0D-1D coupling model and 3D fluid-structure interaction model based on coronary CT angiography for displaying hemodynamic characteristics of coronary artery stenosis

Objective To observe value of 0D-1D coupling model and 3D fluid-structure interaction(FSI)model based on coronary CT angiography(CCTA)for displaying hemodynamic characteristics of coronary artery stenosis.Methods Based on CCTA data of the stenosed left anterior descending branch(LAD)in a patient with coronary heart disease,an 0D-1D coupling model and 3D FSI model were built,respectively.Then hemodynamic characteristic indexes,including the pressure,flow velocity and wall shear stress(WSS)were obtained in every 0.01 s during 1 s at 5 sampling points(i.e.sampling point 1—5)using these 2 models,respectively,and the consistencies of the results between models were evaluated with Spearman correlation coefficient r s.Results The time consuming for construction of 0D-1D coupling model and 3D FSI model was 0.033 min and 704 min,respectively.Both models showed basically distribution of the pressure,flow velocity and WSS of the stenosed LAD.For more details,the pressure at the stenosed segment of LAD and the proximal segment of stenosis were both higher,which gradually decreased at the distal segment of stenosis,and the flow velocity at the proximal segment of stenosis was in a relatively slow and uniform condition,with significantly increased flow velocity and WSS at the stenosed segment.Compared with 3D FSI model,0D-1D vascular coupling model was relatively unrefined and lack of distal flow lines when displaying blood flow velocity.For sampling point 2 at the stenosed segment of LAD,no significant consistency for pressure between 2 models was found(P=0.118),but strong consistency for the flow velocity and WSS(r s=0.730,0.807,both P<0.05).The consistencies of pressure,flow velocity and WSS between 2 models at the proximal and distal segment of stenosis,i.e.1,3—5 sampling points were week to moderate(r s=0.237—0.669,all P<0.05).Conclusion 0D-1D coupling model exhibited outstanding computational efficiency and might provide relatively reasonable results,while 3D FSI model showed higher accuracy for details and streamline when simulating LAD stenosis.

宋代书院的师生关系与学脉传承

书院在宋代进入了第一个繁荣期,书院教育家继承和发展了先秦以来私学中的良好师生关系,师生相交以道、共进于道,互相砥砺。为师者,德业并举,阐扬圣道,培育圣贤,门人弟子则安学亲师,延续学脉。光大师说,和谐融洽的师生关系既是书院教育特色,也是书院精神的源泉。师生和谐互动推动了学脉的传承,开创了一代学风。研究宋代书院教育中的师生关系,对构建新时代师生关系,传承学术,引领社风等方面均具有现实意义。

陈献章学脉对王阳明思想的影响

从根本上说,王阳明的思想源自对儒家经典《孟子》、《大学》等的解读与发挥。就近处而言,王阳明的思想则来自朱熹思想的刺激,如果说朱熹思想的刺激属于反面的影响,那么陈献章学脉对王阳明思想所产生的正面影响则是不可忽视的,而这正是本文的立脚点。陈献章学脉对王阳明的影响,通过娄谅,主要通过湛若水与王阳明的交往与论学得以显现。厘清这一点,对进一步把握王阳明思想的形成与发展之脉络是十分必要的。

黄宗羲与王学

章学诚曾说:黄宗羲“上宗王、刘,下开二万”,这一评语是合乎事实的。就理论渊源而言,黄宗羲的哲学思想较多方面导源于王学,黄氏本人亦以王门后学自视。不过,正如顾炎武入于朱学而又出于朱学,黄宗羲也从王学出发而又对它作了原则的修正与改造,并最终在理论上突破了王学。 一 在心物关系上,王阳明提出了“本体原无内外”论:“心何尝有内外?……功夫不离本体,本体原无内外”。所谓无内外,即是“人心与天地一体,故上下与天地同流”。这种心物一体论在肯定精神本体与万物的统一性上,与唯心主义的泛神沦十分相近,在一定意义上可以把它视为准泛神论。从理学的演变来看,心物一体的准泛神论实际上是纠朱陆之偏的一种尝试。通过肯定心体内在于万物,王阳明一方面扬弃了程朱突出理之超验性的形而上学观点,另一方面又在一定程度上避免了陆九渊以“吾心”

学脉与文风的传承——彭玉平教授治学访谈

受多位名师的启导与影响,彭玉平教授的学术研究,入门乃正,取法乃高,既传承了传统的治学风范,又推陈出新,表现出独有的治学特色。其治学,经历从守旧到创始的变化,强调实证、重视通变、服务当下,对中国文学批评做出了重要贡献。

荀子对鲁文化传统的批判与熔铸发微——学脉承继与礼乐重构的视角

鲁文化中的儒文化是荀学之本源与根底。荀子独具特色的学术思想正是对鲁学中的儒文化进行文化批判与理论熔铸的结果。学脉承继与礼乐文化为鲁文化特重之内容。荀子在师承谱系上遥契孔子,出自仲弓之门人,对儒家学派进行了彻底的改造。荀子礼乐重构的哲理期待、理论愿景与政治实践围绕四大秩序维度——社会政治秩序治理维度、道德伦理秩序规约维度、文化秩序成人维度、经济秩序管理维度而展开。荀子思想体现出了强烈的批判色彩与深刻的熔铸风格。

Pharmacokinetics of Native r-SAK in Rabbit's Femoral Artery Thrombosis Model

Objective: To study the pharmacokinetics of native r SAK in rabbit's femoral artery thrombosis model, the “lytic circle' method was used to determine plasma levels of r SAK. Methods: Thirty New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to the control (saline 10 ml, 30 min), r SAK low dose (0.25 mg/kg, 30 min), medial dose (0.50 mg/kg, 30 min), high dose (1.00 mg/kg, 30 min), single bolus (0.50 mg/kg, 2 min) and conjunctive therapy (initiated with heparin 200 U/kg, followed by infusion of r SAK 0.50 mg/kg for 30 min, and subsequently infused heparin 50 U/(kg·h) to endpoint) groups. The right femoral artery thrombosis model in rabbit was made by balloon injury, then the thrombolytic agents were infused through parallel ear vein and the blood samples were collected pre thrombolysis and at different time post thrombolysis to determine the plasma levels of r SAK by “lytic circle' method, the plasma levels of r SAK were processed by pharmacokinetic computing procedure to fit the model. Results: The plasma levels of r SAK and the diameters of lytic circles showed a pretty good linear correlation under the scope of 2.0×10 4 2.0×10 6 U/L, and the averaged recycle rate was (96.05±11.35)%(RSD =±11.82%).All peak concentration time in each infusion group was 30 min, and the peak concentrations positively correlated with the doses administrated in infusion groups(r=0.999 98, P <0.000 1). In single bolus group, Peak concentration time was 2 min, and the peak concentration reached (5.16±1.02) mg/L, which was significant higher than that in the same dose r SAK infusion group ( P <0.01). In conjunctive therapy group, the peak concentration showed no significant difference from that in the same dose r SAK infusion group ( P >0.05). The plasma levels of r SAK fit in two compartment model as processed by pharmacokinetic computing procedure in each group. Conclusion: The “lytic circle' method is a simple, practical and reliable method to determine the plasma level of r SAK, and the pharmacokinetics of native r SAK infusion fits in two compartment model in rabbit's femoral artery thrombosis model.

“接着讲”:冯友兰的宋学旨趣

一、引论季羡林先生在《汤用彤全集》的序中曾提到“学术大师能不能超越”的问题,认为清末以来中国学术界陆续出现了一些国学大师,最主要的原因是“中国学坛上的少数先进人物,接受了西方学术思想的影响,同时又忠诚地继承了中国古代优秀的学术传统”,而可“以章太炎划界,他同他的老师俞曲园代表了两个时代”,这些学术大师都是学脉承传各环节中所不可超越的,章太炎、王国维、陈寅恪、汤用彤都是如此。

Preparation and characterization of 9-nitrocamptothecin self-emulsifying microemulsion injection

Aim To prepare a self-emulsifying microemulsion of 9-nitrocamptothecin （9-NC ME） for intravenous injection and investi- gation of its pharmacokinetic profiles in normal SD rats. Methods 9-NC ME was optimized in terms of droplet size and lack of drug precipitation following aqueous dilution using a pseudo-ternary phase diagram. Physicochemical properties of 9-NC ME were evaluated. 9-NC ME was intravenously administered via tail vein in healthy rats. Results A stable microemulsion was formulated consisted of soybean oil as oil phase, EPC/Tween-80 as emulsifier, and anhydrous ethanol as co-emulsifier. The droplets of the microemulsion were spherical shape with mean diameter of 38.3 ± 4.0 nm after 1：20 dilution with 5% glucose injection. The pharmacokinetic parameters of 9-NC ME after intravenous administration in rats were t1/2 of 0.97 ± 0.14 h, A UC0-8 of 372.77 ±49.62 ng·h·mL^-1 and MRT of 1.40 ± 0.21 h which were 1.4-fold, 1.65-fold, and 1.4-fold more than those of 9-NC solution （P〈0.01）. Conclusion The results suggested that 9-NC ME was a promising drug delivery system and it was expected to provide a novel 9-NC injection for cancer patients.

中西会通的历史命运——明清时期浙东学派科学研究及其学脉构建

明清时期,浙东学派在科技研究方面成就斐然,完成了其科学研究体系的建构。李之藻强调科学研究的形而上学基础,重视逻辑推理和哲学论证,寻找事物的数学原理和总则规律;陈荩谟等擅长数学研究,以西学阐释、演绎和增补传统算术,侧重其实用方便;黄宗羲在西学影响下开掘出"绝学"的研究内容,提倡学术的经世致用;黄百家始终坚持实证求真的科学态度和精神,亲自观察和研究农事生活现象,实录民间科技成果。其体系既有切合时代的研究内容,也有传统科学的继承和变革,兼具科学研究的逻辑规则和实证求真的方法,突显其学术特色。其中西文化观念注重中西会通基础上的吸纳、补益和创造,西学中源说的提出,排斥西学的时代潮流,坚持传统文化的立场和精神,在传统文化和科学研究的关系上具有启示性意义。

Microstructure and mechanical properties of GTA weldments of titanium matrix composites prepared with or without current pulsing

The effects of current pulsing on the microstructure, hardness and tensile properties at different temperatures of gas tungsten arc （GTA） weldments of titanium matrix composites were studied. Full-penetration butt joints were made with or without current pulsing. Optical microscopy, hardness test and scanning electron microscopy were employed to evaluate the metallurgical characteristics of welded joints. Tensile properties of weldments at different temperatures were studied and correlated with the microstructure. The results exhibit that current pulsing leads to the refinement of the weld microstrucmre and TiB whisker and the redistribution of reinforcements resulting in higher hardness, tensile strength and ductility of weldments in the as-welded condition.

陆九渊学脉问题浅论

陆九渊以“宇宙即是吾心,吾心即是宇宙”、“心即理”的心学理论,在南宋思想界独树一帜,成为一个极具特色的理学派别。而对他学脉问题的看法,包括陆九渊本人在内共有三种主要观点,但无论哪一种观点,都有它失之偏颇的地方。文章认为,陆九渊的学术思想主要是在继承孟子思想的基础上,吸收了当时流行的禅宗思想的某些修养方法,加上自己独特的哲学思维方式而成的,这其中受孟子影响最大,也最接近于孟子。

A new three-phase 5-level current-source inverter

The new three-phase 5-level current-source inverter (CSI) proposed in this paper was developed by connecting three separate single-phase 5-level CSIs in series, and its operational principle was analyzed. There are two major problems existing in current-source multilevel inverters, one is the complex PWM control method (2-logic to 3-logic conversion), and the other is the problem of current-unbalance between different levels. A simple current-balance control method via DC current feedback is applied in each single-phase 5-level CSI cell to implement the current-balance control between different levels. And to reduce the output current harmonics, POD PWM control technique was used. Simulation and experimental results showed that this new three-phase 5-level CSI topology operates correctly.

Differentiation of malignant and benign proximal bile duct strictures: The diagnostic dilemma

AIM: To identify the criteria for the differentiation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) from benign strictures. METHODS: A total of 68 patients underwent resection of lesions suspicious for HCCA between 1998 and 2006. The results of laboratory investigations, imaging studies and brush cytology were collected. These fi ndings were analyzed to obtain the fi nal diagnosis. RESULTS: Histological examination of the resected specimens confirmed HCCA in 58 patients (85%, group Ⅰ) whereas 10 patients (15%, groupⅡ) were diagnosed to have benign strictures. The most common presenting symptom was obstructive jaundice in 77% patients (79% group Ⅰvs 60% group Ⅱ P = 0.23). Laboratory findings showed greater elevation of transaminase levels in group Ⅰcompared to group Ⅱ The various imaging modalities showed vascular involvement exclusively in the malignant group (36%,P < 0.05). Brush cytology was positive for malignant cells in only 50% patients in group Ⅰ whereas none in group Ⅱ showed malignant cells. CONCLUSION: Despite improvements in imaging techniques, 10 patients (15%) with a presumptive diagnosis of HCCA were ultimately found to have benign strictures. Except for vascular involvement which was associated significantly with malignancy, there were no conclusive features of malignancy on regular imaging modalities. This uncertainty should be taken into account when patients with a suspicious lesion at the liver hilum are considered for resection.

Study on least square modeling of heat engineering object based on typical signal response

This paper proposes a kind of least square modeling method based on typical signal response to enhance modeling accuracy of heat engineering process and adapts the environment that modeling experiment conditions are limited. The principle of this method is, under the condition of known typical pulse, step and slope signal response and model structure, to give algorithm of model parameters of identified continuous system by least square mode through derivation. The method is applied to the identification of heat exchange process for a consumer substation, and identification result obtained is compared with that of other conventional methods. After the comparison the result shows that identification accuracy is improved obviously. In addition to the good identification accuracy, this method has the characteristics such as it can identify directly continuous system model, pure lagging time, and is not sensitive to data length in the identification process. All these characteristics show that this method is simple, easy to implement and has good practicability.

Computed tomography perfusion in evaluating the therapeutic effect of transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM： To prospectively assess the changes in parameters of computed tomography （CT） perfusion pre- and post-transarterial chemoembolization （TACE） of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） in different treatment response groups, and to correlate the changes with various responses of HCC to TACE. METHODS： Thirty-nine HCC patients underwent CT perfusion examinations pre-（1 d before TACE） and post-treatment （4 wk after TACE）. The response evaluation criteria for solid tumors （RECIST） were referred to when treatment responses were distributed. Wilcoxon-signed ranks test was used to compare the differences in CT perfusion parameters pre- and post- TACE for different response groups. RESULTS： Only one case had treatment response to CR and the CT perfusion maps of post-treatment lesion displayed complete absence of signals. In the PR treatment response group, hepatic artery perfusion （HAP）, hepatic arterial fracture （HAF） and hepatic blood volume （HBV） of viable tumors post-TACE were reduced compared with pre-TACE （P = 0.001, 0.030 and 0.001, respectively）. In the SD group, all CT perfusion parameters were not significantly different pre- and post-TACE. In the PD group, HAP, HAl=, portal vein perfusion （PVP） and hepatic blood flow （HBF） of viable tumors post-TACE were significantly increased compared with pre-TACE （P = 0.005, 0.012, 0.035 and 0.005, respectively）. CONCLUSION： Changes in CT perfusion parameters of viable tumors are correlated with different responses of HCC to TACE. Therefore, CT perfusion imaging is a feasible technique for monitoring response of HCC to TACE.

Effects of a proline solution cover on the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of high-sulfur coal gangue

Batch experiments tively evaluate the inhibition were conducted to compara- effects and mechanisms of a low-concentration （1%） proline solution cover on the release of pollutants from high-sulfur coal gangue. High- sulfur coal gangue was continuously immersed in a proline solution and in deionized water （as a control treatment） for 540 days. The results showed that the coal gangue in the control treatment was oxidized and generated leachate with poor water qualities, i.e., the leachate exhibited lower pH values, higher redox potential values, higher pollutant concentrations （804^2-, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn）, and high levels of acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. However, compared to the control treatment, the addition of the proline solution （1%） significantly improved the water quality of the leachate by significantly reducing the Eh values, the pollutant concentrations （804^2-, Fe^2＋, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn）, and the activity of acidophilic sulfur-oxidiz- ing bacteria and by significantly increasing the pH value to neutral. The proline treatment significantly inhibited the oxidation of coal gangue and the release of pollutants, mainly by inhibiting the activity of acidophilic sulfur-ox- idizing bacteria and by altering the heavy metal fractions and the mineralogical characteristics. Therefore, in engi- neering practice, workers should consider using an envi- ronmental friendly aqueous proline solution cover to achieve the in-situ control of pollutant releases from coal gangue dumps.

王阳明与陈白沙之间是否存在学脉传承关系?——束景南《王阳明年谱长编》相关论述辨正

束景南先生在其《王阳明年谱长编》中,关于阳明在成化十九年就已经认识白沙并深受其影响、就已经对白沙学问"熟闻习见"的论述;关于阳明在成化二十年便与张诩相识,"盖张诩可谓阳明生平最早相识之白沙弟子,自此阳明乃可从张诩接触白沙之学"的推断;关于"张诩确在弘治十八年来京师,将《白沙先生全集》赠王华、阳明"的考证,都缺乏足够的文献依据,值得怀疑。因此,束先生关于阳明与白沙之间存在"学脉传承"关系的论断,值得商榷。

Generation of low jitter and discrete tunable dual-wavelength optical pulses at arbitrary repetition rates

A novel and simple method to generate low timing jitter and discrete tunable dual-wavelength optical pulses at arbitrary repetition rates is demonstrated in this paper.Two multiple quantum wells distributed feedback laser diodes,were used as the external seeding sources to inject the external photons into a gain-switched Fabry-Perot laser diode.The output wavelengths can be tuned discretely to coincide with any two lasing modes in the gain spectra range of the Fabry-Perot Laser diode,and the output side mode suppression ratio was better than 25 dB.Moreover,the timing jitter of optical pulses was reduced from 1.89 ps to 0.83 ps.It was empirically found that the lowest timing jitter operation occurred when the injected light wavelength is 0.2-0.3 nm shorter than the locked mode of the Fabry-Perot laser diode.To our knowledge,this is the first report of using two DFB laser diodes as a seeding source to reduce pulses jitter and select lasing dual-wavelength simultaneously.

論“子學思維”與“子學精神”

相對於經學思維,子學思維是創新思維、理性思維、科學思維,如辯證思維、全息思維、中和思維、抽象邏輯思維、形象思維、直覺思維、相對思維、變通思維、逆向思維、否定思維等。子學精神不同於求真求實的史學精神,最重要的是理論創造,是'大丈夫'精神、執著精神、犧牲奉獻精神、尚氣節精神、仁愛精神、謙虚好學精神、科學精神、自由精神、獨創精神、争鳴精神、叛逆精神、懷疑精神、批判精神、擔當精神、會通精神、開放精神、和諧精神、自省精神、自律精神、寬容精神等。子學精神一直鮮活地存在着,'新子學'的神聖使命,就是接續子學精神的'學脈'。