基于安全街区理论的历史古镇防火设计研究

历史古镇的火灾安全保障是一项系统的复杂工程。单一维度的消防规划或设计改造无法实现从整体到局部的层级把控,规划视角的消防策略缺乏有效的实施操作层面,建筑视角的消防改造并不能满足对古镇整体消防安全的把控。文章借鉴历史古镇传统消防意识及防火经验,分析历史古镇防火设计研究的必要性与现实的不足,基于“安全街区”的理论,探讨以“安全街区”为导向的消防规划和设计策略,在中观层面针对消防规划与防火设计改造,建立层层递进的消防安全控制导则,使其能够在安全街区的操作层面得以优化改进和落实。

街区安全性视角下混合用地空间优化设计——以福州市鼓楼区为例

长期的规划实践证明,混合用地是提高城市活力、实现集约发展的重要手段,但高混合度街区同时也增加了街区管理的难度,成为了犯罪案件发生的潜在环境因素之一。因此,探讨混合用地对街区安全性的影响有助于为城市功能布局提供新思路。文章以福州鼓楼区为例,从功能类型以及空间组合方式两方面研究混合用地对街区犯罪案件的影响,并从环境预防犯罪的理论角度提出空间优化策略。

居住街区安全场地布置策略浅析

以居住街区安全场地为对象,尝试从建筑学的角度出发,以人体工程学、应急行为模式、相关设计规范为基础,分析其主要指标,提出街区安全场地的布置策略,以增加城市的韧性。

从“破窗户”理论看警察与街区安全

社区内有一扇未修复的破窗户是一个信号,它表明没有人关注此事,所以,破坏更多的窗户将不会有任何的代价。因而,警察必须重提长期被忽略的维护秩序的观点,像保护个人一样地保卫社区,以确保社区内部没有破窗户的重要性。

Role of street patterns in zone-based traffic safety analysis

Although extensive analyses of road segments and intersections located in urban road networks have examined the role of many factors that contribute to the frequency and severity of crashes, the explicit relationship between street pattern characteristics and traffic safety remains underexplored. Based on a zone-based Hong Kong database, the Space Syntax was used to quantify the topological characteristics of street patterns and investigate the role of street patterns and zone-related factors in zone-based traffic safety analysis. A joint probability model was adopted to analyze crash frequency and severity in an integrated modeling framework and the maximum likelihood estimation method was used to estimate the parameters. In addition to the characteristics of street patterns, speed, road geometry, land-use patterns, and temporal factors were considered. The vehicle hours was also included as an exposure proxy in the model to make crash frequency predictions. The results indicate that the joint probability model can reveal the relationship between zone-based traffic safety and various other factors, and that street pattern characteristics play an important role in crash frequency prediction.