储气库注采管柱静、动力学安全性评价及软件开发

在储气库高速交变注采的特殊工况下,注采管柱的力学强度安全性将变得非常复杂。为了准确方便地评价注采管柱的力学强度的安全性问题,开展了储气库注采管柱静、动力学安全性评价研究,并开发了相应的评价软件。首先,根据注采管柱的实际结构和受力特点,建立了封隔器对管柱作用力的计算模型和注采管柱振动的有限元模型,通过模态分析,研究了带封隔器管柱的固有频率和振型;在模态分析的基础上,对储气库注采管柱进行了瞬态动力学研究,分析了距封隔器不同距离管柱的振动位移、速度和加速度的变化规律;根据不同时刻管柱的轴向力和应力分析,计算得到了注采管柱的动力学安全系数;最后,开发了储气库注采管柱静、动力学强度安全性评价软件,该软件包括数据库模块、管柱静力学分析模块、管柱动力学分析模块和管柱安全性评价模块,为储气井注采参数的优化或优选以及注采管柱安全的运行提供参考。

基于准静态方法的有轨电车动力学安全性能试验与分析

轨道交通列车传统的动力学安全性试验一般采用换装测力轮对的测试方法。该方法无法适用于采用装有弹性橡胶件车轮的有轨电车。基于准静态的方法,对上海松江有轨电车的车辆动力学安全性能进行了测试和分析。结果表明,该车型的车辆动力学安全性能参数满足标准要求。

安全的自然属性和社会属性

目的 探讨安全、安全系统、安全动力学等基本概念 ,充实发展安全科学 .方法 运用科学学、哲学、系统科学和系统动力学等方法 ,从安全的属性考虑安全的规律性 .结果与结论 提出了安全属性概念 ;扩充了安全、安全系统的内涵 ;

安全行为80-20原理与安全科技进步贡献率的比对研究

基于统计学原理的安全行为"80-20"原理与"安全科技进步贡献率",在描述安全行为对安全目标的影响时,揭示出的统计规律貌似矛盾。通过比较研究,引发两者相互矛盾的根源来自统计口径、指标体系等的影响。对于安全复杂巨系统,现行统计学方法难以全面解释其内在规律,安全系统动力学则可以较好地解决这类问题。

地震震中附近大型核电厂的核安全技术 核电复兴促仪器与控制数码-智能-IT/NT化(Ⅷ)

分析了核反应堆抗震的科学原理;据中国地震灾难的实际经验,探讨核安全的动力技术,利用地震波P波,通过I&C/FCS-DCS,在破坏性S波到来前,触发动态安全停堆系统,避免地震核引发灾难。介绍了2007年新潟6.8级地震震中9km处柏崎市刈羽郡世界最大的8.2kMWe核电厂无核事故的典型案例。

Numerical simulation of vegetated mine dump slope with reference to small plants

The present paper discusses the effects of small plants on the dump mass reinforcement and slope stability.The roots of smaller plants(such as grasses and shrubs)do not go deep.However,they stabilize the slope by binding the upper layer of dump slope.Shear strength of the dump mass with and without root reinforcement is determined by laboratory shear box instrument.The increased cohesion(apparent cohesion)of upper layer of the dump mass due to plants is determined by fabricated shear box.The kinetic behavior of the dump has been investigated using the FLAC software.The factor of safety has been calculated in order to determine the possible effect of small plants on the stability of the dump slope.It is observed that the small plants do not significantly improve the factor of safety(FOS)of slope.However,it could be useful for early stabilization.The grasses quickly bind the upper surface,whereas shrubs too immensely strengthen the stability of the dump in the initial stage.

CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道支承层斜裂病害整治效果评价

针对采用常规方法难以对CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道支承层斜裂病害整治的安全性和有效性进行评价的问题,基于无损、高效、准确的原则提出了一种针对运营期无砟轨道支承层斜裂病害整治效果快速评价技术。通过实时监测整治过程中的列车运行安全性参数、支承层伤损区域轨道板稳定性参数及轨道结构振动参数等轨道动力学安全参数,评价整治技术的安全性。采用弹性波法对整治前后支承层与砂浆层结合状态进行无损检测,评价整治技术的有效性。将该技术应用于某CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道支承层斜裂病害整治工程。结果显示:支承层伤损整治过程中实时监测轨道动力学安全参数,可以为线路安全稳定提供数据支撑,确保列车安全运行;采用弹性波法可实现天窗内支承层伤损整治效果的快速准确评价,检测效率、精度及有效性满足需求。

Analysis of safety characteristics of coal-based aviation kerosene

The risk and thermal safety characteristics of GX kerosene,HX kerosene and WX kerosene are studied.Firstly,the explosion lower limits of three kinds of kerosene steams are tested by using the self-made explosion limit measuring system.Then differential scanning calorimeter(DSC)is employed to perform linear heating experiment on kerosene to analyze its thermal decomposition characteristics.The pyrolysis kinetic parameters of three kinds of kerosene are calculated based on the thermal dynamic methods.The experimental results show that the flash point and lower explosion limit of GX kerosene are relatively low.The DSC test shows that the lowest initial decomposition temperature of HX kerosene is 116.5℃.According to pyrolysis kinetics calculation,the T_(D24) and apparent activation energy of HX kerosene are the minimum.ARC test shows that GX kerosene has the worst thermal stability under the adiabatic condition.The high temperature stabilities of the three kinds of kerosene all meet the requirements.On the whole,GX kerosene has the highest hazard,and HX kerosene has the lowest thermal safety.The accumulation of heat should be prevented during the storage and transportation of kerosene.This study provides the crucial safety characteristics data of coal-based aerospace kerosene-based,and provides technical support for engine reliability growth and performance improvement.

Determination method of load balance ranges for train operation safety under strong wind

The aerodynamic performances of a passenger car and a box car with different heights of windbreak walls under strong wind were studied using the numerical simulations, and the changes of aerodynamic side force, lift force and overturning moment with different wind speeds and wall heights were calculated. According to the principle of static moment balance of vehicles, the overturning coefficients of trains with different wind speeds and wall heights were obtained. Based on the influence of wind speed and wall height on the aerodynamic performance and the overturning stability of trains, a method of determination of the load balance ranges for the train operation safety was proposed, which made the overturning coefficient have nearly closed interval. A min(|A1|+|A2|), s.t. |A1|→|A2|(A1 refers to the downwind overturning coefficient and A2 refers to the upwind overturning coefficient)was found. This minimum value helps to lower the wall height as much as possible, and meanwhile, guarantees the operation safety of various types of trains under strong wind. This method has been used for the construction and improvement of the windbreak walls along the Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway(from Lanzhou to Urumqi, China).

Simulation study of coal mine safety investment based on system dynamics

To generate dynamic planning for coal mine safety investment, this study applies system dynamics to decision-making, classifying safety investments by accident type. It validates the relationship between safety investments and accident cost, by structurally analyzing the causality between safety investments and their influence factors. Our simulation model, based on Vensim software, conducts simulation analysis on a series of actual data from a coalmine in Shanxi Province. Our results indicate a lag phase in safety investments, and that increasing pre-phase safety investment reduces accident costs. We found that a 24% increase in initial safety investment could help reach the target accident costs level 14 months earlier. Our simulation test included nine kinds of variation trends of accident costs brought by different investment ratios on accident prevention. We found an optimized ratio of accident prevention investments allowing a mine to reach accident cost goals 4 months earlier, without changing its total investment.

Dust dispersion and management in underground mining faces

Presence of fine dust in air causes serious health hazard for mine operators resulting in such serious problems as coal workers’pneumoconiosis and silicosis.Major sources of dust appear of course along the mining face where the minerals are extracted.Proper control and management are required to ensure safe working environment in the mine.Here,we utilize the computational fluid dynamic(CFD)approach to evaluate various methods used for mitigating dust dispersion from the mining face and for ensuring safe level of dust concentration in the mine tunnel for safety of the operators.The methods used include:application of blowing and exhaust fans,application of brattice and combination of both.The results suggest that among the examined methods,implementation of appropriately located brattice to direct the flow from the main shaft to the mining face is the most effective method to direct dust particles away from the mining face.

Simulation of aerothermodynamics model on ballistic safety of fusible alloy fuze

In order to ensure the ballistic safety of fusible alloy fuze at reliable delay arming, melting point of fusible alloy needs to be calculated based on projectile velocity at safe time and distance. Taking shrapnel KZVD fuze of Switzerland oerlikon 2ZLa/353 35 mm double barrel self-propelled antiaircraft artillery as an example, based on the aerodynamics heating theory, the calculation of theory model and simulation of projectile head stagnation point temperature were done in initial stage of sim-plified exterior ballistic from engineering viewpoint when the initial projectile velocity was 1 175 m/s and the error was ±15 m/s. The melting point of fusible alloy in the safe distance was obtained by analyzing the temperature of projectile head stagnation point at corresponding projectile velocity. The simulated results indicate that the melting point of fusible alloy de-rived by theoretical calculation is identical with the result of simulation at the velocity range of 1 160 to 1 190 m/s. So the aero- thermodynamics model can be applied to design the fusible alloy fuze of corresponding melting point based on the requirement of safe distance. This method can be taken as the reference in studying the thermodynamic question of projectile flying at high speed.

ID-Based Authenticated Dynamic Group Key Agreement

Two ID-based authenticated group key agreement schemes, proposed by Choi et al and Du et al, are insecure against an impersonation attack and th ey only discussed the static group. This paper proposed a variant of BD protocol , which is fully authenticated by a proven-secure ID-based signature scheme. T he protocol can res ist the impersonation attack, and other security attributes are also satisfied. Compared with Choi et al and Du et al schemes, the proposed one is mor e efficient and applicable for dynamic groups.

Crosswind stability of high-speed trains in special cuts

Analysis of the aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains in special cuts would provide references for the critical overturning velocity and complement the operation safety management under strong winds.This work was conducted to investigate the flow structure around trains under different cut depths,slope angles using computational fluid dynamics(CFD).The high-speed train was considered with bogies and inter-carriage gaps.And the accuracy of the numerical method was validated by combining with the experimental data of wind tunnel tests.Then,the variations of aerodynamic forces and surface pressure distribution of the train were mainly analyzed.The results show that the surroundings of cuts along the railway line have a great effect on the crosswind stability of trains.With the slope angle and depth of the cut increasing,the coefficients of aerodynamic forces tend to reduce.An angle of 75°is chosen as the optimum one for the follow-up research.Under different depth conditions,the reasonable cut depth for high-speed trains to run safely is 3 m lower than that of the conventional cut whose slope ratio is 1:1.5.Furthermore,the windward slope angle is more important than the leeward one for the train aerodynamic performance.Due to the shield of appropriate cuts,the train body is in a minor positive pressure environment.Thus,designing a suitable cut can contribute to improving the operation safety of high-speed trains.

Theoretical Considerations of Laminar Flame Speed as a Function of Initial Conditions and Basic Kinetic Properties with Respect to the Safety Problem

The Zeldovich-Frank-Kamenetskii solution for the flame velocity of a planar front with one-step overall chemical reaction was enhanced. The assumption that the consumption rate depends exclusively on a chemical component was removed. Instead, the reaction rate was considered to be dependent on all reactants of an overall reaction. The new formulation was applied to obtain the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor of a set of hydrogen-air mixtures.

Numerical study on the aerodynamic performance and safe running of high-speed trains in sandstorms

The influence of sandstorms on train aerodynamic performance and safe running was studied in response to the frequent occurrence of sandstorm weather in north China.An Eulerian two-phase model in the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software FLUENT,validated with published data,was used to solve the gas-solid multiphase flow of a sandstorm around a train.The train aerodynamic performance under different sandstorm levels and no sand conditions was then simulated.Results showed that in sandstorm weather,the drag,lift,side forces and overturning moment increase by variable degrees.Based on a numerical analysis of aerodynamic characteristics,an equation of train stability was also derived using the theory of moment balance from the view of dynamics.A recommended speed limit of a train under different sandstorm levels was calculated based on the stability analysis.

Early fluid loading for septic patients： Any safety limit needed？

Early adequate fluid loading was the corner stone of hemodynamic optimization for sepsis and septic shock. Meanwhile, recent recommended protocol for fluid resuscitation was increasingly debated on hemodynamic stability vs risk of overloading. In recent publications, it was found that a priority was often given to hemodynamic stability rather than organ function alternation in the early fluid resusci- tation of sepsis. However, no safety limits were used at all in most of these reports. In this article, the rationality and safety of early aggressive fluid loading for septic patients were discussed. It was concluded that early aggressive fluid loading improved hemodynamics transitorily, but was probably traded off with a follow-up organ function impairment, such as worsening oxygenation by reduction of lung aeration, in a part of septic patients at least. Thus, a safeguard is needed against unnecessary excessive fluids in early aggressive fluid loading for set）tic patients.