分析水资源问题安全化及其本质

水资源安全化问题与人们的生活息息相关，由于我国经济的持续发展，人们对于健康这一话题也逐渐的关注起来，水资源安全化自然而然的也就成为了所有人关注的核心问题，本文从安全角度出发，对水资源安全化问题进行了深入的探讨，指出了水资源的安全化问题主要来源于水资源与人类生产生活过程中的一些不和谐因素导致。由于人类的不和谐活动使得水资源被严重破坏，造成的一些不安全问题，致使水资源恶化。同时对水资源安全化问题的本质进行了深入的研究，得出了水资源安全化的本质其实是水资源的稀缺性，保证安全基础的是水循环的健康。

语言问题安全化下海军语言—区域—文化能力的培养

语言问题安全化给我国国家安全造成了内部及外部的威胁,对军队外语能力提出了较高的要求。针对海军外语能力不足以及海军院校外语教学存在问题的现状,文章对海军语言技能、地区知识与文化能力的培养进行了思考,提出了按任务使命设计各培训层次的外语教学内容,建立多元化的教学评估体系,优化外语语种教学,培养海军官兵的任职能力。

气候变化问题过度安全化的国际形势与中国的外交应对

当前,国际社会在缺乏科学证据的情况下,把一些自然灾害或人道主义灾难的诱因简单地归结为气候变化,尤其是把一些军事性冲突武断地归因于气候变化,夸大气候变化的安全含义。一些西方大国是气候变化问题过度安全化的主要推动力量,他们试图给新兴发展中大国贴上全球气候安全破坏者的标签,借机为推动安理会对新兴发展中大国采取干预和遏制措施寻求法理依据。中国必须重视气候变化问题过度安全化可能带来的负面影响,敏锐把握西方大国政治观点的理论漏洞并坚决予以驳斥。在气候变化与武装冲突的关联性方面,当前国际安全学界的科学研究总体上持十分谨慎的态度。在中国的气候外交中,要与小岛屿发展中国家和非洲国家加强观念沟通,阐释综合安全与合作安全的理念;进一步加强安全共同体意识,加强南南合作的力度。

基于云计算的数字图书馆虚拟化安全问题与对策

近年来,由于云计算技术的出现以及快速发展,数字图书馆得以诞生。然而,与发展几乎同步的还包括由此而来的安全隐患以及问题,并且由于安全威胁迭出,基于云计算技术而生的数字图书馆虚拟化安全问题渐渐进入人们的焦点视阈。

气候变化安全化对国际气候谈判的影响及中国的应对

2005年《京都议定书》生效后,大国之间分歧加剧,国际气候谈判陷入僵局,需要新的动力推动国际行动。与此同时,环境退化等问题开始被视为新安全威胁,与其密切相关的气候变化的安全含义引起国际关注。在此背景下,欧盟开始推动气候变化问题安全化进程。2016年11月,《巴黎协定》生效,标志着气候变化安全化的国际趋势已基本形成。气候变化安全化对国际气候谈判产生三方面影响:国际气候谈判的政治逻辑发生重大变化,现行国际气候谈判机制面临重大挑战,新兴发展中大国的减排压力将进一步加大。中国须从四方面加以应对:加快促进低碳转型,为尽早实现碳排放达峰创造条件;对国际气候谈判程序机制的构建发挥引导作用;反对发达国家在气候安全问题上采取双重标准;推动把知识产权问题纳入国际气候谈判的核心议程。

Soil Degradation and Food Security Coupled with Global Climate Change in Northeastern China

The northeastern China is an important commodity grain region in China,as well as a notable corn belt and major soybean producing area.It thus plays a significant role in the national food security system.However,large-scale land reclamation and non-optimum farming practices give rise to soil degradation in the region.This study analyzed the food security issues coupled with global climate change in the northeastern China during 1980–2000,which is the period of modern agriculture.The results of statistical data show that the arable land area shrank markedly in 1992,and then increased slowly,while food production generally continually increased.The stable grain yield was due to the increase of applied fertilizer and irrigated areas.Soil degradation in the northeastern China includes severe soil erosion,reduced soil nutrients,a thinner black soil layer,and deterioration of soil physical properties.The sustainable development of the northeastern China is influenced by natural-artificial binary disturbance factors which consist of meteorological conditions,climate changes,and terrain factors as well as soil physical and chemical properties.Interactions between the increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation in the region led to reduced accumulation of soil organic matter,which results in poor soil fertility.Human-induced factors,such as large-scale land reclamation and non-optimum farming practices,unsuitable cultivation systems,dredging,road building,illegal land occupation,and extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides,have led to increasingly severe soil erosion and destruction.Solutions to several problems of soil degradation in this region requiring urgent settlement are proposed.A need for clear and systematic recognition and recording of land use changes,land degradation,food production and climate change conditions is suggested,which would provide a reference for food security studies in the northeastern China.

Privatizing War

Since the advent of the U.S. Iraq war in 2003, there has seen an acceleration of functions and operations which used to be the province of government become increasingly privatized. The division of the world into public and private spheres is at the center of a debate over what the government＇s role should be. This paper seeks to frame the debate between public and private roles regarding security issues. The military has been one area where there has never been a question of nation states outsourcing or privatizing. This paper will touch on the use of mercenaries and then discuss the growing use of corporate entities to supply what were considered to be traditional military activities and objectives.

Optimization design of deep lean-ore mining and safety evaluation

In order to settle the mining optimization design and safety problem of the above 1 150 m pillar of No.1 ore-body in No.H Mining Jinchuan, the lean-ore above 1 250 m, the 1 150 m horizontal pillar and the ore-body below 1 100 m regarded as research objects based on the original design project, and nine calculation schemes on different mining sequence and different fill body strength were put forward based on cement-sand ratio of 1 ： 4, 1： 12 and 1 ： 24. Calculation parameters were got by the back analysis method of field monitoring data, and the FLAC2D program was applied to compute for these schemes, stress and displacement of ground settlement, shaft and stope roof were analyzed, and some conclusions were got. Results show that the intensity of filling body and the mining technique have very important effect on controlling settlement and stability of surrounding rock; Developing of lean ore have some influences to the 16th return air filling shaft, especially for 1 500--1 400 m of the shaft; The best project is the first project. This research supply some technique references and safety appraisals for the mining of lean-ore of No.II Mining Jinchuan.

Experiments on Channel Evolution due to Dam Removal in Taiwan

Due to safety concerns and habitat restoration for landlocked salmon,a 13-m high check dam on Chijiawan Creek was removed in late May 2011 in Taiwan.We conducted experiments to understand channel evolution of different scenarios.We further compared our experimental results of riverbed elevation changes with the analytical solutions derived from the diffusion equation and field dynamics as well after the creek experienced the first flood event.The results indicated that magnitude of discharges and notch size are dominant factors in resulting channel evolution.While the largest differences between grain size distribution are associated with discharge,the largest differences in net change in upstream volume are associated with notch size.While the theoretical equation could help understand the channel change after dam removal,it only explained the evolution closer to the dam.The physical experiments,on the other hand,provided insights especially with regard to comparing alternative proposed management actions.The discrepancies between predicted and actual outcome highlight more needed inputs for future dam-removal assessments.

On the Relationship between China and the International Energy Agency

As China needs to play a more active role in global energy governance, it must create a diversified, multi-level system to enhance energy security and to alleviate environmental pressures. A China-IEA bilateral relationship exists under an Association Initiative, but a stronger bond is needed. Though it is not an IEA member, China's massive energy needs makes it sensible that the two sides overcome existing obstacles that include OECD membership, statistical information issues and energy autonomy. In this regard an "IEA+China" might be a feasible model.

China＇s Oil Security Issues and Countermeasures in the Context of Economic Globalization

In the context of economic globalization and economic crisis, China＇ s oil security issues are not merely related to energy access and consumption, but also involve many aspects of the political and economic factors which are becoming increasingly complex. In view of this, we should not only need to attach great importance to energy security, making full use of ＂two markets and two resources＂ to take a variety of channels to ensure oil supply diversification, but also should develop oil security strategy from a strategic level, and actively participate in international oil trading system. Furthermore, we should support China＇ s oil enterprises from the political, financial and other aspects, so as to ensure adequate, stable and affordable supply ofoil to meet China＇ s economic construction requirement.

Theoretical Considerations of Laminar Flame Speed as a Function of Initial Conditions and Basic Kinetic Properties with Respect to the Safety Problem

The Zeldovich-Frank-Kamenetskii solution for the flame velocity of a planar front with one-step overall chemical reaction was enhanced. The assumption that the consumption rate depends exclusively on a chemical component was removed. Instead, the reaction rate was considered to be dependent on all reactants of an overall reaction. The new formulation was applied to obtain the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor of a set of hydrogen-air mixtures.

Global Environmental Change and National Security of China

The concept of security has been redefined since the 1990s. As one of the important factors threatening human security, global environmental change has become a new challenge to the national security and social development. The national security problems caused by global environmental change, on one hand, are closely related to the global environmental problems, and, on the other hand, are manifested in the conflicts of international affairs. The global environmental change severely challenges the future development of China. When it comes to the study on human dimensions of global environmental change in China, much more attention should be paid to issues of important environmental change that may have great impacts on the national security of China, to the scientific assessment of the vulnerabilities of the natural and socialeconomic system of China to the impacts of global environmental change, and to the active establishment of the national risk management system, in which global environmental change should be included, so as to make contribution to sustainable development and construction of harmonious society of China.

A smart safe rechargeable zinc ion battery based on sol-gel transition electrolytes

Thermal runaway has been a long-standing safety issue impeding the development of high-energy- density batteries. Physical safety designs such as employing circuit-breakers and fuses to batteries are limited by small operating voltage windows and no resumption of original working condition when it is cooled down. Here we report a smart thermoresponsive polymer electrolyte that can be incorporated inside batteries to prevent thermal runaway via a fast and reversible sol-gel transition, and successfully combine this smart electrolyte with a rechargeable Zn/^-Mn02 battery system. At high temperature, bat- tery operation is inhibited as a result of the increased internal resistance caused by the gelation of liquid electrolyte. After cooling down, the electrolyte is spontaneously reversed to sol state and the electro- chemical performance of the battery is restored. More importantly, sol-gel transition enables the smart battery to experience different charge-discharge rates under various temperature levels, providing a smart and active strategy to achieve dynamic and reversible self-protection.