from the ambient environment,and the scaling method for the input data) are discussed.The proposed method has good performance in noisy and reverberant environment.It has an identification accuracy of 82.15% when the signal-to-noise ratio is 20 dB.The proposed method has better accuracy in a noisy environment than artificial neural networks.Given that each Electromagnetic(EM) source has unique spatial characteristics,this method can be used for EM source identification and EM interference diagnostics.

A medical understanding on the wuxing theory in cell

Yinyang theory and wuxing theory are the core parts in the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) and giving the accurate interpretation on these theories is one of directions for the modernization of TCM.In the cell,energy metabolism and gene expression are the fundamental processes which are regarded as yin and yang respectively.Furthermore,energy agents,oxygen,end metabolic products,energy releasing as well as genes are the five basic factors for maintaining the undergoing of all biochemistries in cell.Because these factors are the substrates of five essential pathways for the survival of living cell and the abnormalities of any pathways will cause the death of cells,wuxing theory should be translated as five essential pathways in cell.These medical understandings on wuxing theory will not only give some novel viewpoints on the living cell but also promote the development of system biology in future.

＂Flipped Class Mode＂ Applied to Reading and Writing Class With WeChat APP

With the development of computer, technology way of language teaching has experienced great changes. In the past, the methods of language teaching mainly focus on the direct method, the grammar-translation, audio-lingual, the structure approach, communicative language teaching, community language learning, task-based language learning, etc. These methods start and develop with the need and application of some theories. At the present time, the computer is widely used in every field and the Internet is compulsory of daily life, especially more and more students use the WeChat APP. So the way of teaching language is changing accordingly. This paper is to analyze the new way of language teaching, the flipped class model, and how it is used with WeChat APP. The first part is the general introduction of the flipped class model, the second part is the application of the flipped class model to reading and writing classes, and the third part is the use of WeChat APP in the cell phone.

Novel Active Learning Method for Speech Recognition

In speech recognition, acoustic modeling always requires tremendous transcribed samples, and the transcription becomes intensively time-consuming and costly. In order to aid this labor-intensive process, Active Learning （AL） is adopted for speech recognition, where only the most informative training samples are selected for manual annotation. In this paper, we propose a novel active learning method for Chinese acoustic modeling, the methods for initial training set selection based on Kullback-Leibler Divergence （KLD） and sample evaluation based on multi-level confusion networks are proposed and adopted in our active learning system, respectively. Our experiments show that our proposed method can achieve satisfying performances.

Reflections on the New Classification of Tumors by the WHO and Changes in Esophageal Cancer in a High-risk Area

ABSTRACT In year 2000, a book entitled the Pathology and Genetics of Tumors of the Digestive System was published by the WHO, presenting some new diagnostic criteria and treatment principles. I have analyzed the epidemiologic change of tumors in over 30 years in the high-risk area with esophageal cancer. The following phenomenon was found： accompanied by the sharp decrease in the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer, there was an increase in the incidence and death rate of stomach cancer involving cardiac cancer. This fact should be considered when analyzing the sharp decrease in esophageal cancer incidence and mortality rate. More attention was given to diagnosis of cardiac cancer; at the same time it is more practical to improve the early screening of cancers. To observe the development of high and low - grade intraepithelial neoplasms will be an urgent task for esophageal cancer research in the high risk area, according to WHO＇s new classification.

Study on the ideology-influenced translation： Based on Rickshaw boy by Evan King

Translation is not made in a vacuum but is constrained by ideology, and as a result, it is a synthetical product of history, society and culture. With target-text oriented descriptive approach, this paper aims at exploring the influences that ideology has on literary translation. The research focuses on the ideological constraints that shape a literary translation through the case study of Evan King＇s translation of Luotuo Xiangzi- Rickshaw boy.

Cultural awareness in the English language classroom： Curriculum and assessment

More prominence is given to cultural awareness as a general objective in modem language curriculum. But in the implementation of cultural content and assessment within the curriculum raise issues： How the language teachers integrate the cultural awareness into the language classroom or outside class and how it is assessed effectively？ This paper first reviews the content of cultural awareness and assessment approaches at different stages in the curriculum. And then, some teaching cultural skills are mentioned on the base of making some observations on the cultural element of the curriculum. Finally, the author thinks that the assessment approach： cultural portfolios and projects should be advocated to help students in gaining insights into the target culture.

Research on High Resolution Satellite Image Classification Algorithm based on Convolution Neural Network

Artifi cial neural network is a kind of artificial intelligence method to simulate the function of human brain, and deep learning technology can establish a depth network model with hierarchical structure on the basis of artificial neural network. Deep learning brings new development direction to artificial neural network. Convolution neural network is a new artificial neural network method, which combines artificial neural network and deep learning technology, and this new neural network is widely used in many fields of computer vision. Modern image recognition algorithm requires classifi cation system to adapt to different types of tasks, and deep network and convolution neural network is a hot research topic in neural networks. According to the characteristics of satellite digital image, we use the convolution neural network to classify the image, which combines texture features with spectral features. The experimental results show that the convolution neural network algorithm can effectively classify the image.

The Evolution of Terminology Within the Tertiary Education System in Poland From a Diachronic Perspective

Pursuant to the Bologna Declaration of 1999, the establishment of the European Higher Education Area has entailed some standardization within the scope of terminology pertaining to tertiary education. Even though the process has left some room for country specific terminology, with names of higher education institutions being often used in their original wording, just to avoid lack of clarity, translation of the names in question is often performed for informative and for diploma recognition purposes. The aspect of translation seems not to pose a significant problem with regard to current names of tertiary education as there exist both strict and transparent rules defined by the Polish law with regard to the naming process as well as guidelines issued by the Council of Europe determining the standardization of higher education in the countries of the Bologna Process signatories. It may, however, cause some difficulties, in the case of translation of names used in the past. The main thrust hereof is to present the way the tertiary education system in Poland developed in terms of applied terminology of proper names of higher education institutions. The analyzed issue is mostly supposed to depict restrictions within the naming process and to suggest translation into English that conforms to the currently binding Polish law and that takes into consideration the then binding laws in Poland. The legislative ground subject to the analysis is constituted by Polish acts, resolutions, and official announcements, while the period covered encompasses the time span between WWII and the present moment. The suggested translation is understood as a transfer of culture and presentation of the education system, depicted from a diachronic perspective.

The Geographical Distribution and Historical Strata of Appellation Words Referring to ＂FATHER＂ in Jin Dialects --Exploring the Causes for the Formation of Historical Strata of Dialect Words

Based on geographical distribution and literature survey, the present study constructs the historical strata of the appellation words referring to ＂FATHER＂ in Jin Dialects. It holds that the patterns of the appellation words are the result of superposition of different historical periods. But their leading words directly inherit the appellation words of standard language of the Song Dynasty and are mainly monosyllabic words. Words used before the Song Dynasty as living fossils of the words only retain in some districts or localities. The different evolution route of＂pa （爸）＂ and ＂tiε （爹）＂ either in Jin dialects or in mandarin is a further proof that Jin dialects and mandarin evolves asynchronously. In addition, it maintains that the formulation of the historical strata is the interaction of the horizontal transmission of languages and systemic changes of local dialects.

A Study on Language Standardization and Variation From the Perspective of Language Ecology

This thesis examines the dialectical relationship between language standardization and variation from the perspective of language ecology. Language standardization is a task of calibrating language ecological niche. No matter what kind of language in the world, it would experience language standardization issues during its development process. Language standardization and variation is the unity of contradiction. To handle their relationship properly is the basis of maintaining the harmonious language ecology, and also a prerequisite of forming a good language environment. It is pragmatic subject＇s bounden duty to observe and perform language standardization. Dynamic trend is determined by linguistic ecological environment. Pragmatic energy is determined by the competition among different languages. Linguistic ecological variation determines pragmatic change of pragmatic subject.

On Cultural Default and Compensation in Big Breasts and Wide Hips From the Perspective of Cultural Schema Theory

Cultural schema theory proposes that when we interact with members of the same culture in certain situations, or talk about certain information with them many times, cultural schemas are created and stored in our brain, which can promote coherence between the original and target language text, thus solving the cultural default caused by the cultural differences. It is vital to make cultural compensation to different cultural schemas and to coordinate the cultural contradiction. This thesis focuses on the translation methods and strategies in Big Breasts and Wide Hips from the perspective of the cultural schema theory, which exemplifies how cultural default and compensation functions in this novel.

Study on Methodology of Culture Teaching

Culture teaching has to be carried out systematically and specifically. It can not only depend on the teacher＇s occasional input knowledge concerning cultures but demand fundamental changes in educational structures, philosophies and methoclologies. This paper attempts to build up a conceptual framework guiding the practice of culture-oriented English teaching. The literature review includes three main aspects： aim for strengthening awareness of culture teaching; methodology of culture teaching; culture teaching techniques. The paper also points out that only by combination of language teaching and culture teaching can students reach the purpose of enhancing the intercultural communicative competency.

Training Interpreters With Compound Abilities From the Perspective of Signed and Spoken Language Interpretation

Signed language is a natural language for verbal communication of the deaf and people hard of hearing. Both signed and oral language interpretation are activities that convert one language into another. They are similar with each other in terms of interpreting strategy, model, skills and so on. Sign language interpretation teaching and research can be integrated with oral interpretation teaching and research. China today urgently needs more multi-talented people than skillful language users. This paper holds if English majors learn signed language and can interpret between CSL, Chinese, and English, they must be warmly welcome in the employment market. Such interpreters with compound abilities are able to bridge the gap between hearing and deaf people even from different countries. This is of necessity and feasibility.

The Role of Globalization in Formation of Pedagogical Communication

The article is commonly about the impact of globalization on participants of pedagogical process in the condition of communication. The globalization leaves its tracks in separate spheres of the educational system as well as it impacts all spheres of modern life. The relation between a teacher and a student differs with its peculiarity in the contemporary life. A pupil or a student differs totally in classifying the information gained in his activity. A modem student demonstrates a special attitude to everyday events and gets an independent position. Such reality demands the teacher of the day to have a very high practice; the necessity of contemporary training in the process of training-education can be marked as the appearance of globalization. It occurs as a demand for globalization as well. All these items after being analyzed bring some conclusions.

Social Concerns for the Industrialization of Regional Culture in Gansu

Gansu, as the birthplace of Chinese Civilization, has very rich cultural resources. The advantages of regional culture in Gansu are strongly inclusive in category, excellent in spirit, rare in resources, completely worthless in value, famous world-wide, and so on. But serious concerns still exist in the industrialization of regional culture in Gansu, China. Here we recall the advantages of the cultural resources in this province, since it is beneficial for training a kind of cultural spirit or consciousness. It is also intended to put forward suggestions for the industrialization of regional culture and avoid unnecessary steps or even irretrievable loss.

Reliance or Defiance： Writing out of Her Mother in Maxine Hong Kingston＇s The Woman Warrior

This paper is to illustrate that form develops meaning in Maxine Hong Kingston＇s The Woman Warrior （1989）. Her writing is permeated with the dual forces stretching to diverse directions, and equips readers with the mimic world to be pushed and pulled to experience all the paradoxes in narrator＇s life. This enigmatic writing style is the mimesis of the push-pull dynamics existent in the mother-daughter relationship in the book, and also through this kind of writing does the writer finally succeed in breaking away from the suffocating mother-daughter relationship and in claiming her own unique identity.

A Contrastive Study of English Source Text and Back-Translation Version and Its Application

Back-translation is the translation of a translated text back into the language of the original text, which is an effective way to ensure accurate translation and assumes to be beneficial to improving learner＇s English competence. This thesis, based on the author＇s back translation training exercise, intends to make a constrastive study of source text in English and its back-translation precisely from the aspects of word choice, collocation, and sentence mechanics. Results have shown that by doing back-translation practice, the learners will strengthen their awareness of language differences between English and Chinese. Besides, as a special kind of translation, back-translation has its implications on English learning and Chinese-English translation, such as being a recitation method and testing tool.